单词 | within |
释义 | withinwith‧in /wɪðˈɪn $ wɪðˈɪn, wɪθˈɪn/ ●●● S1 W1 preposition, adverb Word Origin WORD ORIGINwithin ExamplesOrigin: Old English withinnanEXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
THESAURUS► after Collocations preposition after something happens, or after a period of time has passed. After is used especially when talking about the past: · We went for a walk after lunch.· After an hour, we got tired of waiting and went home.· They got married just after Christmas. ► in preposition after a particular period of time. In is used especially when talking about the future, especially the next few minutes, hours, days etc: · The concert’s due to start in a few minutes.· I’ll come back in an hour.· In a few years’ time, this place will look completely different. ► within preposition after less than a month, two weeks etc has passed – used especially when the time seems surprisingly short: within a month/two weeks etc: · He developed a headache at lunchtime, and within two hours he was dead.· Within two days of arriving she had managed to upset everyone. ► 24 hours/a year etc from now at a time 24 hours, a year etc after now: · A week from now we’ll be in Paris. ► afterwards (also afterward especially American English) adverb after an event or time you have mentioned: · Jones admitted afterwards that she had been very nervous during the game.· Speaking to reporters afterward, he said the operation had been a success.· He moved to Belgium, and soon afterwards he met Angela. ► later adverb some time after now or after the time you are talking about: · I’ll tell you about it later when I’m less busy.two months/three years etc later: · James went off, and came back ten minutes later with some food. ► subsequently adverb formal after something had happened in the past: · The book was published in 1954 and was subsequently translated into fifteen languages. ► during at one point in a period of time, or through the whole of a period of time: · Did you hear the storm during the night?· During the summer we spend a lot more time out of doors. ► all through (also throughout) during all of a period of time: · The cafe’s closed all through the winter and opens again in April.· Throughout her career she has worked hard and achieved the highest standards. ► over at one point or at various different points during a period of time: · I’m going to redecorate my bedroom over the holidays.· She’s been a great help to me over the past year. ► in the course of something formal during a particular process or period of time: · In the course of the study we consulted with leading experts in global warming.· Many factors control the rise and fall of a species in the course of evolution.· There was huge social change in the course of the 1960s. ► within during a period of time, or before the end of a period – used when you want to emphasize that it is a short or limited period: · There have been five serious accidents within the last few days.· Payment must be made within 30 days.· If we are inviting you for an interview, you will receive a letter within 14 days. Longman Language Activatorafter a particular period of time has passed► after: after a week/several hours/a long time/a while etc after a period of time has passed: · After half an hour we got tired of waiting and went home.· At first I was very nervous, but after a while I began to feel more confident.after a week/a year etc of (doing) something: · The war ended after another six months of fighting. ► within: within a month/two weeks/a year etc less than a month etc after something happens, especially when this is an unusually short time: · He was bitten by a snake. Within three hours he was dead.· The fire alarm went off and within minutes the building had been cleared.within a month/a few days etc of doing something: · Within six years of joining the company he was Managing Director.within a short period/spaceBritish of time (= surprisingly quickly): · Within a short space of time, Gerry had managed to offend everyone in the group. ► in: in a minute/a few hours/a month etc a minute, a few hours after the present time: · She'll be here in a few minutes.· I'll see you again in a day or two.in an hour's time/a few minutes' etc time: · In a few weeks' time I'll be off to university. ► from now: 24 hours/a week/six months/100 years from now at a future time 24 hours, six months etc from now: · A week from now we will be in Paris.· What do you think you'll be doing six months from now?· Four hundred years from now people will still be listening to Mozart . during► during at one point in a period of time, or through the whole of a period of time: · Terry's work has improved a lot during the last three months.· Henry died during the night.· During the summer we spend a lot more time out of doors.· At some time during the weekend someone broke into the building.· This place was an air-raid shelter during the war. ► in between the beginning and end of a period of time: · The long vacation is in August.· In the last six years, Carol has moved three times.· In 1982 Paget was living in Geneva.· I always feel drowsy early in the morning. ► within during a period of time or before the end of a period - use this to emphasize that it is a short or limited period of time: · There have been five serious accidents within the last few days.· If we do not hear from you within 14 days, we will contact our solicitors. ► through during the whole of a period of time, continuing until the end: · The party continued through the night until dawn.· We'll have to see how he copes through the next couple of months. ► all through/throughout through - use this to emphasize that something continues from the beginning to the end of a long period: · It's closed all through the winter, and opens again in April.· Throughout her career she has worked hard and maintained high standards. ► over during a particular period of time: · She's been a great help to me over the past year.· They plan to redecorate their house over the Christmas period.· They met in 1962 and wrote each other several letters over the next few years. ► in the course of/during the course of formal during a process or particular period of time: · In the course of a few years, Lambert built up a highly successful export business.· We expect to see some important political developments during the course of the next week or two. ► by day/by night if you do something by day or by night you do it during the day or night: · By day they relied on the sun for direction, and by night they followed the stars.· By day he works at a construction company, but by night he's a bartender.· They attacked by night, hoping to surprise their enemy. when you can hear something or someone► can hear · You don't have to shout, I can hear you!· The explosion could be heard over 10 miles away.· Can you hear all right or do you want me to turn the television up?can hear somebody/something doing something · We knew he was asleep because we could hear him snoring.can hear what somebody says · Could you hear what she was saying? ► can make out if you can make out what someone is saying, you can hear them but it is difficult: · She was crying and the only thing I could make out was Lou's name.· Sarah spoke so softly that Kathryn could hardly make out her words.· Now and then I could just make out George's voice above the music.· I could make out the sound of thunder in the distance. ► audible loud enough to be heard: · The signal is clearly audible up to 200 miles away.· When the engine finally started she gave an audible sigh of relief.barely audible (=almost not audible): · His voice was barely audible above the noise of the generator. ► within earshot if you are within earshot , you are near enough to someone to be able to hear what they are saying: · You can play anywhere on the beach as long as you stay within earshot.within earshot of: · Two of the shop assistants were complaining loudly within earshot of the customers. ► carry if a sound carries , it can be heard a long distance away from where the sound was made: · Deeper sounds carry further than high-pitched ones.carry across/down/through etc something: · Their voices carried across the lake to where we were sitting. in a town, country, or area► in · My husband hates driving in London.· Everyone in town knew Archie.· The company's Spanish subsidiary is based in Madrid.· There are many different species of wild cat in Africa and Asia. ► inside use this to emphasize that something is happening in a country or area, or is only known about by people in a country or area: · Enemy troops are now three miles inside their territory.· We in the West knew little about events inside Northern Korea.· The guerrillas were said to be operating from bases inside the country. ► within inside the borders or limits of an area: · Children must remain within the school grounds during the lunch break.· If the ball lands within the white lines it counts as a fair serve. ► internal happening inside a country - use this especially to say that other countries should not become involved: · Russia faces many internal problems, for example inflation.· The US was accused of interfering in the internal affairs of the country. in a company, organization, or group► in · Homelessness is a major problem in society today.· The mood in the Republican Party is one of optimism.· Some analysts in Wall Street are predicting that the company will merge with a rival firm. ► inside in an organization or company - use this to emphasize that something is happening or is known about only in that organization and outside it: · From inside, the company seems less successful.· A struggle is going on inside the party between the moderates and the right wing. ► within existing or happening in a group, organization etc, not outside it: · The landowners have always regarded themselves as an elite group within society.· Different factions within the party are fighting for overall control.· Violence within the family is often alcohol-related. ► internal an internal activity, problem, plan etc is one that concerns only those people who are inside a company or organization but not anyone outside it: · Many companies use the program for internal accounting purposes.· After the accident, NASA conducted an internal investigation.· In November the directors wrote an internal memorandum suggesting that the company should close down three of its factories. ► in-house in-house training etc is carried out within a company; in-house employees work for one employer on a permanent basis: · Many companies run in-house management courses for their staff.· All our artwork is done by in-house designers; we don't normally use freelance people. ► insider someone who has special knowledge about a company, organization, or group, because they belong to it or have close connections with it: · Insiders have been predicting that the company would be involved in a takeover bid for some time.· Political insiders believe Republicans won't gain control of the Senate.insider trading (=using special knowledge about what is happening inside a company): · Several people went to prison after the investigation into insider trading. allowed by law► legal something that is legal is allowed by law: · This trade in foreign currency is perfectly legal.become legal: · Divorce finally became legal in 1992.· Over 3,000 gay couples have married since it became legal for them to do so last year. legal tender (=forms of money that are legally accepted): · In Maastricht, Dutch Guilders, Deutschmarks and Belgian Francs are all considered legal tender. ► lawful formal actions or methods that are lawful are allowed by law, especially as compared with actions or methods that are not legal: · Protesters must only use lawful methods of opposing the government.it is lawful to do something: · It is lawful to employ someone under the age of sixteen if their parents agree.· The FBI will use all reasonable and lawful means to gather intelligence information.· 'Do you take this woman to be your lawful wedded wife?' intoned the priest. 'I do,' murmured Carlos. ► legitimate legitimate activities, organizations, or claims are done or work according to, normal laws and rules: · He is a criminal who runs a legitimate business as well.· Tobacco smuggling into the UK is seriously affecting the profits of legitimate importers.· How can I be sure that an on-line business is legitimate?· At least three of the dead woman's relatives have a legitimate claim to her house.· The government has refused to recognise the far-right group as a legitimate political party. ► above board an activity or a way of doing business that is above board is done legally, even if it may seem slightly dishonest: · He assured us that the insurance claim was honest and above board, but I'm not so sure.· I'm sure Peggy wouldn't let anything happen that wasn't perfectly open and above board. ► within the law: act/keep/stay/remain/operate within the law to make sure that what you do is legal: · He makes tough business deals, but he makes sure he always stays within the law.· Security forces must not only act within the law, but must be seen to do so.· Building contractors must operate within the law by ensuring that an acceptable standard of work is carried out. ► legality formal whether something is legal or not: the legality of something: · The European Court will decide on the legality of his claim.· The union immediately challenged the legality of the decision.be of dubious/questionable/uncertain legality (=when it is not clear whether something is legal or not): · The Appeal Court judge said that his conviction was of dubious legality.· This was the first of several actions that were of questionable legality, and which eventually led to his resignation. less than a number or amount► less than · Some of the miners were earning less than $2 an hour.· There she was, less than ten feet away from me, walking past with the other guests of honour.for less than · The average income here is far less than the national average. ► under less than a particular age, price, amount, or number: · Children under 16 will not be admitted without an adult.· Where can you get a meal for under $5?well under: · The stock market's highest point this week was well under what was predicted. ► below less than a particular temperature, speed, limit, or level: · At night, the temperature is often below freezing.fall below something (=become less than): · The inflation rate has fallen below 6%.far/well below: · The school's test scores are far below average. ► lower a lower figure, amount, rate, level etc is less than the one you have already mentioned: · They rejected our estimate and suggested a lower figure.· There's no doubt that lower energy prices are having some short-term impact on the stock market.lower than: · The divorce rate in Japan is much lower than in the U.S. ► within at some point that is less than a particular period of time, distance, or limit: · The top prize is a trip to Hawaii, which must be taken within a year of the prize drawing.· Pupils living within two miles of the school are expected to pay their own bus fares. ► minus: minus five/ten/twenty etc use this about numbers that are less than zero or temperatures that are below zero degrees: · When we take away points for hitting obstacles, you get a final score of minus seven.· Tonight's low temperatures could reach minus twenty degrees in some areas. to put a limit on something► limit to stop a number or amount from becoming too large, or stop someone from doing whatever they want: · The new law limits the number of foreign cars that can be imported.· Men hold most of the top jobs, and this limits women's opportunities for promotion.limit somebody/something to something: · Let's limit our discussion to the facts in the report.limit yourself to something: · As you look for material to write about, don't limit yourself to other people's ideas. ► restrict to strictly control and limit the size, amount, or range of something: · The law would restrict the sale of handguns.restrict somebody/something to something: · This year's AIDS conference is restricted in size to fewer than 3,000 participants.restrict yourself to something: · McGregor has said he will voluntarily restrict himself to $2.2 million in campaign spending. ► set/impose/put a limit to control the size or amount of something, or to control an activity, by deciding what the limits of it will be: set/impose/put a limit on: · Governments should put strict limits on tobacco advertising.· The courts have imposed limits on school officials' power to dismiss teachers.set/impose a limit of something: · The president set a time limit of 6 months for the negotiations to produce an agreement.set/impose a limit: · Parents need to know when to set limits for their children's behavior. ► keep to/keep within if you keep to or keep within the limits of something, you make yourself stay within those limits: · We need to keep to the schedule if we're going to finish on time.· Keep within the speed limit and you should have no problems. ► confine to keep something within the limits of a particular activity or subject, especially when it is difficult for you to do this: confine somebody/something to something: · Rebel troops have confined their attacks mainly to the southern part of the country.confine yourself to something: · The report confines itself to known and verifiable facts. ► fix to decide on the limit of something, especially something that often changes, and make it stay the same for a long time: · Interest rates for savings accounts have been fixed at 7% for the rest of the year.· The project has finally been approved and the budget has been fixed. near enough to pick up/touch/hit► handy if something is handy , it is near enough for you to pick up and use quickly and easily: keep/have something handy: · Make sure you keep your passport and ticket handy.· A lot of people in the States have a gun handy at night and when they travel. ► within reach if something is within reach , it is near enough for you to take hold of or touch when you stretch out your hand: · As soon as she was within reach he grabbed her wrist.within easy reach: · Roy pulled the ashtray towards him so that it was within easy reach.within somebody's reach: · At this exploratory stage, small children will want to touch anything you leave within their reach. ► within range if something is within range , it is near enough for you to attack it or for a weapon to reach it: · Once its prey is within range, the snake's head shoots forward to attack.within range of: · The village is well within range of the rockets which are being fired.come within range of something: · A day later, the "Tiger" convoy came within range of air attack. ► point-blank a gun fired point-blank is fired very close to the person or thing it is aimed at: · The men broke into the building at the dead of night, and shot their victims point-blank as they slept. easy to get to► within walking/driving etc distance if a place is within walking distance , it is not far away, and you can walk there easily: · There are several good restaurants within walking distance.within walking/driving etc distance of: · Dr Goldthorpe lived within walking distance of the University.within easy walking etc distance (of something): · Fortunately the house that we were renting was within easy driving distance of the shops. ► within reach near enough to a town or place for you to get there without too much difficulty: within reach of: · It was just lucky that we were within reach of a hospital.within easy reach (=near enough to get to easily): · Around Salzburg there are literally dozens of exciting places to visit -- all within easy reach. ► convenient/handy for something British also convenient to something American if your home, office etc is convenient for or handy for a particular place, that place is near it and easy to reach: · The place where we live now is very convenient for the school - it's only a couple of minutes on foot.· My husband works in London so we're looking for a house that's handy for the station. · We found an apartment convenient to campus and public transportation. ► around the corner also round the corner British not far away, especially in the streets of a town: · "Is there a bank near here?" "Sure, it's just around the corner."· She won't be long, she's only gone round the corner.around the corner from: · We met in a bar just around the corner from my apartment. ► be close at hand if a building or person is close at hand , they are very near and therefore available in case you need them: · The Exhibition Centre is a great day out, with plenty of parking and all the attractions of Manchester close at hand.· I'm very glad that, when my children were small, my mother was always close at hand. ► it's no distance if you say it's no distance , you mean that a place is not far away and is therefore easy to get to: · We come up here regularly from London; it's no distance. it's no distance from: · It's no distance from here to Fifth Avenue. We can easily walk it. ► be a stone's throw from if one place is a stone's throw from another place, it is only a very short distance from it, so that it is easy to get to: · I was born in Wembley, a stone's throw from the football stadium!only a stone's throw from something: · Stanford Hospital is only a stone's throw from where I live.within a stone's throw of something: · The river's within a stone's throw of our apartment - we can see it from the window. decisions/plans/ideas/actions► sensible a sensible decision, idea, plan etc is likely to have good results because it is based on good, practical reasons: · He gave me some very sensible advice.· If anyone has any sensible suggestions as to how to deal with this, please let me know.it is sensible to do something: · It would have been more sensible to save the money than to spend it all on clothes.the sensible thing to do (=used to give advice): · The sensible thing to do would be to rest until you feel better. ► make sense especially spoken if something makes sense , it seems a very sensible thing to do: · There are parts of the plan that simply don't make sense.it makes sense (for somebody) to do something: · It made sense for Sam to live nearer the college.· It may not make sense to rebuild the houses damaged by the floods. ► be a good idea especially spoken to seem to be the right and sensible thing to do: · Yes, I think a short meeting this afternoon would be a good idea.· "Should I phone him?" "I don't think that's a good idea."it's a good idea to do something: · It's a good idea to tell a friend if you are going on a date with someone you don't know well. ► reasonable a reasonable idea, request, action etc seems sensible and fair, and you can understand the reasons for it: · I thought her request for more information was reasonable, but it was refused.· I'll go along with any reasonable plan.it is reasonable to assume/believe/suppose: · It's reasonable to assume that most prices will go up again. ► rational based on facts and intelligent thinking, and not influenced by feelings or the imagination: · Education helps us to make rational decisions.· People's behaviour isn't always purely rational. ► practical/realistic based on a good understanding of what is or is not possible: · The city authorities are trying to work out a practical solution to the problem of homelessness.· Starting my own business isn't a very realistic idea at the moment.· If you want to sell your home, be realistic about the price. ► pragmatic based on facts and what is likely to really succeed, but not always considering other things such as people's feelings, or attempting anything more exciting or risky: · Pragmatic considerations led the government to abandon pure Marxist policies.· We need a pragmatic approach to sex education in schools. ► logical a logical action or decision seems to be clearly the right thing to do, because it is based on thinking intelligently about all the facts of a situation, and not based on feelings or emotions: · As I wanted to travel to other countries, studying languages was the logical choice.· This is the logical place to build a new airport.· It seemed logical to start by visiting the scene of the crime. ► wise a wise decision or action is based on good judgement and on your experience of life: · "I've decided to apply for that job." "I think that's a very wise decision."· a wise investmentit is wise (for somebody) to do something: · He thought it might be wise not to tell her what had happened.· Do you think it's wise for him to travel alone? ► within reason according to what is generally accepted as being sensible and reasonable and no more: · Children should, within reason, be able to experiment with many different activities.· Within reason, the city does what it can to prevent traffic accidents. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY► within easy reach of Phrases We live within easy reach of (=close to) the shops. ► within reach Adjust the driver’s seat so that all the controls are within reach (=close enough to touch). ► within sight/earshot (of something) (=close enough to see or hear) As she came within sight of the house, she saw two men getting out of a car. ► apply/enquire within (=used on notices on the outside of buildings) Baby rabbits for sale. Enquire within. ► from within an attempt to reform the system from within ► within reason You can go anywhere you want within reason (=within reasonable limits). COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► came within an ace of The team came within an ace of winning the championship. ► fall within the ambit of something areas falling within the ambit of our research ► be within/beyond the bounds of possibility (=be possible/not possible) It was not beyond the bounds of possibility that they could meet again. ► keep within a budget (=spend only the money that is available)· Further cuts are needed in order to keep within the budget. ► within (easy) walking distance (=near enough to walk to easily)· There are lots of restaurants within walking distance. ► within travelling/commuting/driving distance of something (=near enough to make travel to or from a place possible)· The job was not within travelling distance of my home. ► within striking distance of something (=not far from something, especially something you are going to attack)· Their troops had advanced to within striking distance of the town. ► within spitting distance informal (=very near something)· The ball passed within spitting distance of the goal. ► outside/within the domain of something/somebody This problem is outside the domain of medical science. ► within easy reach The station is within easy reach of (=close to) the town centre. ► within easy ... distance The park is within easy walking distance (=close enough to walk to). ► within inches On several occasions, they came within inches of death. ► stay/act within the law (=not do illegal things)· The security forces must act within the law. ► panic rises within somebody (=someone starts to feel panic)· She felt panic rising within her. ► within a 10-mile/200-metre etc radius There are more than a dozen golf courses within a 15-mile radius of St Andrews. ► be within/outside somebody’s remit Marketing is outside our remit. ► come/fall within the scope of something (=be included in it)· Banks and building societies fall within the scope of the new legislation. ► within (easy) walking distance (of something) (=near enough to be able to walk to) There are plenty of bars and restaurants within walking distance of the hotel. PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► within an ace of (doing) something 1a)before a certain period of time has passed: We should have the test results back within 24 hours. He fell sick and died within a matter of weeks. Within an hour of our arrival Caroline was starting to complain. b)during a certain period of time: the enormous success of televised sport within the last twenty years Within the space of a year, three of the town’s factories have closed down.► see thesaurus at after, during2less than a certain distance from a particular place: The invading troops came within 50 miles of Paris. Within a five mile radius of Ollerton there are several pubs and restaurants. We live within easy reach of (=close to) the shops. Adjust the driver’s seat so that all the controls are within reach (=close enough to touch).within sight/earshot (of something) (=close enough to see or hear) As she came within sight of the house, she saw two men getting out of a car.3inside a particular building or area OPP outside: Prisoners who died were buried within the walls of the prison. public footpaths within the national park The rooms within were richly furnished.apply/enquire within (=used on notices on the outside of buildings) Baby rabbits for sale. Enquire within.4inside a society, organization, or group of people OPP outside: There have been a lot of changes within the department since I joined. an attempt to reform the system from within5if something stays within a particular limit or set of rules, it does not go beyond that limit: We have to operate within a very tight budget. Security firms have to work strictly within the law. You can go anywhere you want within reason (=within reasonable limits).6literary or formal inside a person’s body or mind OPP outside: Elaine felt a pain deep within her. I’m feeling more relaxed within myself.
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