These conflicts gave rise to a pietistic attitude of noninvolvement and withdrawal from society in times of civil strife.
Ebstein, Michael 2013, 'Absent yet at All Times Present: Further Thoughts on Secrecy in the Shī‛ī Traditionand in Sunnī Mysticism', Al-Qantara : Revista de Estudios Arabeshttp://al-qantara.revistas.csic.es/index.php/al-qantara/article/view/307/298. Retrieved from DOAJ CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode)