expenditureex‧pen‧di‧ture /ɪkˈspendɪtʃə $ -ər/ ●○○ noun 
expenditure on research and development huge cuts in public expenditure (=the amount of money a government spends on services for the public) government expenditure on education capital expenditure (=spending by a company on buildings, machinery, equipment etc)expenditure of an expenditure of £1 million2[uncountable] the action of spending or using time, money, energy etc: the expenditure of time and money on your house or gardenCOLLOCATIONSADJECTIVES/NOUN + expenditurepublic/government/state expenditure (=money a government spends on the services it provides for people)· The Conservatives want to maintain a firm control on public expenditure.national/local expenditure (=money spent by national or local government)· There have been cuts in local expenditure on education.military/defence expenditure (=money that a government spends on the armed forces)· Military expenditure has been growing year on year.health/welfare/education expenditure (=money that a government spends on providing health services, welfare, or education)· There has been a steady rise in welfare expenditure.household expenditure (=the amount of money the people in a house spend on food, heating etc)· Sally cut her household expenditure and tried to save every penny she could.total/overall expenditure· The company's total expenditure rose by 19%.additional/extra expenditure· Businesses have been forced to pass on the additional expenditure to customers.capital expenditure (=money that a company spends on buildings, machinery etc)· Capital expenditure on IT equipment will come from a different budget.gross/net expenditure (=the total amount a company spends before/after any tax or costs have been taken away)· Spending on research and development represents 13% of our gross expenditure.verbsincrease expenditure· The company plans to increase capital expenditure by 20% this financial year.cut/reduce expenditure· Their policies are designed to cut public expenditure.expenditure rises· As public expenditure has risen, so have taxes.expenditure falls· Government expenditure on scientific research has fallen in the last few years.phrasesan increase/rise in expenditure· The government has announced a planned 4.4% increase in public expenditure.a cut/reduction in expenditure· There has been a marked reduction in expenditure on some social and welfare services.an item of expenditure (=something a government or person spends money on)· Housing is the biggest single item of expenditure in the budgets of most households.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
- The new regulations will require unnecessary expenditure of time and money.
- Even the enthusiasts for fundholding realised that the lid was sinking on health expenditure.
- He and the Pentagon continued to call for very high levels of defense expenditure.
- One is to say that substantial expansion is simply not possible, given planned expenditure levels.
- The biggest items of expenditure would probably be printing an election address and preparing a party political broadcast.
- The idea was then to introduce greater rationality to the public expenditure process.
- The lack of enthusiasm for social expenditure in the Treasury produced a remarkable lack of foresight in such matters.
- This attempted to establish uniform expenditure targets that, if substantially exceeded, would initiate penalties.
THESAURUS
the amount of money that is spent, especially by a government or other organization: · Company spending on staff benefits has been cut dramatically in recent years.· There has been a huge increase in government spending.· military spending
formal the amount of money that a government, organization, or person spends during a particular period of time – used especially in official documents or reports: · British defence expenditure was consistently high during this period.· military expenditure· Expenditure on advertising has gone down.
the money that a person or organization has to spend on heating, rent, wages etc: · What are your annual fuel costs?· Falling sales have forced companies to cut costs.
the money that you spend on things that you need, for example on food, rent, and travel: · Living expenses are much higher in New York.· I kept a record of all my travel expenses so that I could claim them back.
the money that someone has to spend regularly on rent, bills, food etc for their home or business: · The outgoings on a house this size are very high.
the amount of money that someone must spend when they first start a new business or activity: · The initial outlay on machinery was quite high.
British English, overhead American English the money that a business spends regularly on rent, insurance, and other things that are needed to keep the business operating: · In London, small businesses often have high overheads.
Longman Language Activatorthe amount that you spend the amount of money that is spent, especially by a government or other organization: · The government intends to cut its expenditure by 10% next year.public spending/expenditure (=by a government): · The answer to inadequate health care is to increase public spending, not reduce it.spending/expenditure on: · Company spending on staff benefits has been cut dramatically in recent years.
the money that a person or organization has to spend regularly on heating, rent, electricity etc: · What are your annual fuel costs?cut costs (=reduce costs): · Falling sales have forced companies to cut costs.running costs (=the cost of owning and using something): · I'm looking for a car with low running costs.
the amount of money that someone must spend when they first start a new business or activity: · The best business is one with a small outlay and with no risk involved.outlay on: · When we built the factory the outlay on machinery was heavy but we were able to buy all the latest equipment.initial outlay (=outlay in the beginning): · T- shirts are easy to produce, requiring little initial outlay and a minimum of time and effort.
the amount of money that someone has to spend regularly on rent, bills, food etc for their home or business: · The outgoings on a house this size are very high.· I wrote a check for $200 to cover various outgoings.
British /overhead American the amount of money that a company or a business person has to spend on rent, their workers' pay, office furniture etc: · The cost of the movie was high because of the large production overhead.· The company's overheads were much lower this year owing to the closure of several offices nationwide.· Restaurant prices have been put up to cover the ever-increasing overheads.
the money that you spend on things that you need, for example on food, rent, and travel: · John and Rachel have a new baby, so they have a lot of expenses right now.travel/living/medical etc expenses: · Living expenses are much higher in London.· The company doesn't pay my travel expenses.
the amount of money that you have planned to spend or that is available to spend on a particular thing: · You can choose any type of wood for your furniture, according to your budget.· Government cuts in the defence budget have meant a loss of 2000 jobs.
WORD SETSabsolute advantage, active population, additionality, nounadjustable peg, nounannual earnings, anti-dumping, adjectiveanti-inflation, adjectiveausterity, nounbad debt, nounbalance of payments, nounbalance of trade, nounbalance sheet, nounbank money, bank rate, nounbankrupt, adjectivebankrupt, verbbankrupt, nounbarrier to trade, nounbilateralism, nounblack market, nounboom, nounbroad money, brown goods, nounbudget, nounCACM, capital accumulation, nouncapital formation, nouncapitalism, nouncapitalist, adjectivecapital surplus, cartel, nouncentral government borrowing requirement, CGBR, Chicago School, nounclosed economy, nouncommerce clause, commodity, nouncommodity product, comparative advantage, consumer, nounconsumer confidence, nounconsumer durables, nounconsumer goods, nounconsumer price index, nounconsumer surplus, consumption, nounconsumption function, nounCost of Production Theory of Value, nouncreditor turnover rate, nouncredit rationing, noundebt ratio, deflate, verbdemand, noundemand and supply, noundemand price, demonstration effect, deregulate, verbdeveloped, adjectivedirigisme, noundiscretionary spending, dishoarding, noundisinflation, noundisposable income, noundis-saving, noundisutility, noundiversify, verbdivision of labour, noundole queue, dollars-and-cents, adjectivedowntick, noundownturn, noundrawdown, nouneconomic, adjectiveeconomic goods, economic paradigm, economist, nouneconomy, nounefficient market, elasticity of demand, nounelasticity of substitution, nounembargo, verbemployment theory, euro-zone, exchange, nounExchange equalization account, exchange rate mechanism, nounexpectations, nounexpenditure, nounexternal account, external competitiveness, externality, nounfactor cost, factor of production, nounFederal funds, fiscal, adjectivefloor, nounflow of funds, nounforced saving, for-profit, adjectivefree enterprise, nounfree marketeer, nounfree movement, nounfree trade, nounGDP, nounGNP, nounGoldilocks economy, goods, noungoods and services, noungross domestic product, noungross national product, noungross product, nounguaranteed price, hyperinflation, nounIMF, the, IMF quota, imperfect competition, imperfect market, import, nounimport, verbimportation, nounimporter, nounincome effect, industrial output index, Industrial Sentiment index, inelastic, adjectiveinflate, verbinflation, nouninflationary, adjectiveintermediate goods, International Monetary Fund, nouninvestment goods, J-curve, nounknowledge economy, labour-intensive, adjectivelabour market, nounLaffer curve, nounlaissez-faire, nounliving standard, nounMaastricht Treaty, nounmacroeconomics, nounmarginal revenue, market-driven, adjectivemarket economy, nounmarket failure, market forces, nounmarket-led, adjectivemarket-oriented, adjectivemarket value, nounmixed economy, nounmonetarism, nounmonetary, adjectivemoney income, monopsony, nounmultilateralism, nounNAIRU, nounnational debt, nounnational income, nationalize, verbnational wealth, neocolonialism, nounnet output, NIC, nounnominal price, non-durable goods, open-market, adjectiveoutflow, nounoverheated, adjectivepass-along, nounpass-through, nounpeg, verbper-capita income, perfect competition, perfect market, personal saving, political economy, nounpost-industrial, adjectivePPI, price control, nounprice effect, price fixing, nounprice-fixing, nounprice index, nounprice-insensitive, adjectiveprice-sensitive, adjectiveprice support, nounprice theory, primary production, private enterprise, nounprivately-owned, adjectiveprivatization, nounprivatize, verbproducer price index, production control, protect, verbprotectionism, nounprotective, adjectivepublic enterprise, public ownership, nounpublic sector borrowing requirement, public service, nounPurchasing Managers' index, real, adjectivereal income, recession, nounreflation, nounrefund, nounRetail Price Index, scarcity value, nounshakeout, nounSingle European Market, slump, nounsocial accounting, socioeconomic, adjectivesqueeze, verbsqueeze, nounstagflation, nounstandard of living, nounstandard spending assessment, staple, nounstringent, adjectivesubsidy, nounsubstitution effect, surplus, nounsystematic risk, trade deficit, nountrade dispute, trade gap, nountrade surplus, nountrade-weighted index, trickle-down effect, nountrough, nountrust, noununder-investment, noununit of account, noununsystematic risk, uptick, nounvoodoo economics, noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRYADJECTIVES/NOUN + expenditure An additional charge is made on baggage exceeding the weight allowance.
(=money a government spends on the services it provides for people)· The Conservatives want to maintain a firm control on public expenditure.
(=money spent by national or local government)· There have been cuts in local expenditure on education.
(=money that a government spends on the armed forces)· Military expenditure has been growing year on year.
(=money that a government spends on providing health services, welfare, or education)· There has been a steady rise in welfare expenditure.
(=the amount of money the people in a house spend on food, heating etc)· Sally cut her household expenditure and tried to save every penny she could.
· The company's total expenditure rose by 19%.
· Businesses have been forced to pass on the additional expenditure to customers.
(=money that a company spends on buildings, machinery etc)· Capital expenditure on IT equipment will come from a different budget.
(=the total amount a company spends before/after any tax or costs have been taken away)· Spending on research and development represents 13% of our gross expenditure.
verbs· The company plans to increase capital expenditure by 20% this financial year.
· Their policies are designed to cut public expenditure.
· As public expenditure has risen, so have taxes.
· Government expenditure on scientific research has fallen in the last few years.
phrases· The government has announced a planned 4.4% increase in public expenditure.
· There has been a marked reduction in expenditure on some social and welfare services.
(=something a government or person spends money on)· Housing is the biggest single item of expenditure in the budgets of most households.
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES An additional charge is made on baggage exceeding the weight allowance.· There were plans to cut defence spending by one billion pounds.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE· There is no reference to any additional expenditure on working to ensure a fairer system of legal liability.· With this approach there is a need to justify all expenditure and not just that expenditure at the margin or additional expenditure.· Anticipating the areas of additional expenditure is not to be pessimistic.· I believe that it is an item of additional expenditure that would win the approval of the whole House.· Expansion of the money supply in these circumstances may lead to no additional expenditure, only additional idle balances.· Expenditure was put at 3,319,333.8 million roubles with additional expenditure of 334,200 million roubles.· A method of calculating additional overhead expenditure is as follows.
· In terms of spending, it now cost £12 million to administer an annual expenditure of only £17 million on the grant.· To support this, the commitment to annual expenditure of over £6m in research and technology will continue.
· Also, both operating expenditure and the operating consequences of capital expenditure appear together in the funds.· Local authorities are also constrained in the proportion of capital receipts they may use to support capital expenditure.· Similar developments are in hand in respect of capital expenditure.· They cut capital expenditure before reducing current spending on staff. 4.· Of that, £7.2 billion will be spent directly by my departments or as capital expenditure by local authorities.· The definition of capital expenditure and operating expenditure is relevant for deciding how to finance.· If any operating division wishes to incur capital expenditure, it submits an appraisal form to the Finance Director.
· Pay constitutes two-thirds of all current expenditure.· In 1989-90 non-mineral exports would total P225,000,000 less than current expenditure, breaking the pattern of the previous decade.· Since 1975, the index has been current weighted by expenditure in the latest available year.· Is current expenditure well spent and does it produce services of an appropriate quality?· All organisations will make the distinction between capital and revenue or current expenditure.· In general terms, capital expenditure will commit future current expenditure.· We will consider these three sources in the ascending order of their importance in supporting current expenditure.· Total expenditure on the scheme should not exceed current expenditure on allowances.
· As a general rule, expenditure only rose as enrolment fell.· They were not accounted for in private consumption expenditure, general government expenditure, or domestic capital formation.· Central government now sought to reduce local spending as part of its general public expenditure strategy.
· In both countries, therefore, the priority given to education was reflected in high levels of expenditure.· This, it can be argued. was due to popular pressure against high military expenditure.· This demonstrates the difficulties in proving that higher expenditure leads to better health.· A scholar wants to know which factors are crucial for explaining high public expenditure.· The higher is, the higher is consumption expenditure and the higher is the level of aggregate demand.· Externally, leading capitalist economies require high military expenditure for the political and strategic defence of the system against any Soviet threat.· It provided for higher social services expenditure, and also reflected recent unfavourable exchange rate movements.· Defence could muster cogent arguments to maintain an unusually high level of expenditure.
· The Gladstonian principle that public sector budgets should be balanced - increased expenditure met by increased taxes - was the accepted rule.· The second-round effect of the increased government expenditure will be a further increase in national income of £40 million.· Something which is particularly curious is that increased government expenditure has not produced the egalitarian society which was intended.· Direct action by central government would necessitate substantially increased expenditure and therefore revenue.· In this case, people receive the extra money either through tax cuts or through increased government expenditure.· Rapidly increasing administrative costs are contributing to reductions in service despite increased expenditure.· At the same time, higher unemployment will involve increased government expenditure on unemployment benefits.· There is already scope for significantly increased expenditure within the existing own resources ceiling.
· It has attempted to be very explicit about what it considers to be unnecessary local expenditure.· The size of local authority capital expenditure for selected years is shown in Table 6.1.· This enormous decline in public housing was largely due to a government-induced squeeze on local authority expenditure.· Central government, therefore, requires information that local authority expenditure has been legitimate and that minimum service provisions have been met.· Clearly, so long as ministerial assurances are honoured, rate-capping can deliver only very limited reductions in total local authority expenditure.· However the statistics are compiled, an examination of local government expenditure shows a steady increase over the years.· Great Britain is not alone in witnessing a growth in local government expenditure.· An additional 3% was local authority capital expenditure.
· Greater stability would give poorer nations the opportunity to reduce their own military expenditure.· Despite that military expenditure, there are many situations where the military is useless, says Edward Djerejian.· This, it can be argued. was due to popular pressure against high military expenditure.· Thus the crucial objectives were to limit military expenditure and to focus resources on domestic issues.· Similarly, much military expenditure may have a direct destabilising effect on a country's balance of payments.· Parliamentary revenues brought in about £300,000 between 1512 and 1517, only one-third of military expenditure.· Arms sales clearly do but most military expenditure does not.· Externally, leading capitalist economies require high military expenditure for the political and strategic defence of the system against any Soviet threat.
· Gross and net national expenditure for the United Kingdom, 1987.· As with national expenditure these increases represent a 15 percent rise compared with the budget for 1992/3.· The Opposition tell half-truths because Labour is the only party which when in office cut national health expenditure.· National income is the value of the actual amount produced and so is necessarily equal to the national product and expenditure.
· The budget forecast that overall government expenditure would increase by 15.4 percent in the 1991/92 fiscal year to S$15,800 million.· They may be expressed in terms of overall expenditure and cost per item and include comparisons with historic expenditure and budget expectations.· All discussion of retrospective and prospective reimbursement systems points to the difficulties of controlling overall expenditure.
· This approach tends to preserve previous spending patterns because planned expenditure is based on historical and current practice.· The committee recommended a system of annual surveys of planned public expenditure for years ahead.· By 1990-1 about 46 percent of planned public expenditure was covered by cash limits.· One is to say that substantial expansion is simply not possible, given planned expenditure levels.· Now underspending of £2000 million on this year's planned public expenditure may persuade ministers to dive into the metals market.· National expenditure, then, can be called actual expenditure, while aggregate demand can be called planned expenditure.· He should be comparing planned expenditure last year with planned expenditure this year.
· Initially the results were very disappointing as public expenditure continued to grow.· The government, for example, emphasises physical renewal and the extent to which public expenditure has levered private sector investment.· A scholar wants to know which factors are crucial for explaining high public expenditure.· Even so there have been no easy solutions to monitoring the country's public expenditure.· Prior to polling day the government announced a new package of economic stimulants including public works expenditure and tax cuts.· Gradually Congress was won over to the need for tax increases and cuts in public expenditure.· The hardest reforms will involve means-testing, challenging the assumptions of the welfare state, and cutting public expenditure.· However, the 1961 Plowden reforms were the watershed for modern planning, monitoring and control of public expenditure.
· I announced in the House on 26 November my plans for recurrent and capital expenditure on grant-aided colleges.· These contradictions explain the recurrent expenditure crises.· On May 10 Mullings presented a budget for 1990-91 with recurrent expenditure estimated at J$7,049 million and capital expenditure of J$3,522,800,000.· The budget of EC$184,000,000 projected capital expenditure at EC$85,100,000 and recurrent expenditure at EC$98,800,000, while revenue was estimated at EC$103,00,000.· Total spending was set at R11,600 million, of which R9,000 million was allocated to recurrent expenditure.
· The costs of war enabled government to claim that they could not afford social expenditure.· The rise in oil prices which began in 1973 resulted in a continuing series of cut-backs on social expenditure.· But is the hallmark of social policy expenditure its contribution to public welfare, and what does this really mean?· Health and personal social services expenditure trends are harder to interpret.· The lack of enthusiasm for social expenditure in the Treasury produced a remarkable lack of foresight in such matters.· First, social policy expenditure has to compete with other public expenditure dedicated to the defence of the realm.· It was social security expenditure that increased, un-cash limited and driven by unemployment.· It provided for higher social services expenditure, and also reflected recent unfavourable exchange rate movements.
· The total expenditure varied very much from shire to shire and from year to year.· Aerobic activity does not increase total daily calorie expenditure.· The local authorities' educational expenditure forms about 40% of their total expenditure; it is mainly on schools.· The strict out-door relief policy of the 1870s did not lead to a fall in total Poor Law expenditure.· The Bar Council's equal opportunities programme will account for some 10% of total expenditure this year.· Current expenditure was estimated at Bel$153,900,000 and total capital expenditure at Bel$107,000,000.· By far the most important medium, in terms of total expenditure on advertising and sales promotion, is the press.· Jardana said that the figure for total expenditure represented a 20 percent cut in real terms from 1989.
NOUN· This enormous decline in public housing was largely due to a government-induced squeeze on local authority expenditure.· Central government, therefore, requires information that local authority expenditure has been legitimate and that minimum service provisions have been met.· Clearly, so long as ministerial assurances are honoured, rate-capping can deliver only very limited reductions in total local authority expenditure.· Local authority expenditure during the 12 years since we took office has risen by 26 percent. in real terms.· The reasons for the growth in local authority expenditure during the 1960s and early 1970s may be summarised as follows.· Support for this comes from a more recent analysis of local education authority expenditure by Howiek and Hassani.
· The latter are taken from a variety of sources, including tax data and surveys on consumer expenditure.· Given consumer tastes, product prices are of fundamental importance in determining consumer expenditure patterns.· A falling savings ratio and rapidly rising consumer expenditure were certainly significant features of the second half of the 1980s.· Percapita consumer expenditure as a consequence had reached early 1960s levels at the end of 1982.· The research concentrates on consumer expenditure and in this context includes both theoretical and empirical elements.
· Much of this is welcome but it has to be looked at critically when public expenditure cuts dominate the policy discussions.· In 1983, public health and social welfare received one of the biggest expenditure cuts of all the public sectors.
· Greatly increased taxes and a major shift back to defence expenditure could be the least of our worries.· Male speaker Under Options for Change we could see there was going to be a reduction in defence expenditure.· It is amazing what we hear from Opposition Members, when they intend to cut defence expenditure.· While military spending was constrained by the renunciation of belligerency, this does not mean that defence expenditure is insignificant.· By contrast defence expenditure was cut, chiefly by reducing national service from 14 months to 12.
· Research and development Research and development expenditure is charged against profits in the year it is incurred. 6.· Approximately 70 percent of development expenditure was to be financed from foreign assistance and loans.· In 1993 the level of development expenditure is forecast to fall significantly by approximately £150 million.· Projected expenditure was K1,600 million for 1990/91, to include K412,000,000 development expenditure.· The treatment of research and development expenditure.· No depletion is charged in respect of development expenditure.· The 1990/91 budget, presented on March 17, 1990, allocated 1,500 million afghanis for development expenditure in the public sector.
· Something which is particularly curious is that increased government expenditure has not produced the egalitarian society which was intended.· One argument is that excessive government expenditure adversely affects individual freedom and choice.· Conversely, future taxes and government expenditure may influence current incomes, as where they are capitalized in asset values.· In this case, people receive the extra money either through tax cuts or through increased government expenditure.· Reductions in overseas government expenditure took place, but reluctantly and more gradually than now seems desirable.· The budget forecast that overall government expenditure would increase by 15.4 percent in the 1991/92 fiscal year to S$15,800 million.· It also involved a very substantial outflow of government expenditure abroad, as well as foreign investment.· The difficulty in cutting government expenditure Cuts in government expenditure are politically unpopular.
· In his autumn statement on 6 November, my right hon. Friend the Chancellor of the Exchequer announced his public expenditure plans.· In the case of fiscal policy the major instruments are changes in tax rates and allowances, and variations in expenditure plans.· Under our public expenditure plans, housing association output is due to rise substantially to at least 40,000 by 1993-94.
· Second, forms of state expenditure corresponding to each of these functions are identified.· During the past decade, state expenditure on prisons has risen by nearly a third.· However, many specific rural employment policies survived the reductions in state expenditure in the early 1980s.· This involves state expenditure on social capital.
VERB· In 1979 the government announced that it was determined, unlike the previous Labour administration, to control and reduce public expenditure.· The desire of Congress to control the expenditure of the indemnity payments had resulted in the failure of the National Bank bill.· These exclusions have restricted the overall effectiveness of cash limits as a device for controlling public expenditure.· Some critics of the public sector maintain that it is inherently inefficient and unable to control its expenditure.· Attempts to control public expenditure are nothing new; they began long before Gladstone.· Efficient stocktaking is a key element in controlling these prices and expenditure - and that's where the Psion Organiser comes in.· For example, assign your service manager a budget and let him control his own expenditure.· All discussion of retrospective and prospective reimbursement systems points to the difficulties of controlling overall expenditure.
· Finance for the estimated £5m of expenditure has come from a variety of sources.
· The issue of currency may be regarded as helping the government to finance its expenditure.· The definition of capital expenditure and operating expenditure is relevant for deciding how to finance.
· Does he not recall that he has promised to increase public expenditure, to cut taxes and to balance the budget?· Aerobic activity does not increase total daily calorie expenditure.· Despite this, 37% spent more on training and 51% increased their marketing expenditure.· Inpart this reflects increasing expenditure on state pensions as more and more people live to a ripe old age.· However, in the face of increasing restraint on public expenditure, these have not been notably successful.· Another way of getting out of the recession is by increasing public expenditure.· However, this can only be done by increasing public expenditure or redistributive taxation.
· If any operating division wishes to incur capital expenditure, it submits an appraisal form to the Finance Director.· Relying on these reports, Hedley Byrne incurred expenditure and lost money when its customer went into liquidation.
· However, the House was in no mood to agree to anything which could involve massive expenditure on public offices.· At the same time, higher unemployment will involve increased government expenditure on unemployment benefits.· It all involved a huge expenditure of public money, said the judge.· Cleaning up Britain does not require international action, involve huge public expenditure, or impair the efficiency of industry.· This involves state expenditure on social capital.
· Where traditional own resources are inadequate to meet the new expenditure ceiling, the fourth resource comes into operation.· It is a variable topping-up resource to meet the expenditure ceiling.· In practice, the issue of new currency in the United Kingdom is geared towards meeting the expenditure requirements of consumers.· Similarly, checks are made to see you have enough in the current account to meet expenditure.· Arrangements for meeting such expenditure is a matter for the education authority.· Although they are helped to meet expenditure through grants from central government, their monies are prescribed for specific purposes.
· Greater stability would give poorer nations the opportunity to reduce their own military expenditure.· A balanced budget meant increasing tax rates and reducing public expenditure.· Such reduced absenteeism is a social benefit in that it reduces public expenditure through the statutory sick-pay scheme.· Miliutin had begun not only to reduce expenditure, but also to introduce military personnel to the spirit of post-emancipation society.· Various strategies have been adopted to reduce the level of expenditure.· The ambitious goal of reducing real total public expenditure in absolute terms was never achieved.· In 1979 the government announced that it was determined, unlike the previous Labour administration, to control and reduce public expenditure.· The introduction of competitive tendering is intended to test the efficiency of in house services, and to reduce expenditure.
· Findings relate to expenditure, degree of forward planning, objectives, workforce attitudes, management awareness and use of consultancies.· This aspect states that expenses are not necessarily related to the expenditure of cash.· We can try to isolate sport-related output, sports-related income, or sports-related expenditure.· This records only a small fraction of the sport-related expenditure associated with spectating at sports events.· As for indirect taxation, estimated Engel curves relate the expenditure of groups of households on taxed goods to total expenditure.· The other major items of sport-related consumers' expenditure are part of the non-sport commercial sector.· SSAP9 states that it is frequently not practicable to relate expenditure to specific units of stocks.
· Differences in wealth were not easily transmuted into self-conscious social distinctions, but they did require certain forms of expenditure.· The training requires expenditure and so also does the replacement for the person away.· Yet this change did not require much expenditure or creative thought allocation as a concept could have been deployed, rather than selection.· Externally, leading capitalist economies require high military expenditure for the political and strategic defence of the system against any Soviet threat.
WORD FAMILYnounexpenditureexpenseexpensesadjectiveexpensive ≠ inexpensiveverbexpendadverbexpensively ≠ inexpensively
1[countable, uncountable] the total amount of money that a government, organization, or person spends during a particular period of timeexpenditure on expenditure on research and development huge cuts in public expenditure (=the amount of money a government spends on services for the public) government expenditure on education capital expenditure (=spending by a company on buildings, machinery, equipment etc)expenditure of an expenditure of £1 million2[uncountable] the action of spending or using time, money, energy etc: the expenditure of time and money on your house or gardenCOLLOCATIONSADJECTIVES/NOUN + expenditurepublic/government/state expenditure (=money a government spends on the services it provides for people)· The Conservatives want to maintain a firm control on public expenditure.national/local expenditure (=money spent by national or local government)· There have been cuts in local expenditure on education.military/defence expenditure (=money that a government spends on the armed forces)· Military expenditure has been growing year on year.health/welfare/education expenditure (=money that a government spends on providing health services, welfare, or education)· There has been a steady rise in welfare expenditure.household expenditure (=the amount of money the people in a house spend on food, heating etc)· Sally cut her household expenditure and tried to save every penny she could.total/overall expenditure· The company's total expenditure rose by 19%.additional/extra expenditure· Businesses have been forced to pass on the additional expenditure to customers.capital expenditure (=money that a company spends on buildings, machinery etc)· Capital expenditure on IT equipment will come from a different budget.gross/net expenditure (=the total amount a company spends before/after any tax or costs have been taken away)· Spending on research and development represents 13% of our gross expenditure.verbsincrease expenditure· The company plans to increase capital expenditure by 20% this financial year.cut/reduce expenditure· Their policies are designed to cut public expenditure.expenditure rises· As public expenditure has risen, so have taxes.expenditure falls· Government expenditure on scientific research has fallen in the last few years.phrasesan increase/rise in expenditure· The government has announced a planned 4.4% increase in public expenditure.a cut/reduction in expenditure· There has been a marked reduction in expenditure on some social and welfare services.an item of expenditure (=something a government or person spends money on)· Housing is the biggest single item of expenditure in the budgets of most households.