单词 | material |
释义 | material1 nounmaterial2 adjective materialma‧te‧ri‧al1 /məˈtɪəriəl $ -ˈtɪr-/ ●●● S1 W1 noun ExamplesEXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
THESAURUSfor making clothes etc► material Collocations noun [countable, uncountable] cloth used for making clothes, curtains etc: · She bought some pretty dress material. ► fabric noun [uncountable] cloth used for making clothes, curtains etc: · Man-made fabrics such as polyester are easy to wash and iron.· furnishing fabrics ► cloth noun [uncountable] woven material, especially material made from natural substances such as cotton and wool, which has not yet been made into any other products: · The main trade was the production of woollen cloth. ► textiles noun [plural] formal a general word for all types of cloth – used especially when talking about the business of producing and selling them: · Textiles are one of Mexico’s main exports.· the textile industry a solid or liquid substance► material noun [countable, uncountable] a substance, especially one that can be used for making things: · building materials· The island has to import oil and other raw materials (=materials used for making things).· radioactive material ► substance noun [countable] a type of material such as a chemical or a mineral: · The green colour of the leaf is due to a substance called chlorophyll.· Dioxin is one of the most toxic substances known to man. ► matter noun [uncountable] formal a type of substance – used especially in the following phrases: · waste matter from the body· It is important to add plenty of organic matter to the soil.· People throw away lots of vegetable matter. ► stuff noun [uncountable] informal a substance – used especially when you do not know exactly what it is: · What’s that sticky stuff on the floor? Longman Language Activatora solid or liquid substance► substance a type of solid or liquid, such as a chemical, a mineral, or something produced by a plant: · Poisonous substances, such as garden chemicals, should be clearly labelled.· Resin is a dark, sticky substance.· the problem of disposing of radioactive substances· The green colour of the leaf is due to a substance called chlorophyll. ► material any solid substance that can be used for making things: · Steel is a stronger material than iron.· The company supplies building materials such as bricks and cement.· A layer of insulating material should be placed between the panels and the solid wall. ► stuff especially spoken, informal a substance: · What's that sticky stuff on the floor?· Do you have any of that clear plastic stuff to cover food with? ► matter formal any physical substance - used especially in science: · They are investigating an area of space that contains more than the usual amount of matter.· the forces exerted between particles of mattervegetable/organic matter: · In order to decompose, all vegetable matter needs supplies of nitrogen.waste matter: · Dietary fibre makes waste matter from the food we eat pass through our bodies quickly. material for making clothes, curtains etc► material a material woven from threads, which is used for making clothes or curtains, covering furniture etc: · She was wearing a long black dress made of some silky material.· Some materials are easier to dye than others.dress/curtain material: · Could I have six metres of that curtain material? ► fabric woven material: · I want to buy some fabric to make a skirt.· Man-made fabrics such as polyester are easy to wash and iron.· Rayon is used extensively to make furnishing fabrics. ► cloth woven material, especially made from natural substances such as cotton and wool: · The main trade was the production of woollen cloth.· She ran her eye over the rolls of brightly-coloured cloth displayed on the stall. ► textiles formal woven material - use this especially to talk about the business of producing and selling material: · Textiles are one of Mexico's main exports.· Modern textiles can look too bright in an old building.textile industry: · The textile industry is booming, with profits up 15% on last year. information► information facts or details about a situation, event, person, place etc: · We need more information before we make a decision.information about/on: · The book contains information on how to find a job abroad.· I'm looking for some information about breast cancer research.give/provide information: · The tourist office will be able to give you the information you need.· The Web site provides the latest information on Medicare and Medicaid.further information written (=more information): · For further information, please write to the following address.piece of information: · Ray just told me an interesting piece of information.detailed information (=containing a lot of facts): · The guidebook has detailed information about the hotels in the area. ► fact a piece of information that can be proved to be true: · I'm not interested in your opinions - I just want to know the facts.fact about: · It's important that young people learn the facts about drugs.· The book is full of interesting facts about plant life.fact that: · He's never tried to hide the fact that he spent time in jail. ► details all the smaller pieces of information that you need to know about something that you already know about in a general way: · There's a big jazz festival in May. I'll give you the details if you want.details of/about: · The details of specific cases cannot be made public.· The doctor asked me for details about my eating and exercise habits.provide/give details: · He said the meeting was next month, but he didn't give any specific details.further details written (=more details): · For further details, contact the conference organizer.full details (=all the details): · Full details about the company's plans will be announced in several months. ► info especially spoken information: · Sandra will give you all the info you need.info on/about: · For more info on the show, call this number.· The dinosaur exhibit is pretty neat with lots of info about each period. ► material information that is used when you write a story, article, speech etc: · There wasn't enough material to write a whole book.· I've been unable to find any reference material on the subject of interracial adoptions.· The stories he collected became material for the biography he is now writing. ► data facts, numbers, and other information that have been collected and stored, especially on a computer: · This computer can store as much data as many larger models.· He has to trawl through vast amounts of economic data.data on/about: · The spacecraft has sent back new data about Jupiter's atmosphere. WORD SETS► DAILY LIFEAC, accessory, nounadapter, nounaerosol, nounalarm, nounarm, nounash, nounattaché case, nounbag, nounbar, nounbarrel, nounbeep, verbbeeswax, nounbell, nounbelly, nounbelt, nounbench, nounbenzine, nounbinding, nounbiro, nounbolt, nounbooth, nounbox, nounbox, verbbrad, nounbriefcase, nounbristle, nounbrolly, nounbrush, nounbucket, nounbuckle, nounbuffer, nounbulb, nounBulldog clip, nounbulletin board, nounbullhorn, nounbung, nounbunting, nounbusiness card, nounbutt, nounbutton, nounbuzzer, nouncable, nouncalling card, nouncan, nouncandle, nouncane, nouncarbon, nouncarbon copy, nouncarbon paper, nouncard, nouncardboard, nouncardboard, adjectivecardboard cut-out, nouncard catalog, nouncarrier, nouncarrier bag, nouncarryall, nouncart, nouncarton, nouncartridge, nouncase, nouncaster, nouncatch, nounCellophane, nouncesspit, nounchain, nounchalice, nounchannel, nounchart, nounchute, nouncitronella, nounclamp, nouncleat, nounclip, nounclipboard, nouncomb, nouncombination lock, nouncompartment, nouncord, nouncrank, nouncrate, nouncrepe paper, nouncycle, noundetector, noundial, noundigital, adjectivedisposable, adjectivedrape, verbdrawing pin, noundryer, noundurable goods, nounDurex, nounearplug, nounelastic band, nouneraser, nouneyelet, nounfabric, nounfelt-tip pen, nounfemale, adjectivefence, nounfiberglass, nounfibreglass, nounfigurine, nounfilament, nounfile, verbFilofax, nounfire extinguisher, nounfirewood, nounfitness, nounflag, nounflagon, nounflagstaff, nounflashlight, nounflat, adjectivefloodlight, nounfoam, nounfoam, verbfog, verbfolder, nounfoolscap, nounforecourt, nounfountain, nounfountain pen, nounframe, nounfunnel, nounfuse, noungadget, noungadgetry, noungargle, verbgas, nounglue, noungoggles, noungold card, noungranny knot, noungravel, noungravelled, adjectivegravelly, adjectivegrease, noungreetings card, noungrommet, noungum, noungun, noungunnysack, noungut, nounhand-held, adjectivehandle, nounhandloom, nounharness, nounhasp, nounhealth, nounhessian, nounhinge, nounhip, nounhoarding, nounhoist, nounholder, nounhook, nounhoop, nounhooter, nounhose, nounhosepipe, nounhub, nounhygiene, nounhygienic, adjectiveillness, nounindented, adjectiveinflatable, adjectiveingrained, adjectiveink, nouninn, nouninnkeeper, nouninsoluble, adjectiveivory, nounjacket, nounjack-knife, nounjoss stick, nounjuggle, verbkey, nounkeypad, nounkey ring, nounKleenex, nounknife, nounknob, nounlabel, nounladder, nounlantern, nounlatch, nounlatchkey, nounlather, nounlather, verbLCD, nounlead, nounlectern, nounlegal pad, nounlens, nounletterbox, nounlever, nounlibrary, nounlid, nounlidded, adjectivelift, nounlight, nounlight bulb, nounlink, nounlinseed oil, nounlitter bin, nounlock, nounlodestone, nounlog, nounloop, verblost property, nounmagnet, nounmagnetic, adjectivemagnifying glass, nounmale, adjectivemantle, nounmanual, adjectivemarker, nounmarker pen, nounmarket day, nounmast, nounmastic, nounmatchstick, nounmaterial, nounmeter, nounmeths, nounmode, nounmortar, nounmortise lock, nounmould, nounmounting, nounmovement, nounnail, nounnameplate, nounnet, nounnib, nounnipple, nounnon-standard, adjectivenoose, nounnotebook, nounnotepad, nounnoticeboard, nounnozzle, nounnut, nounoil, verboilcan, nounoily, adjectiveorb, nounoutfit, nounoutlet, nounovernight, adverbpack, verbpackage, nounpad, nounpad, verbpadlock, nounpaintwork, nounpantyliner, nounpaper, nounpaperclip, nounpasserby, nounpaste, verbpasteboard, nounpatron, nounpatronage, nounpatronize, verbpattern, nounpaving, nounpearl, nounpen, nounpenknife, nounpicket fence, nounpillbox, nounpince-nez, nounpinhead, nounpipe, nounpix, nounpizza parlor, nounplug, nounpocket, nounpocketbook, nounpocket calculator, nounpocket knife, nounpointer, nounpoison, nounpole, nounportfolio, nounPost-it, nounpowder, nounpowdered, adjectivepropellant, nounpropelling pencil, nounpump-action, adjectivePX, nounquarter, verbrack, nounreceptionist, nounreel, nounrefill, nounreflector, nounrefrigerate, verbregimen, nounreservation, nounreserve, verbsachet, nounsack, nounscratchpad, nounscratch paper, nounscreen, nounsealant, nounsealer, nounsearchlight, nounseason ticket, nounseat, nounself-assembly, adjectiveseptic tank, nounservice, nounservice, verbsetting, nounshade, nounsharpener, nounshovel, nounshovel, verbshovelful, nounsilver paper, nounsiphon, nounslat, nounslice, verbslot machine, nounslug, nounsmoke, nounsoot, nounsort, nounspare part, nounspigot, nounsponge, nounspool, nounspout, nounspray, nounspray can, nounspray paint, nounspring, nounstaff, nounstake, nounstalk, nounstandard, nounstaple, nounstapler, nounstationery, nounsteam, nounsteam clean, verbsteel, nounsteel wool, nounstepladder, nounstick, verbstick, nounsticker, nounstilt, nounstopper, nounstorm lantern, nounstrap, nounstreamer, nounstring, nounstub, nounsucker, nounSuperglue, nounswipe, verbswitch, nounswivel, nountab, nountack, nountag, nountag, verbtank, nountap, nountape, nountassel, nountattle, verbtea break, nounthong, nounthread, nountime-saving, adjectivetinder, nountinderbox, nountissue, nountop, nountote bag, nountowel, verbtray, nountrolley, nountube, nountubing, nountwine, nountwo-way mirror, nounumbrella, nounvent, nounvial, nounwaiting room, nounwasher, nounwaste paper, nounwatch, nounwaterspout, nounwheeled, adjectivewhistle, verbwooden, adjectivewriting paper, noun COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► organic/plant material Phrases Animals depend on plant material for food. ► radioactive material harmful radioactive material ► raw materials a paper company which imports raw materials (=substances which have not been treated) from North America. ► reading/writing etc material(s) Videos often make good teaching material. ► building materials a supply of building materials ► raw material the raw material (=information that has not been carefully examined) for an article COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► combustible material/gas etc► construction materials· expensive construction materials like cement and steel ► course material· Teachers are provided with course material. ► curtain fabric/material (=for making curtains)· I need to go to town to buy some curtain fabric. ► material hardship (=a serious lack of money or of things that you need in order to live)· Emergency government aid helped to relieve the flood victims' material hardship. ► instructional programmes/materials/techniques etc a free instructional video ► plant material· They feed on decaying plant material. ► material possessions (=things you own, rather than personal qualities, relationships etc)· Many of them have lost all their material possessions as a result of the civil war. ► raw materials The cost of our raw materials has risen significantly. ► raw material His time here provided the raw material for his novel. ► reading material a supply of interesting reading material ► material resources· Most people lack the material resources to be able to deal with periods of unemployment. ► material rewards (=money or possessions that you get)· They think money and material rewards are more important than quality of life. ► synthetic fibres/materials/fabrics► teaching materials· This will help teachers to prepare their own teaching materials. ► physical/psychological/material etc well-being the physical and emotional well-being of the children ► writing materials (=pens, pencils, paper etc)· Pupils were able to try old writing materials such as slates and steel-nibbed pens. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► genetic· No novel genetic material will be introduced into the environment.· That enzyme is crucial to the translation of the virus' genetic material and the reproduction of more viruses inside the host.· The genetic material has to divide exactly.· In the intermediate zone between a population boom and a population bust, this superfluous genetic material is pruned out.· For instance, the basic genetic material is similar.· The more violent the oscillations the greater the amount of parasitic genetic material.· Some bacterial populations are asexual: no means of exchanging genetic material exists.· The work was conducted on genetic material retrieved from embryos, not on embryos themselves. ► instructional· As instructional material it is indirect in that the reader is not necessarily told what to do, as in a routine.· They have helped develop curricula and have contributed instructional materials and advice.· Eventually some instructional material did arrive, but not until October, by which time the whole detachment had qualified.· The professional also learns quickly not to rely solely upon personal qualities and a limited collection of instructional materials.· This gives an indication of the potential impact of this type of instructional material.· The use of simple equipment to produce teacher-made instructional materials for classroom use. 4.· The preview and evaluation of instructional materials through classroom use. 5.· Included in the collection are diagnostic and testing materials, professional materials, and instructional materials to be used directly with learners. ► new· The company is also developing two new materials which it hopes will be strong enough to fill cavities in the back teeth.· In its place was a halo of entirely new material.· By the 1950s and 1960s, delicate equipment for reaching and investigating single nerve cells could be built with new materials.· But they made them of iron, and Justice proposed to make them from the new miracle material, steel.· Ideas about representing the structure of energy and movement were sought through experimentation with new materials and light.· Then we learned to extract raw materials from her biosphere to create our own new synthetic materials.· New products, including liquid crystal display televisions, long-life batteries and new materials offer promise for the future.· Such persons will frequently lead you to new or additional material. ► nuclear· It then swells-for the nuclear material is highly compacted within the sperm-and so becomes a pronucleus.· Pentagon officials say they have already had some success reducing the risk that nuclear materials will fall into the wrong hands.· Each of the two divisions of meiosis produces two daughter cells, each of which contains the same amount of nuclear material.· There have been some real instances of just dumping nuclear material in the oceans.· Since the amount of nuclear material increases as cells grow and divide, new pyrimidines and purines had to come from somewhere.· Obtaining nuclear material is the hardest part of building a bomb; a clever physics graduate student can figure out the rest.· Storage of nuclear materials is in jeopardy, a government official warned recently. ► organic· They also, astonishingly, contain abundant organic material.· An independent chronology for these reconstructions is essential and this is provided by radiocarbon-dating of organic material preserved in the sediments.· Uneaten food and other dead organic materials left in the tank are the worst offenders in pollution of the water.· They are separated by a thin layer of a very complex organic material.· The corals feed passively on bits of organic material suspended in the water.· Snow close to the coast is often additionally contaminated by mineral salts and organic material from the sea.· Muck is formed by the decaying of saw grass and other organic material over thousands of years. ► other· My first lesson on Day One; labour is a commodity like any other raw material.· The placenta detaches itself from the uterine wall and, with other material, is forced out after the baby.· All other materials contract when they solidify.· Conclusions: The velvet cloth is a near perfect black, but more expensive and less readily available than the other materials.· For example, research in composites, polymers and other new materials could aid a range of engineering industries.· These and other language-based materials are offered as supplementary materials which will slot into a range of syllabuses.· At the time of manufacture the foil would obviously become mixed with other materials.· Nowadays boards can means pasteboard, cardboard, strawboard or any other stiff material used in hard-covered books. ► radioactive· This would have resulted in more radioactive material being released.· They left radioactive material in Moscow and said they were going to use that kind of weapon....· Officials admit that another 700 firms and institutions are using hazardous radioactive material.· A conventional bomb could scatter radioactive material over a large area.· There is a danger of leakages and the deliberate dumping of radioactive material, with potentially catastrophic results for the environment.· Two other canisters bearing labels for radioactive material were also found, but preliminary tests failed to detect any radioactivity.· So far environmental lobbies have been extremely reluctant to allow radioactive materials to be flown in a chemical rocket.· It was closed and capped in 1977 after an explosion inside it showered the area with radioactive material. ► raw· The only defence open to enterprises and manufacturing industry would be a chaotic cut in their demand for these raw materials.· It consumes twice as much energy, water and other raw materials, per unit of production, as most industrialized countries.· No longer is the customer at the end of the line, nor does the supplier only relate to raw materials.· The problem here remains one of the identification of the sources of the raw materials used during the period.· For these industries steel from Motherwell is an important local raw material.· It announced the suspension of all work on the grounds of lack of raw materials.· In addition, all regional buyers inspect and approve all raw material stores personally to ensure they achieve our laid down standards.· The respondent's answers constitute the raw material to be analysed at a later point in time. NOUN► building· After coal, building materials figured importantly among bulk cargoes.· Consequently, the fall in demand for building materials and construction workers will generate downward multiplier effects on other types of investment.· Many building materials such as lime mortars and plasters, Portland cement and asbestos cement develop alkalis.· First half profit before tax fell by 12% to £44.5m at Laporte; eps fell by 6% to 18.8p. Building materials.· They scrounge wiring, plasterboard, wood, all kinds of building materials from local firms and are rebuilding the charred structure.· Most obviously, water is an excellent building material: eminently flexible, but not very compressible.· The ordering of building materials would help greatly the building supplies industry that is at present in the doldrums. ► plant· However, a real plant will be constrained by the amount of already existing plant material and its needs.· Each time any plant material was harvested, it was laboriously weighed and recorded by the biospherians.· Orfe are ideal inhabitants for a planted pond, as they only eat small amounts of plant material.· York said that reconstituted tobacco is made by separating water-soluble elements, including nicotine, from the tobacco plant material.· Another similar material is the partly rotted plant material in garden compost heaps.· Most 14C ages are determined from the carbon in dead plant material.· A second explanation is that antibiotic production is rooted in the plant material that is the food source.· Gooey and black, the muck is full of decaying plant material. ► reading· It will need to have a ledge to support the reading material and strong clamps to hold pages in place are useful.· By level 8, the reading material is as demanding as it can be.· To list background reading material. 5.· The Lawyers' Library in Appendix 4 gives details of these publications and other useful reading material.· A spontaneous way to effect magnification is to bring reading material close to the eye.· It provides a variety of reading material from newspapers and other authentic sources, which parallel and reinforce each story.· Like the Prince, she requests and gathers together information and reading material on all of the subjects she has taken on.· There is a hunger for reading material, for books of all kinds, educational and recreational. ► source· The research involves the use of primary source materials in national and local archives.· A key element will be the researching of source material still held by different constabularies.· But what is extraordinary about all these intricate reworkings of such disparate source material is the coherence of the final results.· In some cases, quite new kinds of source material will become practical.· At best, his work is defined by what is known to be available as source material.· Unlike structured databases, Viewdata is useful for a great variety of written source materials.· Searches that predominantly involve specific words or phrases known to have been used in the source material. ► teaching· Teachers in a cluster group might share the work of producing teaching materials or assessment materials.· Earlier publication will make timetabling easier, and reduce the pressure on staff who need to review and develop teaching materials.· One other possibility that is sometimes considered if a camera is available in an institution is local production of teaching materials.· It is easy to get teaching materials wrong, difficult to get them right.· The Department is committed to teaching materials in an engineering context and much of its research reflects this attitude.· The national clearinghouses co-operate to some extent but largely through exchanges of information and teaching material.· The larger format will offer at 3-4 levels a range of self-study language teaching materials. VERB► build· They had tunnelled down into the plateau, and they had built upwards as far as their materials and construction abilities would allow.· During the three-week run, the sophisticated internal monitoring equipment indicated no buildup of gases either from building materials or biological sources.· These ideas have been built into curricula and materials.· He made his way through a ragpickers' village built with material scavenged from other parts of the city. ► contain· Many of these works contain important statistical material, but there exist also many purely statistical digests and collections.· They also, astonishingly, contain abundant organic material.· All of the books containing material related to the theses in the present study are such compilations.· CompuServe recently shut down direct access to certain newsgroups containing indecent photographs and material.· Now if you will refer to your folders, you have extracts containing the relevant material.· Confidential data contain material that is secret but whose existence is not a secret.· If the second edition of a book contains revision material, it is the first revised edition.· The child-use section contains instructional materials in a wide variety of format and subject matter for the children themselves. ► include· These include materials and fuel, work in progress, and stocks of finished products.· Each lesson includes a list of materials needed.· The database of approximately 180 references include audiovisual and print materials held in the school library.· Examples of chemical poisoning include chlorine-based materials released into the atmosphere.· Many pre-school poetry collections include material which presents negative images of older people.· Individuals with similar functions include materials, operations, purchasing, and traffic managers.· Perkins also includes some useful material for experimental physicists such as stopping power and multiple scattering formulae and definition of radiation lengths.· The documents included allegedly misleading sales material and records from individual customers' files. ► produce· This produces materials which are as clean as first-use plastics.· User need prevails when such produced materials reduce abstractions to a level of reality and personal meaning to the individual.· Through working together the schools are able to buy in expertise and share the costs of producing high quality materials.· But Raye, with his sweet, Vince-Gill-like tenor, continues to produce strong material.· It uses the best talents available to produce promotional materials to recruit new members.· No one is advocating producing more of this material, as some fear.· Older methods of producing duplicated material can be defective in this regard.· But, what if you really must produce more material? ► provide· It is this process which provides the material of creativity.· A stunning move by Franklin Roosevelt provided dramatic material for the new team.· The research brings together academics from the countries included in the study to provide descriptive material on decentralisation for an edited publication.· It will provide supporting material for the annual review of implementation and, where necessary, clarify or supplement information received.· In the past, waste was not useless, but provided fuel, building materials and industrial materials, as well as rough grazing.· Chord changes were of particular importance, because they provided the raw material for each improvised solo.· In doing this they provide the material for their own cultural development that is self-determining and self-governing.· We love Dan Snyder because he provides us with material. ► read· They should read a selection of material that includes short stories, novels, plays and poems.· Parents need to read these published materials, acknowledging that some teachers will rely more or less on these.· A: It is rare for a child to sustain interest in reading material that is completely beyond him.· He reads and digests material on a vast range of topics and picks the brains of most of the leading authorities.· Most likely this person is inundated with reading material at work and at home.· In reading the material which follows an important point should be borne in mind.· This will give everyone a chance to read the material, make comments, and come prepared for a discussion. ► use· Alongside the Manchester Ship Canal there were open spaces suitable for large modern factories using imported raw materials.· Parents will have control over which rating service or software they use and what material their kids can access.· You could think of using video material occasionally as an input to these activities.· Regionals use a lot of material originated by public relations, sometimes in the form in which it was sent.· Team leader Alan Smith said the nursery was committed to preserving the environment so it did not use peat materials or chemicals.· The challenge in designing and using materials is how to delay the moment of ultimate failure.· A good general purpose tripod using the minimum material for the maximum load is illustrated in Figure 7.· It is for the teachers, drawing on their professional knowledge and expertise, to use the materials appropriate for their pupils. PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► officer/executive etc material Word family
WORD FAMILYnounmaterialmaterialismmaterialistmaterialsmaterializationadjectivematerialimmaterialmaterialisticmaterialistadverbmaterialisticallymateriallyverbmaterialize 1[countable, uncountable] cloth used for making clothes, curtains etc SYN fabric: curtain material scraps of material a cape made of a soft material2[countable, uncountable] a solid substance such as wood, plastic, or metal: materials like wood or stoneorganic/plant material Animals depend on plant material for food. harmful radioactive material a paper company which imports raw materials (=substances which have not been treated) from North America. recycled material3[uncountable] (also materials [plural]) the things that are used for making or doing somethingreading/writing etc material(s) Videos often make good teaching material. a supply of building materials artists’ materials4[uncountable] information or ideas used in books, films etc: His act contains a lot of new material.material for Anita is collecting material for a novel. the raw material (=information that has not been carefully examined) for an article5officer/executive etc material someone who is good enough for a particular job or position: He’s a good soldier, but not really officer material.THESAURUSfor making clothes etcmaterial noun [countable, uncountable] cloth used for making clothes, curtains etc: · She bought some pretty dress material.fabric noun [uncountable] cloth used for making clothes, curtains etc: · Man-made fabrics such as polyester are easy to wash and iron.· furnishing fabricscloth noun [uncountable] woven material, especially material made from natural substances such as cotton and wool, which has not yet been made into any other products: · The main trade was the production of woollen cloth.textiles noun [plural] formal a general word for all types of cloth – used especially when talking about the business of producing and selling them: · Textiles are one of Mexico’s main exports.· the textile industrya solid or liquid substancematerial noun [countable, uncountable] a substance, especially one that can be used for making things: · building materials· The island has to import oil and other raw materials (=materials used for making things).· radioactive materialsubstance noun [countable] a type of material such as a chemical or a mineral: · The green colour of the leaf is due to a substance called chlorophyll.· Dioxin is one of the most toxic substances known to man.matter noun [uncountable] formal a type of substance – used especially in the following phrases: · waste matter from the body· It is important to add plenty of organic matter to the soil.· People throw away lots of vegetable matter.stuff noun [uncountable] informal a substance – used especially when you do not know exactly what it is: · What’s that sticky stuff on the floor?material1 nounmaterial2 adjective materialmaterial2 ●○○ adjective [usually before noun] Word OriginWORD ORIGINmaterial2 ExamplesOrigin: 1300-1400 Late Latin materialis, from Latin materia; ➔ MATTER1EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES word sets
WORD SETS► Law Collocationsaccess, nounacquit, verbacquittal, nounactionable, adjectiveact of God, nounadjourn, verbadminister, verbadmissible, adjectiveADR, nounadversarial, adjectiveadvocate, nounaffidavit, nounage, nounaggrieved, adjectiveagreement, nounannual return, anti-dumping, adjectiveantitrust, adjectiveAppeal Court, nounappear, verbappellate court, nounarraign, verbarticled clerk, articles of association, nounassignee, nounassizes, nounattachment, nounattest, verbattorney, nounattorney-at-law, nounattorney general, nounaverage clause, bailable, adjectivebailee, nounbailiff, nounbailment, nounban, nounbarrister, nounbeneficial owner, beneficiary, nounbequeath, verbbequest, nounbest efforts, adjectivebid-rigging, nounbill, nounbill of rights, nounblue law, nounbody corporate, bond, nounbook, verbbox, nounbreakdown clause, break fee, brief, nounbroker's lien, burden of proof, nounbusiness entity, buyer's risk, bylaw, nouncabotage, nouncadastre, nouncase, nouncase law, nouncash shell, nouncause, nouncause célèbre, nouncause of action, nouncaution, nouncaution, verbcertificate of incorporation, nouncertificate of protest, nouncertificate of search, nounchain of title, nounchallenge, nounchallenge, verbchancery, nounChapter 7, nouncharge, nouncharge, verbcharges register, chief justice, nouncircuit court, nouncite, verbcitizen's arrest, nouncivil, adjectivecivil law, nounclaim, nounclaimant, nounclass action, nounclause, nounclean, adjectivecloud on title, nouncollusion, nouncommerce clause, committal, nouncommon law, nouncommunity property, nounCommunity Reinvestment Act, nouncommutation, nounCompanies House, nouncompanies registry, company limited by guarantee, nouncompany limited by shares, nouncompany officer, competence, nouncompetent, adjectivecomplainant, nouncompletion, nouncompletion date, compliance officer, compulsory purchase, nounconditional discharge, nouncondition precedent, nouncondition subsequent, nounconduct money, confidentiality clause, confirmation hearing, conflict of laws, nounconjugal, adjectiveconsensus ad idem, nounconsent decree, consenting adult, nounconservator, nounconstituted, adjectiveconstitution, nounconstitutional, adjectiveconstitutionality, nouncontempt, nouncontest, verbcontingency fee, contract of insurance, nouncontract of purchase, nouncontract of service, nouncontravene, verbcontravention, nouncontributory negligence, nounconvey, verbconveyance, nounconveyancing, nounconvict, verbconviction, nouncopyright, nounco-respondent, nouncosignatory, nouncounsel, nouncounty court, nouncourthouse, nouncourt-martial, nouncourt-martial, verbCourt of Appeal, nounCourt of Appeals, nouncourt of inquiry, nouncourt of law, nounCourt of Queen's Bench, nouncourt order, nouncourt reporter, nouncourtroom, nouncramdown, nouncriminal, adjectivecriminal injury, criminalize, verbcriminal law, nouncross-examine, verbCrown Court, nouncurfew, nouncustodial, adjectiveD.A., noundata protection, death sentence, noundeath warrant, noundeclaration of association, noundecree, noundecree absolute, noundecree nisi, noundecriminalize, verbdeed, noundeed of conveyance, noundefalcation, noundefend, verbdefendant, noundeficiency judgment, noundeficiency judgment, de jure, adjectivedeposition, noundeputy, nounderivative lease, desertion, noundiminished responsibility, noundiplomatic immunity, noundirectors register, disabled quota, disbar, verbdischarge of contract, noundisclaim, verbdisclaimer, noundiscretionary, adjectivedisinherit, verbdismiss, verbdispense, verbdisposition, noundispossess, verbdissent, noundissolution, noundistrain, verbdistrict attorney, noundistrict court, noundivorce, noundivorce, verbdivorced, adjectivedocket, noundonee, noundouble jeopardy, noundraftsman, noundrink-driving, noundrunk driving, noundue process, nounduress, nouneasement, nounedict, nouneffective, adjectiveeminent domain, nounempower, verbenabling, adjectiveenabling clause, enact, verbendowment, nounenforced, adjectiveenjoin, verbescape clause, escrow, nounescrow agent, estate, nounestoppel, nounevidence, nounexamination, nounexamination-in-chief, nounexamine, verbexculpate, verbexecute, verbexecutor, nounexecutrix, nounexhibit, nounexpectations, nounex post facto law, nounexpropriate, verbextradite, verbextrajudicial, adjectivefair dealing, false representation, nounfee absolute, nounfiduciary, nounfiduciary, adjectivefinding, nounfirm name, nounfixtures and fittings, nounforce majeure, nounforeman, nounforewoman, nounfreeholder, nounfree pardon, nounfrustration of contract, fugitive, nounfugitive, adjectivegagging order, gag order, noungarnishee, verbgarnishee, noungeneral counsel, noungeneral practice, noungive, verbgrand jury, noungrantee, noungrantor, noungreen paper, noungross misconduct, ground rent, nounguarantee, verbguarantor, nounguaranty, nounguillotine, verbguilt, noungun control, nounhabeas corpus, nounHague Rules, nounhear, verbhearing, nounheir, nounheir apparent, nounhereafter, adverbhereditament, nounhereinafter, adverbhereof, adverbhereto, adverbheritable, adjectiveHigh Court, nounHighway Code, nounhirer, nounhuman right, nounimplied term, inadmissible, adjectiveinalienable, adjectiveincriminate, verbindemnify, verbindemnity, nounindict, verbindictable, adjectiveindictment, nounindustrial tribunal, nouninitiative, nouninjunction, nounin loco parentis, adverbinnocence, nouninnocent, adjectiveinoperative, adjectiveinquest, nouninsanity, nouninstruct, verbintellectual property, nounintent, nouninterdict, nouninterlocutory injunction, invoke, verbJane Doe, nounjob quota, joint and several liability, JP, nounjudge, nounjudge, verbjudicial, adjectivejuridical, adjectivejurisdiction, nounjurisprudence, nounjurist, nounjuror, nounjury, nounjury box, nounjury service, nounjustice, nounJustice of the Peace, nounjustifiable homicide, nounjuvenile, adjectivekangaroo court, nounKing's Counsel, nounlaw firm, nounlawyer, nounlease, nounleasehold, adjectiveleaseholder, nounlegatee, nounlegator, nounlessee, nounlessor, nounletters of administration, nounliable, adjectivelicensee, nounlien, nounlienee, nounlienor, nounlimited liability, nounliquidated damages, litigant, nounlitigate, verblitigation, nounlitigator, nounlitigious, adjectiveliving will, nounloophole, nounmagisterial, adjectivemagistracy, nounmagistrate, nounMagistrates' Court, nounmaintenance, nounmajority, nounmalfeasance, nounmalpractice, nounmarriage certificate, nounmarriage licence, nounmarriage lines, nounmaterial, adjectivematerial fact, nounmemorandum, nounmiscarriage of justice, nounmisdirect, verbmisfeasance, nounmisstatement, nounmistrial, nounM'lord, nounM'lud, nounmoiety, nounmonies, nounmoot court, nounmoratorium, nounmovable, nounno-fault, adjectivenolo contendere, nounnonfeasance, nounnon-negotiable, adjectivenotary, nounnuisance, nounnullify, verbnullity, nounoath, nounopen-and-shut case, nounopen verdict, nounoperative mistake, nounordinance, nounoriginating application, originating summons, outlaw, nounout-of-court settlement, nounoyez, interjectionpalimony, nounpanel, nounparalegal, nounpardon, verbpardon, nounparty, nounpass, verbpassage, nounpatent, nounpatent, adjectivepaternity, nounpaternity suit, nounpatrimony, nounpenal code, nounpenalty, nounperformance contract, perjury, nounpersonal injury, personal representative, personalty, nounpetition, nounpetition, verbpetitioner, nounplaintiff, nounplanning permission, nounplea bargaining, nounpleadings, nounpledgee, nounpolice, verbpositive discrimination, nounpower of attorney, nounprecedent, nounprejudice, verbpreservation order, nounpresume, verbprice-fixing, nounprima facie, adjectiveprimary residence, prime tenant, primogeniture, nounprivate law, nounprivileged, adjectiveprivity, nounprobate, nounprobate, verbprobation, nounprobationer, nounprobation officer, nounpro bono, adjectiveprocedural, adjectiveproceeding, nounproceedings, nounprohibit, verbprohibition, nounprohibitive, adjectivepromulgate, verbpronounce, verbproposition, nounproscribe, verbprosecute, verbprosecution, nounprosecutor, nounprotective custody, nounprove, verbprovision, nounprovisional licence, nounproximate cause, nounpublic defender, nounpublic prosecutor, nounpublic service vehicle, punishable, adjectiveQC, nounquarter sessions, nounquash, verbQueen's Counsel, nounreal property, nounrecess, nounrecess, verbrecognition, nounrecognizance, nounrecorder, nounreeve, nounregulation, nounremand, verbremand, nounrepeal, verbrescind, verbrespondent, nounrestoration, nounrestore, verbretainer, nounretrial, nounretroactive, adjectiveretrospective, adjectiveretry, verbreversion, nounrevocation, nounrevoke, verbRex, nounright of appeal, nounroad tax, nounroot of title, royalty payment, rule, verbruling, nounsaid, adjectivesalami slicing, nounSarbanes-Oxley Act, nounscheme of arrangement, nounsentence, nounsentence, verbsequester, verbsession, nounsettlement date, settlement terms, shall, modal verbshell company, sheriff, nounsheriff court, nounshow trial, nounsitting tenant, nounsmall claims court, nounsolicitor, nounsolicitor general, nounSOX, nounspecial licence, nounspecific performance, speed limit, nounstakeholder, nounstate attorney, nounstate court, nounstated case, statute, nounstatute law, nounstatute of limitations, nounstatutory, adjectivestatutory report, stay, nounstay of execution, nounstipendiary magistrate, nounstoppage in transit, nounsub judice, adverbsubmission, nounsuborn, verbsubpoena, nounsubpoena, verbsue, verbsuit, nounsumming up, nounsumming-up, nounsummons, nounsummons, verbSupreme Court, nounsurety, nounsuspended sentence, nounswear, verbtechnicality, nountenant at sufferance, nountenant at will, nountenant for years, nountenant in common, nountenure, nountestament, nountestator, nountest case, nountest certificate, nountestify, verbtestimony, nounthereinafter, adverbthird party, nounthrough, prepositionticket, nounticket, verbtitle, nountitle deed, nountitle holder, nountort, nountradename, nounTrading Standards, treasure trove, nountrespass, verbtrespass, nountrial, nountrust for sale, nounultra vires, adjectiveunderwriting power, undue influence, noununlicensed, adjectiveuphold, verbverdict, nounvindicate, verbvisa, nounvoucher, nounward, nounwarrant, nounwhereas, conjunctionwill, nounwill, verbwinding up, nounwitness, nounwitness, verbwitness box, nounwrit, nounwrongful termination, COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► material goods/possessions/wealth etc Phrases The spiritual life is more important than material possessions. a society that places high importance on material rewards ► the material world According to some, the material world is all that exists. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► combustible material/gas etc► construction materials· expensive construction materials like cement and steel ► course material· Teachers are provided with course material. ► curtain fabric/material (=for making curtains)· I need to go to town to buy some curtain fabric. ► material hardship (=a serious lack of money or of things that you need in order to live)· Emergency government aid helped to relieve the flood victims' material hardship. ► instructional programmes/materials/techniques etc a free instructional video ► plant material· They feed on decaying plant material. ► material possessions (=things you own, rather than personal qualities, relationships etc)· Many of them have lost all their material possessions as a result of the civil war. ► raw materials The cost of our raw materials has risen significantly. ► raw material His time here provided the raw material for his novel. ► reading material a supply of interesting reading material ► material resources· Most people lack the material resources to be able to deal with periods of unemployment. ► material rewards (=money or possessions that you get)· They think money and material rewards are more important than quality of life. ► synthetic fibres/materials/fabrics► teaching materials· This will help teachers to prepare their own teaching materials. ► physical/psychological/material etc well-being the physical and emotional well-being of the children ► writing materials (=pens, pencils, paper etc)· Pupils were able to try old writing materials such as slates and steel-nibbed pens. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN► advantage· Anderson argues strongly that such patterns can be explained only by looking at the material advantages and disadvantages of people living together.· It was a nice bit of play by Deane which gave Speed the opportunity to translate our complete domination into material advantage.· This illustrates the crucial point that practical constraints affect people in differing degrees, depending on their level of material advantage.· I would not dream of seeking any material advantage from our meeting.· Even when due allowance is made for the material advantages of Gloucester's lordship, there is no doubt of his personal attraction. ► basis· In general, what the theory of dialectic materialism states is that every society is structured around its material basis of production.· Wage incentives were needed to motivate officials, thus giving bureaucracy an institutional and material basis for power.· What experience gives us is not knowledge itself, but the ideas which form the material basis for knowledge.· I shall also argue that crises have a material basis, which relates to the periodic replacement and expansion of fixed capital. ► benefit· Titanic pay increases and tax cuts for the wealthy and prosperous are of material benefit to the poor.· First, to be sure, some reap material benefit from inflation.· Broadly speaking, workers obtained certain rights and material benefits.· Also the material benefits of Prussian citizenship had begun to show in improved living standards and educational opportunities.· Cities and towns were, of course, sometimes able to offer material benefits not available to the residents of the countryside.· It could have led to a certain amount of resentment, particularly when the material benefits flowed in for Hannah. ► breach· The Soviet Union can never be a party to the Treaty, and material breach gives no rights to non-parties.· If a Protocol party acts in material breach of the Protocol, who has the right of termination or suspension? ► change· Target business to be run in ordinary course up to completion with no material changes in trading performance or net assets.· Such language suggests that the riots were less about forcing material change than about making symbolic gestures.· Again material changes stimulated the new thinking just as much as the perceived inadequacies of existing theory.· Running alongside these personal connections, however, were material changes affecting these societies during the late nineteenth century.· Clearly in such circumstances there appears to be a material change of use. ► circumstances· The contents of the racist pathology and the material circumstances to which it can be made to correspond are thus left untouched.· His material Circumstances determined much of his essential nature.· Do they operate independently of the economic and material circumstances in which individuals are placed?· However, material circumstances on their own do not account fully for changes in co-residence.· Moreover, abortion as a method allowed decision making to be delayed until material circumstances could be assessed.· The explanation is better sought in the specific social and material circumstances and their articulation with political and ideological structures.· It is frightening, a triumph of the will over material circumstances. ► comfort· The unworldly, peace-loving doctor, oblivious of both material comfort and public opinion, is in some respects a self-portrait.· He wanted to enjoy this lull and the reasonable material comfort. ► culture· The other grave goods provide what little evidence we have for the economic basis and material culture of its population.· But energies are also expended on devices intended for introduction into the material culture of the host society.· Distinction does not provide a theory of either consumption or material culture as the form of modern culture.· Within anthropology, there has always been a tradition seeking to locate underlying and generalizable processes and patterns in material culture studies.· So far as material culture is concerned, the Siberian peoples fell into two main categories. ► evidence· The material evidence of the archaeological record has been lying around for a long time. ► existence· What mathematicians want from infinitesimals is not material existence but rather the right to use them in proofs.· Can there be any spiritual reality transcending this material existence? ► fact· The omission of a material fact only involves an offence where that fact was concealed with dishonest intention.· But the material facts themselves - the evidence - do not show us their causes, for which we need theories.· It is a mystic power not of the world of material facts, a divine gift in compensation for our ephemeral life.· Nevertheless, the material fact is, of course, that capital has largely abandoned these inner urban areas.· Was there any contractual duty on the defendants to disclose this material fact to the plaintiff? ► form· The material form of the surplus-product has an important bearing upon this.· Selfhood, in other words, has individual identity only as it exists in material form. ► gain· So, although a rich source of status and prestige, athletics could not compare with professional sport in terms of material gain.· In middle age a nation seeks safety and consolidation of material gain.· The party is an instrument of material gain. ► goods· Government jobs and the opportunities which association with the government gives allow them the possibility of accumulating material goods.· Psychologists say that work helps us meet our needs for food, shelter, and material goods.· In the purchase of material goods, issues of quantity, quality, price and delivery are crucial in several respects.· Their food, dress and material goods encompassed all the richness and variety society could provide.· The production of material goods is the primary activity of humans, and it must come before all other activities.· All they live for, the only thing they care about, is material goods.· Soon it was not enough to demonstrate your success in life by the acquisition of material goods.· The relative paucity of material goods owned by Corpsmen is, in terms of transcultural perception, a complicating factor. ► information· Confer with clients on any material information received but not in a way that confuses them. 7. ► interest· This struggle revolves around opposing material interests of competing classes and groups in all countries.· Their limited national horizons and bureaucratic rivalries and material interests preclude it.· No Director has or had during the period any material interest in any contract of significance to the Company's business.· It leaves out place and circumstance, the powerful and unconscious drive of material interests and class identity. ► life· Inequalities in material life-chances are fundamental; status differences and differences in political influence tend to be dependent on material life chances.· The problems of housekeeping and material life occupied a certain portion of each day.· The mode of production of material life conditions the social, political, and intellectual life process in general.· At any given moment, its material life has been dominated by particular centres of privilege and influence. ► need· You are likely to secure the material needs and objects you desire.· Led by some bishops, we have replaced spirituality with an amorphous concern for the material needs of others.· He lists expression of love through words, touch, spending time together, providing material needs and many others.· None of this material need in my opinion be disclosed to the prisoner. ► object· It may take the form of a material object.· Newton gave three laws governing the behaviour of material objects.· The concept of mind is such that we should not wonder how material objects can be present to it.· To Aristotle the spheres were truly material objects, crystalline shells that surrounded and carried one another along.· And so there is psychokinesis, mind acting upon a material object, namely brain cells.· The sign consists of the signifier, the material object, and the signified, which is its meaning.· Klein is not the only psychoanalyst to have commented upon the place of material objects in play. ► possession· We think of the desert of modern life with the concentration on material possessions and its resultant poverty.· Society is composed of many different groups, which are unequal in power, status, and material possessions.· We realize that the spiritual life matters infinitely more than all the material possessions or human status we once may have enjoyed.· Individual achievement is often symbolized and measured by the quality and quantity of material possessions that a person can accumulate.· In the West, the value of materialism motivates individuals to invest time and energy producing and acquiring material possessions.· So great is the lure of material possessions!· If the Monster's lust for what is mine ended there, with my material possessions, I could stand it. ► progress· This time, material progress did not serve the cause of the Church. ► prosperity· They are the generators of the material prosperity which is now taken for granted in the West.· This suggests that in some circumstances material prosperity may increase without cultural patterns changing markedly.· Such marginalization of older people was accompanied by increasing material prosperity and political activism.· Yet material prosperity is in no way guaranteed.· There is, in other words, plenty of evidence of poverty indicated by the traditional markers of lack of material prosperity.· Meanwhile Europhiles delude themselves that material prosperity attributable to membership can move emotions. ► reality· But most of those who thought there was a material reality were not uncompromising materialists of a Hobbesian sort.· Art, they say, is beauty, and beauty is truth in its material reality. ► reward· Finally, the satisfaction of the job is regarded by sentimental observers as sufficient compensation for the lack of material rewards.· Just as material rewards are disappearing, job security is barely a memory and company loyalty a psychic fossil.· The bureaucracy enjoys more material rewards and privileges than other sectors of society.· The data showed that information specialists' actions were often impelled not simply by material rewards or to avoid punishment.· But to attempt to implement such principles in society as a whole will be disastrous unless people are seriously interested in material reward. ► success· We often speak of climbing the ladder don't we when it comes to the world of work or material success.· Economics is, of course, crucial to material success. ► support· They are entitled to expect all the necessary encouragement, and legal and material support from the Government.· Practical and material support linked to helping interventions.· The movement seems to have substantial sums of money, but I saw no sign of material support. ► things· Yet covetousness goes farther than material things alone.· After they want those material things, they want their health.· We are justified in using it for a quality of material things only if the quality is like the bodily sensation.· Triangles are not material things, but shapes which material things can have.· For Hegel, material things were less real than ideas.· Triangles are not material things, but shapes which material things can have.· Materialism says that the only things that exist are material things in space. ► wealth· For centuries, material wealth and abundance has been seen as incompatible with spiritual growth.· Studies and statistics underline the fact: 200 large-scale enterprises control about half the fabulous material wealth of the United States.· At the same it reveals a society rich in material wealth.· In particular, a tax on the transfer of material wealth may well make other forms of transfer more attractive.· Food was in short supply, of course, and there were few signs of any material wealth at all.· True, education is often also useful in its results - useful in the sense of promoting the creation of material wealth. ► world· For Marx the material world is the ultimate reality.· In the material world they share telephone and mailing lists all the time.· His followers are to trust in the goodness and providence of their heavenly father and abandon their care about the material world.· Flash heat, volcanism, lightning, wind, and waves all renew the material world.· Such scientists refuse to admit that here they are dealing with another level or scale of being in the material world.· That meant he could project his spirit as he slept, and wander the material world and even the spirit lands.· Malebranche makes the material world not just a bare possibility but a redundant one too. PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► the material world Word family
WORD FAMILYnounmaterialmaterialismmaterialistmaterialsmaterializationadjectivematerialimmaterialmaterialisticmaterialistadverbmaterialisticallymateriallyverbmaterialize 1relating to your money, possessions, living conditions etc, rather than the needs of your mind or soul OPP spiritualmaterial goods/possessions/wealth etc The spiritual life is more important than material possessions. a society that places high importance on material rewards2relating to the real world and physical objects, rather than religious or spiritual things OPP spiritual: According to some, the material world is all that exists.3law important and needing to be considered when making a decision OPP irrelevant: material evidencematerial to facts material to the investigation4 formal important and having a noticeable effect OPP immaterial: material changes to the schedule → materially |
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