The space between the nuclear envelope and the perivitelline membrane enlarged.
Mingzhi WANG, Zhongjie TIAN, Tao LI, Shansong GAO, Zhongling JIANG, Wenru TIAN, PingpingQU, Pingping QU, Wenru TIAN, Zhongling JIANG, Shansong GAO, Tao LI, Zhongjie TIAN,Mingzhi WANG 2009, 'Developmental competence and ultrastructural changes of heat-stressed mouse earlyblastocysts produced in vitro', Current Zoologyhttp://www.currentzoology.org/paperdetail.asp?id=11109. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The fertilization envelope presented a perivitelline space and a fertilization layer, with mostly neutral glycans.
Maria Mastrodonato, Roberta Rossi, Angela Maria Moramarco, Giovanni Scillitani 2011, 'Glycopattern analysis and structure of the egg extra-cellular matrix in the Apennineyellow-bellied toad, <i>Bombina pachypus (Anura: Bombinatoridae)</i>',Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologicahttp://czasopisma.viamedica.pl/fhc/article/view/4129. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Following fertilization, cortical granules undergo exocytosis to release their contents into the perivitelline space.
Liu Min 2011, 'The biology and dynamics of mammalian cortical granules', Reproductive Biology and Endocrinologyhttp://www.rbej.com/content/9/1/149. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Piavuçu eggs are detached, transparent, small, spherical, with a large perivitelline space.
Evoy Zaniboni-Filho, David Reynalte-Tataje, Betina Muelbert 2001, 'Estadios do desenvolvimento embrionário do piavuçu Leporinus macrocephalus(Garavello & Britski, 1988) Stages of the embryonic development of the piavuçu Leporinusmacrocephalus (Garavello & Britski, 1988)', Acta Scientiarum: Animal Scienceshttp://www.periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAnimSci/article/view/2614. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The inner perivitelline layer appeared as a narrow basophilic region between the oocyte and the granulosa.
Clarice Machado-Santos, Lailah N. de S. Santana, Rosilene F. Vargas, Marcelo Abidu-Figueiredo,Lycia de Brito-Gitirana, Maurício A. Chagas 2015, 'Histological and immunohistochemical study of the ovaries and oviducts of the juvenilefemale of Caiman latirostris (Crocodilia: Alligatoridae)', Zoologia (Curitiba)http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702015000500395&lng=en&tlng=en. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Other important characteristics were: spherical shape, smooth chorion, narrow perivitelline space, and a single oil globule.
Vinicius Ronzani Cerqueira 2005, 'Egg Development of Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1839)', Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technologyhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132005000300016. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Experimental enlargement of the perivitelline space in the non-polar body half increased the regional probability of fertilization.
Nami Motosugi, Jens-Erik Dietrich, Zbigniew Polanski, Davor Solter, Takashi Hiiragi 2006, 'Space asymmetry directs preferential sperm entry in the absence of polarity in themouse oocyte.', PLoS Biologyhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC1440932?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Eight of the top ten over-expressed genes are known components of the egg yolk or perivitelline membrane.
Bourin Marie, Gautron Joël, Berges Magali, Hennequet-Antier Christelle, Cabau Cédric,Nys Yves, Réhault-Godbert Sophie 2012, 'Transcriptomic profiling of proteases and antiproteases in the liver of sexually maturehens in relation to vitellogenesis', BMC Genomicshttp://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/13/457. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Similar comparisons showed better recovery of perivitelline space and mitochondria between the 3-h vitrified and slow-frozen groups.
You-Zhu Li, Na Li, Xiao-Hong Yan, Wei-Dong Zhou, Yu-Lai Zhou, Qiong-Hua Chen, Rong-FengWu 2018, 'Vitrification versus slow freezing of human oocytes: Effects on ultrastructure anddevelopmental potential', Reproductive and Developmental Medicinehttp://www.repdevmed.org/article.asp?issn=2096-2924;year=2018;volume=2;issue=3;spage=129;epage=136;aulast=Li. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)