Alpha fetoprotein serum level was found to be elevated.
Tomasz Chromiec, Marcin Hetman, Natalia Fornal, Dominik Grzebyk, Ewelina Bracik, KarolinaWidłak, Joanna Nurzyńska-Flak, Marta Prządka 2018, 'Hepatoblastoma in a one month infant – a case report', Journal of Education, Health and Sporthttp://www.ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/5762. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
For example, the current gold-standard biomarker, serum alpha-fetoprotein, has a sensitivity of roughly only 70%.
Cartlidge CR, U MRA, Alkhatib AMA, Taylor-Robinson SD 2017, 'The utility of biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma: review of urine-based 1H-NMRstudies – what the clinician needs to know', International Journal of General Medicinehttps://www.dovepress.com/the-utility-of-biomarkers-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-review-of-urine--peer-reviewed-article-IJGM. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Viral hepatitis markers were negative and serum alpha fetoprotein was within reference range.
Qusay A. Abdoh, Asma M. Alnajjar, Faisal A. Abaalkhail, Mohammed Al Sebayel, HussaF. Al-Hussaini, Waleed K. Al-Hamoudi, Hazem Helmy, Mohamad Almansour, Hussien A. Elsiesy 2016, 'Aggressive Recurrence of Primary Hepatic Epithelioid Haemangioendothelioma after LiverTransplantation', Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatologyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6135297. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The quantity of the alpha-fetoprotein was detected by a radioimmunoassay.
Yuxia Wang, Xiangxiang Gu, Hongmei Deng, Di Geng, Huaying Sun, Chunmei Wang 2017, 'Anti-tumor activities of macromolecular fractions of fresh gecko in vivo and theirinduction of Bel-7402 cell differentiation', Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Scienceshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209575481630117X. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Considerable differences in correlations between somatometric data and level of α-fetoprotein were also discovered.
S P Pachomov, V S Orlova, O P Lebedeva, M Yu Poltev, E V Zhernakov 2009, 'Rise of eficiency of alfa-fetopprotein screening in pregnant women for inherited pathologydiagnostcs', RUDN Journal of Medicinehttp://journals.rudn.ru/medicine/article/view/2575. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
In addition, α-fetoprotein was a risk factor associated with both short-term and longer-term survivals.
Lei Huo, Wenxin Wei, Zhenlin Yan, Zhengqing Lei, Yanting Xie, Renyan Gong, ShengyuHuang, Ningyang Jia, Yong Xia 2019, 'Short-term and long-term outcomes of liver resection for HCC patients with portalvein tumor thrombus', Cell & Biosciencehttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13578-019-0285-z. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Alpha-fetoprotein was overexpressed only in 3 out of 7 cell lines.
Hong Xin, Ke Wang, Gang Hu, Fubo Xie, Kedong Ouyang, Xuzhen Tang, Minjun Wang, DanyiWen, Yizhun Zhu, Xiaoran Qin 2014, 'Establishment and characterization of 7 novel hepatocellular carcinoma cell linesfrom patient-derived tumor xenografts.', PLoS ONEhttp://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3887059?pdf=render. Retrieved from PLOS CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Liver and renal function and alpha-fetoprotein were tested.
Kai Zhang, Xiangyang Sun, Fubo Xie, Wencheng Jian, Caixia Li 2018, 'Effectiveness and the strategy to treat the side effects of sorafenib administrationafter transarterial chemoembolization in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients',Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeuticshttp://www.cancerjournal.net/article.asp?issn=0973-1482;year=2018;volume=14;issue=1;spage=196;epage=200;aulast=Zhang. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
Additionally, tumor growth, ascites formation, and serum alpha-fetoprotein levelswere reduced.
Roberta Schmieder, Florian Puehler, Roland Neuhaus, Maria Kissel, Alex A Adjei, JeffreyN Miner, Dominik Mumberg, Karl Ziegelbauer, Arne Scholz 2013, 'Allosteric MEK1/2 Inhibitor Refametinib (BAY 86-9766) in Combination with SorafenibExhibits Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Murine and Rat Models of HepatocellularCarcinoma', Neoplasia: An International Journal for Oncology Researchhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1476558613801066. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)
The most relevant laboratory parameters were the high serum succinylacetone, alpha-fetoprotein, and tyrosine levels.
Seyed Mohsen Dehghani, Mahmood Haghighat, Mohammad Hadi Imanieh, Hossein Karamnejad,Abdorrasoul Malekpour 2013, 'Clinical and para clinical findings in the children with tyrosinemia referring forliver transplantation', International Journal of Preventive Medicinehttp://www.ijpvmjournal.net/article.asp?issn=2008-7802;year=2013;volume=4;issue=12;spage=1380;epage=1385;aulast=Dehghani. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)