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单词 probability
释义
probabilityprob‧a‧bil‧i‧ty /ˌprɒbəˈbɪləti $ ˌprɑː-/ ●●○ noun Examples
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
  • Genetic tests show a 99.4 percent probability that Hill is the child's father.
  • The probability of catching the disease from your partner is extremely low.
  • There is a 90% probability that the hurricane will hit the coast of Florida later today.
  • There is a strong probability that the problem will recur if we do not deal with it now.
  • War is a real probability.
  • We must increase our efforts to reduce the probability of such an accident happening again.
EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS
  • Children with formal operations typically respond to this kind of problem with responses based on probability.
  • Citing mathematical probabilities clearly does not establish the nonexistence of extraterrestrial being.
  • Most students need probability and statistics more than they need calculus.
  • They have rewritten the record books, stormed the male bastion of Grandmaster chess, and defied the laws of probability.
  • They have shown that certain approaches have a high probability of success, while others, a high probability of failure.
  • We talk, therefore, of probabilities or outcomes provided circumstances do not change.
  • What about measures based on odds rather than probabilities?
Thesaurus
Longman Language Activatorhow likely it is that something will happen
: likelihood of · As you get older, the likelihood of illness increases.· Studies have shown that there is a greater likelihood of teenagers having car accidents.likelihood (that) · There is little likelihood that the number of college places will go up this year.
how likely it is that something will happen - use this especially about situations where you can calculate fairly exactly how likely something is: probability of: · The probability of catching the disease from your partner is extremely low.· We must increase our efforts to reduce the probability of such an accident happening again.probability (that): · There is a 90% probability that the hurricane will hit the coast of Florida later today.a strong probability: · There is a strong probability that the problem will recur if we do not deal with it now.
the chance that something you hope for will happen soon: prospect for: · The prospects for peace are improving.no/little prospect of (doing) something: · He had no job and no prospect of getting one.there is every prospect of something (=it is very likely): · There is every prospect of an economic recovery next year.
how likely it is that something you hope for will actually happen: chances of (doing) something: · The new treatment will increase her chances of survival.· For these men the chances of getting another job are not very high.what are the chances...?: · What are the chances of that happening twice in one month?chances are (that)... (=it is likely that): · If you eat a balanced, low-fat diet, chances are your arteries will be healthy.
how likely it is that something will happen, especially when this can be stated in numbers: odds in favour of: · The odds in favour of a win for the Russian team are around 10 to 1.odds of: · If you are male, the odds are about 1 in 12 of being colourblind.odds against: · The odds against being killed in a plane crash are very high.
very likely to happen or be true
· An early end to the dispute is now very likely.· "Do you think she's still in love with him?" "More than likely."· Victory for the German team now seems more than likely.very likely/more than likely to do something · Snow is very likely to spread across the region by the afternoon.it's very likely (that) · It's very likely that he'll be late -- he usually is.
especially written · The number of dead will very probably reach 2,000 by the end of the day.· The disease is very probably transmitted in water.
extremely likely to happen or be true: it is almost certain (that): · It is almost certain that the government will lose the next election.almost certain to do something: · Bartholomew's family is almost certain to appeal the court's decision.
very probably - use this when you have considered something and you are giving your opinion about it: · In all probability, parts of the church date from even earlier than the twelfth century.· She knew that, in all probability, he was seeing other women as well as herself.
spoken say this when you think it is extremely likely that something will happen or has happened: (it's)ten to one (that): · Stop worrying, Mum. Ten to one Liz has just gone round to a friend's house.· It's ten to one you'll get the job - you're perfect for it.
WORD SETS
abacus, nounalgebra, nounangle, nounarc, nounarea, nounarithmetic, nounarithmetic, adjectivearithmetic progression, nounaxis, nounbar chart, nounbar graph, nounbase, nounbinomial, nounbisect, verbBoolean, adjectiveC, nouncalculator, nouncalculus, nouncanonical, adjectivechord, nouncipher, nouncircumference, nouncircumscribe, verbcompass, nouncomplementary, adjectivecomputation, nouncompute, verbconcentric, adjectivecone, nouncongruent, adjectiveconical, adjectiveconstant, nouncontain, verbcoordinate, nouncoordinate, adjectivecos, cosine, nouncube, nouncubic, adjectivecurvature, nouncurve, nouncut, verbdeci-, prefixdeviation, noundiagonal, adjectivediameter, noundifferential calculus, noundigit, noundimension, noundomain, nouneccentric, adjectiveellipse, nounelliptical, adjectiveequal, adjectiveequal, verbequals sign, nounequation, nounequilateral triangle, nounexponential, adjectiveexpress, verbexpression, nounface, nounfigure, nounflow chart, nounformula, nounfraction, nounfractional, adjectivefunction, noungeometric, adjectivegeometry, noungraph, noungraphically, adverbgraph paper, noungrid, nounHCF, helix, nounheptagon, nounhexagon, nounhistogram, nounhypotenuse, nounimperial, adjectiveimproper fraction, nouninfinity, nouninformation theory, nouninnumerate, adjectiveinto, prepositioninverse, adjectiveisosceles triangle, nounline graph, log, nounlogarithm, nounlong division, nounlozenge, nounmath, nounmathematical, adjectivemathematician, nounmathematics, nounmatrix, nounmean, adjectivemedian, nounmedian, adjectivemetric, adjectiveminus, prepositionminus, nounminus, adjectiveminus sign, nounminute, nounmultiplication, nounmultiplication sign, nounmultiplication table, nounmultiply, verbN, nounnumber, nounnumerate, adjectivenumeration, nounoblong, adjectiveobtuse angle, nounoctagon, nounoval, nounparabola, nounparallel, adjectiveparallelogram, nounpentagon, nounpercentage, nounperimeter, nounperpendicular, nounpi, nounpictogram, nounpie chart, nounplane, nounplane geometry, nounplus, prepositionplus, nounplus, adjectiveplus sign, nounpolygon, nounpolyhedron, nounpower, nounprism, nounprobability, nounproof, nounproportion, nounproposition, nounprotractor, nounquadrangle, nounquadrant, nounquadratic equation, nounquadri-, prefixquadrilateral, nounradius, nounratio, nounrectangle, nounrectilinear, adjectiverecur, verbrhombus, nounright angle, nounright-angled triangle, nounroot, nounruler, nounscale, nounscalene triangle, nounscatter diagram, section, nounsegment, nounsemicircle, nounset square, nounsine, nounslide rule, nounsolid, adjectivesolid, nounsolution, nounsolve, verbsphere, nounsquare, adjectivesquare, nounsquare, verbsquare, adverbsquarely, adverbsquare root, nounsubset, nounsubtract, verbsubtraction, nounsum, nounsurface area, nounsymmetrical, adjectivesymmetry, nountangent, nounterm, nountheorem, nounthreefold, adjectivetimes, prepositiontrapezium, nountriangle, nountrigonometry, nountwo-dimensional, adjectivevalue, nounvariable, nounvector, nounVenn diagram, nounvertex, nounvertical, adjectivevolume, nounwork, verbX, nounx-axis, nouny-axis, noun
Collocations
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYadjectives
· This method of treatment has a high probability of success.
· The probability of being struck by lightning is pretty low.
(=a high probability)· There is a strong probability that the letter has been destroyed.
· Each new baby has an approximately equal probability of inheriting maleness or femaleness.
· The statistical probability of a plane crash is increasing.
phrases
(=considering the probability of two or more events)· A decision about removing a child from its parents is made on the balance of probabilities.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE
· Those studies specified and estimated the conditional probability of leaving unemployment.· The conditional probability of leaving the spell is also very small for men aged 55 and over compared to teenage men.
· The less compatible a pair the greater the probability that their relationship will regress in the presence of another animal.· The closer one is to a second language group, either socially or psychologically, the greater the probability of adequate learning.· But we have a greater probability that we shall self-destruct.· Intuitively, any wage increase reduced employment and all workers therefore face a greater probability of being unemployed.
· Even when the correct word was given a high probability, there were many other words with an equally high probability.· Does he need a home run so bad that he should risk the high probability of a strikeout?· Even when the correct word was given a high probability, there were many other words with an equally high probability.· They have shown that certain approaches have a high probability of success, while others, a high probability of failure.· Wycliffe thought they would be pretty high, so probability favoured a link.· They have shown that certain approaches have a high probability of success, while others, a high probability of failure.· Also there is a high probability that your holiday meals were lower in roughage than your own regime at home.· The more evidence, the more acceptable it is and the higher the probability of truth.
· Speed up in the parsing process can then be achieved by eliminating low probability parses. 5.8.· These are then sub-divided into high, reasonable and low probability.· Transitions or changes which have a notably high or low probability can be identified, as reasons for their prominence sought.
· The equivalent statistical probabilities for the proven component of proven and probable reserves are 90 percent and 10 percent respectively.· Does it depend on the statistical probability of a crash?· That is, the position of a particle could not be defined with absolute certainty, but only by statistical probability.· The extremes of a statistical distribution represent unpredictably rare individual events, which have very low values of statistical probability.
· There is a strong probability, had such evidence been given, that the government would have been gravely embarrassed.· One can speak here only of strong probability, not of absolute certainty.
· However, a knowledge of pair-wise transitional probability is often insufficient to select the target word string.· All permutations of transitional probabilities arising out of the character recognition are calculated to give an associated probability for a given string.
NOUN
· The concept of correlations, like that of probability distributions, can be extended to higher orders, by defining quantities such as.· This is extended so that for any given phrase there is a probability distribution over the objects that can be the immediate constituents.· This allows the map data to be replaced by probability distributions of known form and parameters.· Similarly there is also a probability distribution over the ordering of items in a phrase.· It is often easier to assess a continuous probability distribution than a set of specific values.· Instead, both position and velocity would have to be smeared out with some probability distribution around the nucleus.
· Each combination was given a probability score based on its occurrence in a large corpus.· The probability score can also improve the efficiency of the parsing algorithm by pruning out low-probability alternatives.· Input to the process is a graph of inactive edges marked with phoneme labels and possibly other information such as acoustic probability score.
· It is at least arguable, moreover, that no probability theory allows for the explanation of single events.· These employ probability theory, hence the term probabilistic sampling.· Statistical analysis of data requires an understanding of basic four-figure maths, algebra, probability theory, and calculus.· Experimental backing is an aspect of probability theory and statistics.
· Matrix R is the transition probability matrix raised to the power two.· The table of transition probabilities for the travel example would be laid out as shown in Table 6.2.· It is usual to find a progression indicating significant transition probabilities to many vibrational levels of the modes concerned.· Both systems use transition probabilities between syntactically tagged form class pairs to prune the search.· Reducing the length One version of the Edinburgh syntactic component used pair-wise transition probabilities between words.· Many different patterns of foggy and clear days could produce the same numerical values for the transition probabilities in the example.· This is what the transition probability matrix tells us.· When the actual counts were converted to transition probabilities the results shown in Table 6.4 were obtained.
VERB
· Each rule in the grammar was assigned a probability.
· The words are then assigned a rating based on the probability of the grammatical transitions that their tags participate in.· Children with formal operations typically respond to this kind of problem with responses based on probability.· What about measures based on odds rather than probabilities?· Most text retrieval systems have been based on statistics and probabilities.· Any clusterer should be founded on some kind of theory based on probabilities.
· Ninety five percent confidence intervals for the relative risk was calculated using exact probabilities.· A young Salomon Brothers trader named Howie Rubin began to calculate the probability of homeowners' prepaying their mortgages.· To calculate the joint probability of the coincidence occurring in any one minute we multiply the two separate probabilities.
· Even when the correct word was given a high probability, there were many other words with an equally high probability.· Each combination was given a probability score based on its occurrence in a large corpus.· The probabilities of each route have to be calculated and summed to give the total probability.· All one can give are probabilities that particles will be emitted in certain modes.· All permutations of transitional probabilities arising out of the character recognition are calculated to give an associated probability for a given string.
· However, by making further efforts to improve certain facets of the project, the manager could increase this probability to 0.7.· These latter two actions increase the probability that a client will carry through with the contract.· The indications are that the existence of one difficulty increases the probability that other stresses will also occur.· The child is given drinks throughout the night to increase the probability of urinating and providing a lot of opportunities to practise.· The application of these tests may increase the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is in fact true.
· These are in relation to the degree of probability of damage occurring, negligent omissions and multiple causes of harm.· But the probability for this to occur decreases very rapidly with decreasing temperature.· This is the estimated pay-off in money terms of a given event multiplied by the probability of that event occurring.· To calculate the joint probability of the coincidence occurring in any one minute we multiply the two separate probabilities.· In practice the probability of such words occurring in adjacent positions is so low that the problem is negligible. 4.10.
· But we can and must work towards reducing probabilities.· Nothing could reduce its probability, and hence there could be no reasons for supposing it false.
· Where the applicant has no representation and the respondent is legally represented the applicant's probability of success is reduced to 10%.
· To overcome this problem, Sayre did not use probability information.· Both systems use transition probabilities between syntactically tagged form class pairs to prune the search.· It tends to be used for problems where probability is a key factor.· Ninety five percent confidence intervals for the relative risk was calculated using exact probabilities.· Phases of multiply measured reflections were combined using the phase probability coefficients.
Phrases
PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY
  • In all probability, Kelsey will resign by the end of the year.
  • In all probability, parts of the church date from even earlier than the twelfth century.
  • She knew that, in all probability, he was seeing other women as well as herself.
  • He did not because in all probability he did not know himself.
  • He graded it an unlikely E7 6c - unlikely in that it is, in all probability, much harder.
  • My dear little Louisa too is just at a critical age, teething in all probability.
  • That the fox was exhausted is questionable for it did gain the cover of the woods and in all probability survived.
  • The tamarin will be preserved, in all probability, only if zoos throughout the world cooperate in breeding programmes.
  • This wider region will in all probability reflect the district, regional or area organisation and/or competition structure of many governing bodies.
  • We knew that we were in all probability going to die before the day was gone.
  • You will not be in a condition to care about shaving, for example, for a few days in all probability anyway.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
  • A decision is made only on the balance of probabilities.
  • After looking at the credentials for miraculous claims, Hume came to the conclusion that the balance of probabilities counted against them.
  • All those defences are for the defendant to establish on the balance of probabilities.
  • The burden of proof in establishing the defence is upon the defendant on the balance of probabilities.
Word family
WORD FAMILYnounprobabilityprobableadjectiveprobable ≠ improbableadverbprobably ≠ improbably
1[countable, uncountable] how likely something is, sometimes calculated in a mathematical way SYN  likelihood, chancethe probability of (doing) something The probability of winning the lottery is really very low.probability that There is a 95% probability that she will not have the disease.high/strong probability There’s a high probability that the children will follow a different career. You must decide whether, on the balance of probabilities, he committed the crime.2[singular] what is likely or something that is likely:  The probability is that smaller businesses will not have to pay the tax. A peace agreement now seems a probability rather than a possibility.3in all probability very probably:  Mistakes could and, in all probability, would occur.COLLOCATIONSadjectiveshigh· This method of treatment has a high probability of success.low· The probability of being struck by lightning is pretty low.a strong probability (=a high probability)· There is a strong probability that the letter has been destroyed.an equal probability· Each new baby has an approximately equal probability of inheriting maleness or femaleness.the statistical probability· The statistical probability of a plane crash is increasing.phraseson the balance of probabilities (=considering the probability of two or more events)· A decision about removing a child from its parents is made on the balance of probabilities.
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