单词	shorten
释义	shortenshort‧en /ˈʃɔːtn $ ˈʃɔːrtn/ ●○○ verb [intransitive, transitive] Verb Table VERB TABLE shorten Simple Form Present I, you, we, they shorten he, she, it shortens Past I, you, he, she, it, we, they shortened Present perfect I, you, we, they have shortened he, she, it has shortened Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had shortened Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will shorten Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have shortened Continuous Form Present I am shortening he, she, it is shortening you, we, they are shortening Past I, he, she, it was shortening you, we, they were shortening Present perfect I, you, we, they have been shortening he, she, it has been shortening Past perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they had been shortening Future I, you, he, she, it, we, they will be shortening Future perfect I, you, he, she, it, we, they will have been shortening Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES His name's Lawrence, but it's usually shortened to Larry. I heard she had an operation to shorten her nose. It costs £12 to get trousers shortened. The new procedure could shorten hospital stays by two to three days. The plane's wings can shorten for a jet-boosted takeoff. This essay's still too long, I'll have to shorten it by a couple of thousand words. You can improve your writing just by shortening some of these long sentences. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Columns were raised, shortened, and narrowed. Cream shortening, gradually adding sugar, egg and vanilla. Cut the butter and shortening into small pieces, and add to the flour. In the garden, warm colors move toward the eye, visually shortening distances. So the best cure might lie in shortening the period when that is possible. The international automobile industry is a typical case where shortening the product development lead time is recognized as a valuable competitive weapon. The posture puts an unnatural stress on the spine and shortens the neck. Therefore the total unraveled length of a network can be shortened by adding nodes to it! Thesaurus Longman Language Activatorto make something shorter► shorten to make something shorter, especially by removing part of it: · I heard she had an operation to shorten her nose.· You can improve your writing just by shortening some of these long sentences.· It costs £12 to get trousers shortened.· This essay's still too long, I'll have to shorten it by a couple of thousand words.shorten something to something: · His name's Lawrence, but it's usually shortened to Larry. ► make something shorter to make something shorter, especially by removing part of it: · You could make your speech shorter by taking out all the quotations.make something one metre/two centimetres etc shorter: · Engineers have removed a section of the pipeline, making it about a hundred metres shorter. ► cut to make a film or piece of writing shorter by removing parts from it: · Even after it had been cut, the film was still over three hours long.· I had to cut huge chunks out to get this essay to the right length.cut something from something: · It's so difficult to cut even a couple of scenes from a play without losing some of the story. ► cut down to make a piece of writing shorter by removing parts of it completely: cut something down: · The introduction's too long. Can you try and cut it down?· Did you have to cut your dissertation down?cut down something: · They want me to cut down my article so that it'll all fit onto one page. ► condense to shorten something spoken or written, by not giving as much detail, or by using fewer words to give the same information: · I'd like to condense that statement still further.condense something into something: · Hawkins condensed all his writings into one volume for publication.· How could he condense all he had lived through into a sixty-minute speech? when a book or piece of writing has been made shorter► shortened : shortened version (of something) · This chapter is a shortened version of a paper that was written in 1977.· a shortened version of the Jewish creedin (a) shortened form · The book contains many of the most popular stories from the Bible in shortened form. ► abridged : abridged version/edition/account (of something) a shortened version of a piece of writing or speech, which keeps its basic structure and meaning: · The following article is an abridged version of a speech given by Porter in May 2000.· The book is an abridged account of his experiences in India before Independence. Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► length · This opens the weave, shortens the length and opens up the diameter of the braid.· Not surprisingly, doctors have been looking for ways to shorten the length of stay for the operation.· The glittering blue thigh had articulated sharply in the middle, shortening along its length and snapping the femur within. ► life · PAIN-KILLERS should be made available to control any distressing symptoms, despite the fact that such treatment may shorten life.· The company mixes engine oils, also shortening engines life spans.· Grease and oil degrade ordinary anti-fatigue mats and shorten service life.· It is estimated that for every cigarette you smoke you shorten your life span by five minutes.· It has lengthened and shortened its own life.· It wasn't stress that shortened your life, she suspected, but ambivalence.· It shortens the lives of millions of people world-wide and is one of the commonest causes of blindness.· There is concern from earlier studies that the disorder shortens life. ► period · The observers said such moves as shortening the campaign period to only two weeks threaten the credibility of the vote.· So the best cure might lie in shortening the period when that is possible.· After 1986 the wording of most policies was changed to shorten the period during which claims may be made.· A structured induction is necessary to shorten the learning period and expedite informed contributions.· One task of plasma researchers is to try to shorten this development period. ► season · Fishers favor increasing the minimum salmon size, and oppose shortening the season.· He returned to score 41 goals the next season and 15 goals in 27 games during the 1994-95 lockout-shortened season. ► time · The skills of our project managers have shortened construction time by 12 weeks compared with five years ago.· Listing can also significantly shorten your actual writing time and help you create strong coherent language.· The acceleration of transit shortens the time available for the bacteria to split the azo-bond.· As the training went on, the computer gradually shortened the time intervals.· The latter are useful in that they shorten the time taken to learn the concept.· The required rate of work can be increased by shortening the time intervals.· This can shorten the lead time, but to be effective it must be accompanied by the correct information processing pattern.· A shortened time horizon may of course have alarming implications for social and political tolerance. Word family WORD FAMILYnounshortshortageshortnessshortsshortyverbshortenshortadverbshortshortlyadjectiveshort to become shorter or make something shorter OPP  lengthen:  The days are shortening.shorten to His name is often shortened to Pat.
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