单词	course
释义	course1 nouncourse2 verb coursecourse1 /kɔːs $ kɔːrs/ ●●● S1 W1 noun Entry menu MENU FOR coursecourse1 of course2 of course not3 education4 time5 development6 plans7 actions8 direction9 on course10 meal11 sport12 medical treatment13 in (the) course of time14 river15 wall Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES a course in music journalism a cross-country ski course a five-course banquet All hunters applying for licenses are required to take a hunting safety course. Are you enjoying the course? For the main course we had roast turkey with vegetables. I've decided to do a course in aromatherapy. Investigators say the plane was over 800 miles off course when it crashed. Scientists are monitoring the course of the measles epidemic throughout the state. She began a 12 week course on modern art. The course of the water was marked by a line of willow trees. The captain decided to change the ship's course to avoid the storm. The college is offering three basic computer courses this year. The council met last week to decide on a future course for peace. The plane had to change course to avoid the storm. The waiter brought the first course, a simple leek and potato soup. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Advanced courses afford the opportunity to study classical religious and anti-religious texts of influential philosophers from Plato to Sartre. After the course, I began taking more interest in how other departments were tackling quality assurance. And there are few opportunities for students to develop such ability before they enroll in those courses. It was more about learning from-and networking with-your fellow students than a straight forward taught course. It will be some years yet before the full uptake picture becomes available because the traditional courses are still being phased out. No clear, specific regulations for these adult education classes and courses existed before 1924. They are not linked to a particular course or to a particular method of study. Which is, of course, nonsense. Thesaurus THESAURUStypes of meal► breakfast a meal that you eat in the morning ► brunch a meal that you eat in the late morning, instead of breakfast or lunch ► lunch a meal that you eat in the middle of the day ► tea British English a meal that you eat in the afternoon or evening ► dinner the main meal of the day, which most people eat in the evening ► supper a small meal that you eat in the evening, in British English; the main meal that you eat in the evening, in American English ► picnic a meal that you eat outdoors, consisting of food that you cooked or prepared earlier ► barbecue a meal that you cook outdoors over hot coals or wood and eat outdoors ► snack a small amount of food that is eaten between main meals or instead of a meal ► side dish food eaten with the main course, such as vegetables: · I’ll have the salad as a side dish. ► course one of the separate parts of a meal, such as the starter or the dessert: · a three-course meal parts of a large meal► hors d'oeuvre (also starter British English, appetizer American English) the small first part of a meal: · a tempting plate of hors d'oeuvres including olives and small pieces of roast beetroot ► main course (also entrée especially American English) the main part of a meal. entrée is used especially on restaurant menus: · For the main course we had cheese and onion pie.· The menu includes a few hot entrées. ► dessert (also pudding British English or sweet British English) sweet food eaten at the end of a meal: · What do you want for dessert?· They serve a wide range of desserts, including ice cream and home-made apple pie. Longman Language Activatora series of lessons in one subject► course also class · Are you enjoying the course?course in/on · a course in music journalismlanguage/computer/history etc course/class · The college is offering three basic computer courses this year.take a course/classalso do a course British informal · She's taking a class in art history. a particular way of dealing with something► course of action/course an action or several actions which could be taken in order to deal with a particular situation: · The best course of action would be to speak to her and tell her the whole story.· One possible course of action is to increase taxes on alcohol and tobacco.· Jim didn't want to start an argument, so agreeing seemed to be the safest course. ► approach a particular way of dealing with a problem, difficult situation, or job: · The company needs to adopt a much more radical approach.approach to: · Each of the delegates suggested a different approach to the problem.· the government's aggressive approach to the question of homelessness ► option one of several ways that you could choose in order to deal with a problem or a difficult situation: · Working full-time may not be your best option.· What other options do I have?only option (=the only thing you can do): · Our only option now is to contact the police.no option (=no other way of dealing with something): · These people have no option but to take low-paid unattractive work.environmental/nuclear/political etc option: · As for replacement fuels, many people do not like to contemplate the nuclear option. ► your best bet spoken the best way of dealing with something: · For getting around the city centre, a bicycle's your best bet.somebody's best bet is to do something: · We decided that our best bet was to leave him where he was and go and get help. the direction in which someone or something is moving, aimed etc► direction · The moons all move around the planet in the same direction.· Frightened by the sound of footsteps, the rabbits ran off in all directions.in somebody's direction (=towards someone) · I was hoping he wouldn't look in our direction and notice us sitting there.in the direction of something (=towards something) · The two young men headed off in the direction of Central Park.from the direction of something (=from something) · The sound of shots came from the direction of the compound, a quarter of a mile away.in the right/wrong direction · We're going in the right direction now - I can see the main road up ahead.in the opposite direction · Bill marched off angrily in the opposite direction.from opposite directions · Tornadoes usually form when rising warm, moist air rotates, as winds from opposite directions collide.in a southerly/easterly etc direction · The plane was traveling in a northeasterly direction when it was hit by lightning. ► way the general direction in which someone or something is moving, is aimed etc: · The bear went that way - you can see its tracks in the snow.· It is important to consider which way the house faces, as that determines how much sun it gets.the right/wrong way: · Are you sure we're going the right way? I don't remember seeing that church before. ► course the direction in which something such as a ship or aircraft is moving, which has been previously planned: · The captain decided to change the ship's course to avoid the storm.on/off course (=following the correct or incorrect course): · Investigators say the plane was over 800 miles off course when it crashed. during► during at one point in a period of time, or through the whole of a period of time: · Terry's work has improved a lot during the last three months.· Henry died during the night.· During the summer we spend a lot more time out of doors.· At some time during the weekend someone broke into the building.· This place was an air-raid shelter during the war. ► in between the beginning and end of a period of time: · The long vacation is in August.· In the last six years, Carol has moved three times.· In 1982 Paget was living in Geneva.· I always feel drowsy early in the morning. ► within during a period of time or before the end of a period - use this to emphasize that it is a short or limited period of time: · There have been five serious accidents within the last few days.· If we do not hear from you within 14 days, we will contact our solicitors. ► through during the whole of a period of time, continuing until the end: · The party continued through the night until dawn.· We'll have to see how he copes through the next couple of months. ► all through/throughout through - use this to emphasize that something continues from the beginning to the end of a long period: · It's closed all through the winter, and opens again in April.· Throughout her career she has worked hard and maintained high standards. ► over during a particular period of time: · She's been a great help to me over the past year.· They plan to redecorate their house over the Christmas period.· They met in 1962 and wrote each other several letters over the next few years. ► in the course of/during the course of formal during a process or particular period of time: · In the course of a few years, Lambert built up a highly successful export business.· We expect to see some important political developments during the course of the next week or two. ► by day/by night if you do something by day or by night you do it during the day or night: · By day they relied on the sun for direction, and by night they followed the stars.· By day he works at a construction company, but by night he's a bartender.· They attacked by night, hoping to surprise their enemy. part of a meal► course one of the parts of a meal that are served one after the other: · The waiter brought the first course, a simple leek and potato soup.· a five-course banquetmain course (=the biggest course in a meal): · For the main course we had roast turkey with vegetables. ► dish a particular kind of food cooked in a particular way and served at a meal: · My favourite Italian dish is lasagne.· In addition to the extensive Tandoori menu, there is a wide selection of vegetarian dishes. ► starter British /appetizer American the first part of a meal in a restaurant: · What would you like for a starter - soup or garlic mushrooms?· a delightful appetizer of small clams ► dessert also pudding British the sweet part of a meal that you have at the end: · "Would you like a dessert, Madam?" "Yes please, I'll have the cheesecake."have something for dessert/pudding: · I had fruit salad for dessert.· At children's parties, it's traditional to have jelly and ice-cream for pudding. ► for afters British spoken if you have something for afters , you have it as your dessert: · We're having roast beef, with apple pie for afters.· For afters, it's rice pudding. to be likely to be successful► have/stand a good chance · "Do you think he'll get the job?" "Well, he certainly has a very good chance."have/stand a good chance of doing something · I think Bart's design stands a really good chance of winning the competition. ► be set to do something to be very likely to be successful because of being well prepared or because the present situation is favourable: · The band's new album is set to become the biggest hit of the year.look set to do something: · Shares in the company look set to soar. ► be on course to be likely to achieve something because there has already been some success: be on course for: · The business is on course for record profits this year.be on course to do something: · After three major victories, the Brazilian team seemed on course to win the cup. a series of events, things, numbers, people etc► series several things that happen one after the other: · What is the next number in the series -- 12, 24, 48, 96?series of: · There has been a series of accidents on the M25.· The orchestra is giving a series of concerts to raise money for charity.· Police smashed a major drugs ring after a series of dawn raids. ► sequence the order in which events or actions follow one another, or the order in which they are supposed to follow one another: · The keys have to be turned in a particular sequence to open the safe.sequence of: · The sequence of movements for this particular dance is quite difficult to learn.sequence of events: · The report detailed the sequence of events that led to the oil spill.in sequence: · The chairs are numbered in sequence. ► string of a series of similar events that happen very close together, or a group of similar things that exist or are found very close together: · O'Neill had a string of successes with his first four plays.· a string of tiny islands off the coast of Florida· Jackson was imprisoned in 1934 for a string of sensational crimes. ► succession a number of events, relationships, people etc following closely after each other, especially when it is bad that there have been so many of them: succession of: · The project has had a succession of legal problems.· Like many rich kids, Georgie was raised by a succession of underpaid nannies.in succession: · We lost four important games in succession. ► chain of events also train of events British a series of events, especially a series in which each thing that happens causes the next one to happen: · The 6 month trial focused on the chain of events leading to the murder.· The book details the train of events that led to the outbreak of the First World War. ► stream of a long and almost continuous series of events, people, objects etc that follow closely after each other: stream of of: · Guides take the non-stop stream of visitors around the castle.in an endless stream (=continuously, in large numbers): · Refugees were pouring across the border in an endless stream. ► catalogue of failures/disasters/errors etc also catalog American a series of failures, disasters etc that happen one after the other and never seem to stop: · The bombing is the latest addition to the catalogue of terrorist crimes.· The official report into the disaster points up a whole catalog of errors and oversights. ► course of drugs/treatment/injections a planned process of medical treatment, consisting of a series of regular amounts of treatment, drugs etc over a fixed period: · Europeans usually need to have a course of injections before travelling to India.· The disease can be easily cured with a simple course of antibiotics. all of the subjects that you study as part of your work at school or university► course also class American a series of lessons on a subject, often with an examination at the end: · Are you enjoying the course?· a schedule of the classes for the fall semester · The college is offering three basic computer courses this year.course in/on: · She began a 12 week course on modern art.take a course/classalso do a course British: · She's taking a class in art history.· I've decided to do a course in aromatherapy. ► syllabus a plan that states exactly what should be taught to students who are studying a subject, especially a list of what they may be tested on in their examinations: · The summer term was very short and the teacher didn't manage to cover the whole syllabus.· the first-year syllabusbe on the syllabus (=be part of the syllabus): · We have to study algebra -- it's on the syllabus for the course. ► curriculum the range of subjects that has been officially chosen to be taught at a school or at all schools in a country: · Are politicians the best people to be developing the educational curriculum?· changes to the school curriculum· We cover the curriculum by choosing things the kids will be interested in. to change your direction when you are walking or driving► turn to change your direction when you are walking or driving: · He saw a police car up ahead, so he turned and went down a side street.· Soon after leaving harbour, the ships turned and headed north.turn left/right: · Turn left at the next intersection.turn back: · It's getting late - I think we should turn back before it gets dark.turn off (=leave a street in order to go down another street): · Turn off Delaney Road just after the church.turn onto/into (=start going along another street after changing direction): · Turn onto Lowell Street, then go straight for three blocks.turn a corner: · I turned a corner and nearly ran into Caroline. ► change direction to turn while you are moving so that you start going in a different direction: · The horse abruptly changed direction, nearly throwing the rider off.· Changing direction on skis isn't difficult once you've learned the technique. ► change course if a vehicle, ship, or aircraft changes course , it changes the direction in which it is travelling: · The yacht changed course and approached the island.· The plane must change course to avoid flying through the storm. ► veer if a vehicle or moving object veers , it suddenly and unexpectedly changes direction: veer off/away/across etc: · The car suddenly veered across the road into oncoming traffic.· The boat was heading for the rocks but at the last minute veered off in another direction. ► swerve if a vehicle or moving object swerves , it suddenly changes direction, especially in order to avoid hitting something: · The driver swerved to avoid a child, and crashed into a signpost.swerve across/into/towards etc: · Dozens were injured when a passenger bus swerved into the wrong lane and slammed into another bus. WORD SETS► College AA, nounacademia, nounacademic, adjectiveacademic, nounacademy, nounalum, nounalumna, nounalumni, nounalumnus, nounassistant professor, nounAssociate of Arts, nounassociate professor, nounaudit, verbBA, nounbachelor's degree, nounBig Man on Campus, nounblue book, nounbrother, nounBSc, nounbursar, nounbursary, nouncampus, nounCantab, chair, nounchancellery, nounchancellor, nounclass, nouncoed, nouncommencement, nouncommunity college, nounconservatoire, nounconservatory, nounconvocation, nouncourse, nouncredit, nouncum laude, adverbdean, noundean's list, noundiploma, noundissertation, noundoctor, noundoctoral, adjectivedoctorate, nounDoctor of Philosophy, noundon, noundorm, noundormitory, noundouble first, noundown, adverbelective, nounexaminer, nounextension, nounextramural, adjectivefaculty, nounfinancial aid, nounfirst class, noungrad, noungrad school, noungraduate, noungraduate, verbgraduate, adjectivegraduate school, noungraduation, nounGRE, nounGreek, nounhall, nounhall of residence, nounhaze, verbhigher education, nounhomecoming, nounhonor roll, nounhonours degree, nounintercollegiate, adjectiveintramural, adjectiveIvy League, the, adjectivejoint honours, nounjunior college, nounlectureship, nounLLB, nounLLD, nounLLM, nounMA, nounmagna cum laude, adjectivemajor, nounMaster of Arts, nounMaster of Science, nounmaster's, nounmaster's degree, nounmatriculate, verbmature student, nounMBA, nounMEd, nounmedic, nounmedical school, nounMFA, nounmidterm, nounMilitary Academy, nounminor, nounMLitt, nounmortarboard, nounMPhil, nounM.Sc., nounOpen University, the, option, nounoral, nounOxbridge, nounPhD, nounPhi Beta Kappa, nounpledge, nounpledge, verbpoly, nounpolytechnic, nounpost doctoral, adjectivepost-grad, nounpostgraduate, nounpostgraduate, adjectivepractical, nounprof, nounprofessor, nounprofessorial, adjectiveprofessorship, nounProvost, nounqualified, adjectivequarter, nounrag, nounread, verbreadership, nounredbrick, adjectiverush, verbrush, nounsandwich course, nounschool, nounsemester, nounseminar, nounseminary, nounsenate, nounsenior, nounsingle honours, nounsophomore, nounsorority, nounspring break, nounstate university, nounstudent union, nounsubject, nounsumma cum laude, adverbsummer school, nounsurvey course, nounsyllabus, nountech, nountechnical college, nountenure, nountermly, adjectivetertiary education, nountheological college, nounthesis, nounthird, nounthird class, nountutor, nountutorial, nountutorial, adjective2.1, nountwo-two, nounU., undergraduate, noununi, nounUniv., university, nounupperclassman, nounupperclasswoman, nounvac, nounvacation, nounvarsity, nounvice-chancellor, nounvisiting professor, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY Meaning 3verbs► take a course (also do a course British English)· I decided to do a course in Italian. ► go on a course British English· My company wanted me to go on a course in management skills. ► pass/fail a course · If you pass the course, you get a diploma in psychology. ► apply for a course · The following year she applied for a nursing course. ► enrol on a course/put your name down for a course British English (=to arrange to officially join a course)· How about enrolling on a sailing course? ► attend a course formal (=take part in a course)· You’ll have to attend a course on how to deal with customers on the phone. ► withdraw from a course/drop out of a course (=leave it without finishing it)· She had to withdraw from the course because of illness. ► teach a course · She is teaching an introductory course in Russian. ► run a course · The course is run by the British Council. ► offer a course · The course is offered on a part-time basis. ► change (your) course (=at university or college)· Some students choose to change their course after the first year. ADJECTIVES/NOUN + course► a language/art/design etc course · The school runs ten-week language courses three times a year. ► a full-time/part-time course · There are also part-time courses for mature students. ► an elementary/intermediate/advanced course · an advanced course in art and design ► a one-year/two-year etc course · She did a one-year teacher training course. ► a short course · I did a short course on website design. ► an intensive course (=in which you learn a lot in a short time)· An intensive course in Russian is provided for those who do not already know the language. ► a crash course informal (=in which you learn a great deal in a very short time)· A husband was given a crash course in how to deliver a baby by a midwife on the phone. ► a training course · If you are offered the job, you will attend a two-week training course. ► a vocational course (=that trains you to do a particular job)· a vocational course in architecture ► a college/university course · students who fail their college courses ► a degree course British English (also an undergraduate course) (=a first course at a university, which usually lasts three years)· a three-year degree course ► a postgraduate course British English (=one you do after your first degree course) ► a correspondence course (=in which you work at home, sending work to a teacher by post) ► an introductory course (=for people who have never done a particular subject or activity before) ► an induction course (=that you do when you start a new job or position) ► a refresher course (=short and intended to teach you about new developments in a subject) ► a foundation course British English (=a general course that students do in the first year at some universities) ► a sandwich course British English (=that includes periods of work in industry or business) ► a tailor-made course (=one that is specially designed for someone)· a tailor-made course to help senior staff develop their negotiation skills course + NOUN► a course tutor British English:· I discussed it with my course tutor. ► course material · Teachers are provided with course material. ► the course syllabus (=the plan of what is taught on a course)· The school has recently introduced a new course syllabus. COMMON ERRORS ► Don’t say ‘make a course’. Say door take a course. Meaning 5verbs► something takes a course (=develops in a particular way)· He felt that events were taking the wrong course. ► something takes/runs its course (=develops in the usual or natural way)· There was nothing we could do except watch the illness run its course. ► change/alter the course of something · The incident changed the course of the election. ► influence/shape the course of something · The result of this battle influenced the whole course of the war. ► determine/decide the course of something · Don’t let chance decide the course of your career. phrases► in the normal/ordinary course of something · His bravery was far more than was required in the normal course of duty. ► the course of history/somebody’s life etc · Changing conditions shape the course of evolution. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► a course of action · Have you decided on a course of action? ► a course of conduct (=a set of actions)· The court said that when Harris had embarked on this course of conduct, he knew that it would put lives at risk. ► a cookery course · I decided to take a three-week cookery course. ► a degree course · I didn't enjoy the first year of my degree course. ► a three-course/four-course etc dinner · The cost of the hotel includes a three-course dinner. ► in the course of duty (=while doing your job, especially for your country)· Stewart received a medal for outstanding bravery in the course of duty. ► the course of events (=the way in which a series of events happens)· Nothing you could have done would have changed the course of events. ► a golf course (=an area of land designed for playing golf)· an 18-hole golf course ► change the course of history (=do something that has many important effects)· Roosevelt and Churchill helped to change the course of history. ► induction course/programme/period etc  a two-day induction course ► introductory course  an introductory course in data processing ► a three-course/five-course etc meal (=a meal with several separate parts)· a three-course meal, including appetizer and dessert ► steer a middle course  I try to steer a middle course between keeping control of the project and giving responsibility to others. ► plotted ... course  We plotted a course across the Pacific. ► a course/track record (=the best score for a particular golf course or time for a racecourse or track)· Lewis set the fastest lap with a new track record. ► steer a middle course  The government chose to steer a middle course between the two strategies (=chose a strategy that was not extreme). ► a training course/programme · All staff are invited to take any training course at company expense. ► undergraduate student/course/degree etc ► a university course · He studied history at school and was now planning to take a university course. ► veered off course  The plane veered off course. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► due · In due course, when economic circumstances permit, we would like to rebuild it.· I shall return to a fuller discussion of anthracnose pathology in due course.· In due course the principle could be extended to cover child care for older children.· In due course I shall return to my private education on the London trading floor.· It is also a very helpful discipline if you are considering applying in due course for a Legal Aid Board franchise.· He looked forward to practising it himself on others in due course.· Any photographs lent to the Society will be returned in due course. ► main · These are all main course salads.· It was not included in the main embalming course.· Breakfast is a buffet, and guests are offered a choice of main course at dinner.· Typically, 2 birds are required per person for a main course and 1 bird per person for a salad course.· She then had a delectable mushroom soup - and for the main course she chose something that was entirely new to her.· But protocol called for the opening push, like soup before the main course. ► normal · In the normal course of events they would not have publicised their conclusion without further tests.· With that in mind, the president may ultimately decide to let the appeals process take its normal course.· He just had to let things run their normal course.· He gave the impression that further information would he available in the normal course of things, depending.· What is the normal course of progression of addictive disease?· In the normal course of conversation I wouldn't talk about politics, I'd talk more about shagging.· Only the young, intending teachers, and medicals were allowed the full normal course for their subject.· In the normal course of events, such agencies can be relied upon to pursue conscientiously the president's programme. ► ordinary · Clearly selling a second-hand car without an ignition key or registration document would not be acting in the ordinary course of business.· Workers have become expendable parts for sale in the ordinary course of commerce.· It was in fact made without protest and in the ordinary course of customs business.· In the ordinary course of everyday living we are immersed completely in the personality.· However, although it will not be accepted, it will not in the ordinary course of events be anticipated.· In the ordinary course of banking the victim gets the cheque back but after encashment.· These have no place in the ordinary course of nature.· In the ordinary course of event. ► short · The exercises a being piloted by a small number of students with a view to presenting a short course or self-study package later this year.· The instructor who gave us a short course on operating the vehicle was thorough and patient.· Lord C told her to take a spot of leave before reporting for a short parachute course.· Cornell University also offers a large variety of short courses on specific themes, held during the summer session.· A portfolio of over 30 short courses complements the longer programmes and also meets more specialist requirements.· These are followed up by a short course on computer simulation in Physics for all students in third year.· Programme A course of instruction with a pre-determined timespan, content and structure, whether a short or long course.· It is treated by a short course of drugs, the main one used being metronidazole. ► undergraduate · These activities enrich the course programme by informing undergraduate courses with the latest principles and practices emerging from international boardrooms and marketplaces.· And I heard remarkable stories of distinguished Marxist academics at other schools who flat out refused to teach undergraduate courses.· It also makes an ideal text to support an undergraduate degree course in analytical chemistry.· An average undergraduate course costs around £4,000 a year for each student.· The review deals with undergraduate courses and manages to condense a great deal of material into a concise and readable form.· Students would normally have completed an undergraduate course in orchestration.· The three-year undergraduate course begins next September.· Titles will primarily concentrate on subjects covered in the initial stages of an undergraduate chemistry course. NOUN► collision · The ruling last week puts the courts on a collision course with Mr Mugabe and the police.· The advancing ship suddenly veered off collision course.· In addition, the Kee affair had put him on a collision course with his parents.· If executed close enough to the Moon, this maneuver can place the spacecraft on a collision course with the Moon.· Suddenly I found that he and I were on a collision course, both in Atlas aircraft.· The Croatan was on a collision course with the twenty-foot branch and its two passengers.· It needed no great powers of prophecy to realize that Nigel and I were on a collision course.· Underpants rose from unexpected corners, on collision courses with snaking socks. ► degree · Not all of these subjects, however, may necessarily be acceptable as admission requirements for particular degree courses or particular faculties.· In addition, applicants to the faculty must have passes in the subjects specified for each degree course.· In these cases the degree course requirements will be higher than for other courses.· Many Master's degree courses are paired with ones for Diplomas which have coursework and examinations in common with the degree.· Most degree courses have certain subjects specified as essential, but usually some choice is allowed.· This year's Great Grant Grab is now under way as thousands of school leavers prepare to start degree courses.· The normal duration of these degree courses is four years.· He returned to Cambridge and completed his degree course in 1929. ► golf · Saturday morning, we arrive at the golf course a bit later than we should for our 7: 30 tee time.· We do not find them on the golf courses or lounging in the private clubs.· Seated on one of the barstools nearby was Mr Finlayson, the greenkeeper at the local golf course.· Sand traps are prominent, but not sand boxes -- while golf courses are plenty, parks are few and far between.· The trip includes airfare, accommodation, car rental and admission tickets to the golf course for all practice and match days.· Here were the hazards a golf course ought to have: a sense of hazard itself, j sense of mortality.· That doesn't necessarily mean you will take more time to get around the golf course.· And the northernmost town has several sprawling communities dotted with golf courses and street after street of lush, green lawns. ► training · One of its main activities is the development of training courses and training materials to assist in the application of new technologies.· The Division has a particularly important task in promoting training courses for industry and commerce.· From next week, all bouncers will undergo a compulsory two-week training course and examination run by Northumbria police.· We have some spare places and would welcome any Q.T's who are interested in seeing the training course in action.· Sarah Jacobs has tried to build herself a life, saving for four years to buy furniture and applying for training courses.· Beware any sudden invitation to a company training course, particularly if they show a film.· After short training courses, they continued literacy work and adult education, mostly in the communities where they lived.· We run self-help groups and training courses. VERB► attend · Spouses may be encouraged to attend language courses at colleges of further education.· The production manager attends a two-week training course in Atlanta on leading work-unit teams.· The take-up has been disappointing in some respects, with the most highly motivated members attending several courses.· Church musicians might be encouraged to attend such courses together with the clergy.· Women who have attended the Dow-Stoker Returner courses can always give the course tutor as a referee.· Course contracts Temporary contracts of employment may be offered to you if you attend a course which has a high clinical input.· Situations such as these could perhaps be redeemed by the farmer's wife attending the course in his place.· Think of a medical student attending a course in the X-ray diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. ► change · The way she saw Bella had changed during the course of that afternoon.· He could carry out the intricate navigational corrections, and execute the necessary flight maneuvers when it was time to change course.· You need to keep your options open in order to change courses at a moment's notice.· That was changing, of course, as everything did.· The influence of the three High Elf Mages changed the course of the war.· In that instant he had changed the course of science and paved the way for the exploitation of Niagara Falls power.· Then he remembered that Woolley had changed the course before he, Callaghan, saw the plane.· What happened after the war changed my course of life. ► complete · Four horses and riders set out to complete the cross-country course, although only three must finish to score.· Between 1983 and 1987 just over 2,000 underwent specialist training with 82 percent completing the courses successfully.· Without them I could not have completed my course.· Many delegates were concerned about increasing numbers of young people leaving schools and colleges before completing their courses.· After completing the course, just three trainers were competent at compressions and only two could ventilate adequately.· This year he completed the course in a record time.· How many years will it take to complete the course by full-time study?· Self-help groups can be developed by interested clients who have completed structured anxiety management courses. ► follow · Management of welfare thus follows the course of a large chess game.· The factor that prevents gay men from following this course is the unique way gay society replenishes itself.· Sarah is glad to lead a more settled lifestyle now and is following a teacher training course in Birmingham.· In this venture, Clinton is following a course set by a number of his predecessors.· Behind us, following our weaving course, the police car was closing in.· Course Material: To allow maximum flexibility, all pupils follow the same basic course, though at different rates.· But you know how every dream is apt to follow its own course.· The process of forming a nation state did not, evidently, follow the same course everywhere. ► offer · The modules can be offered as free standing courses, or linked together or with other modules in integrated programmes.· Among them are hundreds of university journalism professors who routinely offer courses in investigative reporting at their schools.· In combination with other departments the Department of Electrical Engineering also offers joint-honours courses leading to the BEng degree.· Experts said parents can ask schools to offer conflict resolution courses or peer mediation programs.· Of the thirty polytechnics, all but seven now offer courses of initial or in-service teacher training, or both.· Ciao Trattoria is offering a four-course menu. ► provide · Firstly, there is a deliberate effort made to provide courses that are vocationally relevant.· Initially, Shearman provided lectures and courses within the originally planned twenty-mile radius of Bedford.· Those with a professional approach have provided structured courses for church musicians lasting a year or more.· They may provide non-academic as well as academic courses, but academic courses predominate.· I enjoyed the courses with Charles Cliffe, and Roy Sutton and hope your efforts will provide future memorable courses.· The Committee pronounced four members expelled for failure to provide information in the course of investigations.· The ERCs provide short courses for men and women who need help in regaining their confidence and fitness for work.· However, most adult education classes will include something on flower arranging and many colleges provide courses on floristry. ► run · Both craft businesses are run by professionals and courses are held on the premises.· Du Camp waited for this one to run its course like a fever.· Now, as the debilitating treatment runs its course, Vivian's intellectual skills no longer serve her.· They run over cross-country courses and pay through the nose for it.· A bitter national depression, born of the panic of 1893, was near to running its course.· The Arundell Arms Hotel in Devon runs a variety of courses in wet and dry fly fishing for salmon and trout.· In running the same course of action is likely to do little more than raise a few curious glances from fellow competitors. ► stay · The player's manager will have no objection to whatever it is that is guiding McCoist staying firmly on course this evening.· Remember, most dieters fail to stay the course.· Investors who stay the course would have none of this.· Perhaps three out of ten who began Jesuit formation stayed the course.· My son had stayed the course.· Both sales and profits must climb if the company is to stay on course for success.· Ya wan na defend yurself, ya stay the course. ► steer · Even so, it's safe for captains to steer their courses by them.· Managers must steer a middle course between political correctness and political babble.· The student must be left to steer his own course between this Scylla and Charybdis.· It may come as a pleasant surprise that a few members of Congress are attempting to steer a drastically different course.· I usually steer a middle course which avoids both waste and effort.· But within this framework, each of the three high schools in the district was allowed to steer its own course.· He steered a middle course between intimacy and aloofness which would have endeared him to the most demanding of guests.· You can practise this skill by deliberately steering a bad variable course ad feel the pressure changing in the hands. ► take · Never mind nature taking its course, it sounds as though you're plotting to seduce him.· With that in mind, the president may ultimately decide to let the appeals process take its normal course.· Such is our conclusion if we passively let things take their course.· Don't stick to this rigidly if the discussion takes a different course to the one you expected.· Those who do not have high-school diplomas begin taking courses toward a general-equivalency diploma.· Computational Physics students take a first-level course in Computer Science.· The most basic way to learn to operate your computer is: A. Take a course at a community college. ► teach · We don't do teaching courses, although we have a team of experts who give advice.· He taught courses in engineering and metallurgy.· The staff teaching these courses should be qualified by appropriate experience and specialist academic study.· Community college faculty teach courses at the high schools.· Where will the staff to teach these courses come from?· Smith never taught a course in economics; in fact, Smith never even took a course in economics.· With his background in teaching and politics, Davis said he might turn to teaching a college course in practical politics. Phrases PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► on course We had to paddle hard to keep the canoes on course. Western leaders put the trade talks back on course. ► in (the) course of time A literal offering of bread and wine has in the course of time been included in the eucharistic ritual. As new species in the course of time are formed through natural selection, others will become rarer. It has also been clearly established that in the course of time evaluation of particular variants can change or even be reversed. Physical death follows in the course of time. The critical question was: Why has life undergone this progressive development in the course of time? ► of course "Are you feeling nervous?" "Of course I am, it's a very important speech." "Did his mother get it for him?" "Oh, of course." "Do you know when my birthday is?'' "Of course, it's next Wednesday.'' "Do you think I could borrow some money?" "Of course. How much do you need?" "He'll do it, won't he?" "Of course he will!" "Will we be able to go to Disney World?" "Of course we will, that's why we're here." "You're going to come, aren't you?" "Yes, of course, I'll be there." Of course, you have to go to the bank to do that. One reason literacy skills have decreased is, of course, television. Shawn was ecstatic at winning the tournament, and of course, so was his father. She was wearing her black dress, of course. We'll be spending more money, of course. ► of course not "Are you serious about Sam?" "Of course not, we're just good friends." "Don't tell anyone else, will you?" "Of course not." Cooley sees some of it in everyone, of course not the same amounts in every person. I mean, no, of course not. No, of course not, how could you? No, of course not, it was just a feeling she liked, a tiny, private freedom. Of course not all women are traditional. Of course not, you dummy. Of course not, you were too young. Two serious actors, though of course not at their most serious here. PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► be on a collision course Newspaper reports say that the two nations are on a collision course that could lead to war. It needed no great powers of prophecy to realize that Nigel and I were on a collision course. Nurses lodge 10 Nurses are on a collision course with the Government after lodging a claim for a ten percent pay rise. Suddenly I found that he and I were on a collision course, both in Atlas aircraft. The Croatan was on a collision course with the twenty-foot branch and its two passengers. Union leaders representing more than 8,000 white-collar staff gave warning of more stoppages and said the company was on a collision course. ► in due course All the information obtained is being collated and will be published in the Journal in due course. Emap will immediately commence the search for a new Finance Director and will announce an appointment in due course. Further details will be sent out in due course but please lodge your interest early to help them plan the event. I look forward to hearing from you in due course. I look forward, therefore, to receiving your cheque for £1300 in due course. If the case became important, Holder figured, paperwork would cross his desk in due course. There he was in due course tried on indictment, convicted and sentenced for the offences. ► in the normal course of events Your copies of the books will follow in the normal course of events and should be with you soon. ► follow a pattern/course/trend etc For troubled marriages, researcher Karen Kayser has found, follow a pattern. He followed a pattern set two years ago by former Sen. In this venture, Clinton is following a course set by a number of his predecessors. Lesson four: don't follow trends Like Buddhism and Epping Forest, the road to fitness has many paths. The results of these contradictions tend to follow a pattern. These sections naturally follow one from the other, and thus the organization of the headings in these two chapters follows patterns. This observation follows a pattern frequently encountered in research in this area. ► horses for courses And Ballymoney college chiefs say it isn't a case of horses for courses. But it was a question of horses for courses. It does suggest horses for courses, men with the metal for matchplay golf. Rather, Mr Bush is choosing horses for courses. ► in-service training/courses etc A national in-service training programme will ensure that all teachers are fully qualified in the subject they are teaching. Both should receive official sanction and both require in-service training opportunities to acquire the necessary skills. If trainees are attending a regular in-service training course, individual viewing could be built into the syllabus. In some cases school finances are being pooled to fund in-service training, large expensive resources and joint activities for the children. Organizers of in-service training courses will also find them useful. Some apply for every in-service training course that is going. The potential contributions of the academic and in-service courses must be left for another occasion. The second one, which is two hours long, is designed for teachers, college lecturers and in-service training. ► as a matter of course/routine Voters expected as a matter of course that candidates would not keep all their promises. Blood samples should be taken to measure the client's electrolyte and urea levels as a matter of routine. By May first, I was able to walk from ten to twelve yards as a matter of routine. Enemy redoubts were strewn with booby traps as a matter of course. If they meet as a matter of course throughout the year they can review and plan on a regular basis. Search at the police station should not be undertaken as a matter of routine but only where justified under Lindley v. Rutter. Their general health is better and they do not suffer repeated or unwanted pregnancies as a matter of course. They are very learned about cooking in San Francisco-people seem to expect as a matter of course things which we consider luxurious. ► middle course/way etc But I can find no middle course. He steered a middle course between intimacy and aloofness which would have endeared him to the most demanding of guests. How wide is the floodplain of the River Wharfe in this middle course of the valley? I usually steer a middle course which avoids both waste and effort. In sum, the mixed economy is a middle way between the market and the command political economies. Managers must steer a middle course between political correctness and political babble. Pendulums move to extremes before they steady to the middle course, and so do journalistic trends. To help him resolve it, he brought in General Joseph McNarney, who eventually decided on a middle way. ► let nature take its course Just relax and let nature take its course. With a cold, it's better to just let nature take its course. I meant that, in the case of any other industry, we probably would have let nature take its course. I think we should let nature take its course. Should I just let nature take its course or stop it now? Stay calm and let nature take its course. The best is to obtain juveniles from a number of sources, rear them together and let nature take its course. ► of course not/course not► be par for the course If you want to be a politician, a little criticism is par for the course. It rained all week, but I guess that's par for the course in Ireland. It seems in some of those countries that political torture and assassination are par for the course. Alesis reverb units are par for the course in home studios; and their 3630 should enjoy the same popularity. In my trade this is thought to be par for the course. So were my years of flying in and out of countries where political torture and assassination were par for the course. Such service companies want your agency's business and lavish lunches and gifts are par for the course. This was par for the course, they seemed to be saying. ► pervert the course of justice Another Leeds player, defender Michael Duberry, pleaded not guilty to conspiracy to pervert the course of justice. Archer denies perjury, perverting the course of justice and using a false instrument. But tonight Crabb is starting a life sentence for murder and Taylor was given nine years for perverting the course of justice. It is claimed Metclafe inflicted grievous bodily harm to a man and then attempted to pervert the course of justice. Six officers were originally charged with conspiracy to pervert the course of justice and the seventh with unlawful wounding. The friend, Ted Francis, denies perverting the course of justice. They are also accused of conspiring to pervert the course of justice. ► remedial course/class/teacher etc About one quarter of entering college students now take at least one remedial course. Middle-class children thus tend to fill the honors and advanced-placement classes while poor children take the general and remedial classes. Most of these students take remedial classes in all three fields. People were appointed to co-ordinate the work of remedial teachers in schools. Some run efficient remedial courses, which could surely be used for youngsters who had taken a broader sixth-form course. The Association has branches throughout the country that provide information and hold remedial classes. Their placement in a remedial course confirmed their suspicions. These students traverse course after remedial course, becoming increasingly turned off to writing, increasingly convinced that they are hopelessly inadequate. ► residential course/school etc As a challenge the chief of the Poltava guberniia Department of Education offered him the directorship of this residential school for war-orphans. Casey is now in a residential school for children with emotional problems and / or learning disabilities. In fact I hear that several Outward Bound schools are offering fortnight-long residential courses on the safe removal of the fleecy top. The residential course will be a combination of talks, demonstrations and hands-on experience. The money raised will pay for two outdoor residential courses, organised for college students and Fairbridge. Therefore, the concerns raised do not apply necessarily or equally to all residential schools working with such children. They joined the six-day residential course after a careful selection process. ► run its course Greenspan suggested the recession might run its course by midyear. Once the disease has run its course, it's not likely to return. But meiosis in eggs may take half a century to run its course. Her academic job had run its course. Indeed, the recent pickup in some measures of wages suggests that the transition may already be running its course. It is by no means clear that the process of financial innovation has run its course. Now, as the debilitating treatment runs its course, Vivian's intellectual skills no longer serve her. One useful source was the huge number of glossy magazines about money that had proliferated as the yuppy decade ran its course. That agency opted to let nature run its course. We would let his interest run its course. ► stay the course Republicans are vowing to stay the course. Congratulations go to everyone who participated - they all stayed the course and helped to raise a staggering £2,180 for Cancer Research. Instead, the focus was always on staying the course, keeping at it and not quitting. Investors who stay the course would have none of this. My son had stayed the course. Perhaps three out of ten who began Jesuit formation stayed the course. Remember, most dieters fail to stay the course. Some lovers split after three days, some stay the course until they die. Ya wan na defend yurself, ya stay the course. ► steer a course It is hard for doctors to steer a course between everyone's different requirements. It was not easy to steer a course between absolute pacifism and revolutionary violence. 1of course a)used to show that what you are saying is expected or already known and so not surprising:  You can pay by cheque, assuming of course you have a valid cheque card. Of course there are exceptions to every rule. b) (also course informal) spoken used to say yes or to give permission politely:  ‘Can I have a word with you?’ ‘Of course.’ ‘Can you give me a lift?’ ‘Course, no problem.’ c) (also course informal) spoken used to emphasize that what you are saying is true or correct:  Of course he’ll come!well/but of course Well of course I love you.2of course not (also course not informal) spoken used to say very strongly that something is not true or correct:  He asked his father if it was true. ‘Of course not,’ Jack said. ‘You don’t mind if I call her?’ ‘No, course not.’3education [countable] a)a series of lessons in a particular subject SYN class American English:  Andy’s doing a one-year journalism course.course on/in a course on architecture I’m taking a course in graphic design. b)British English a period of study in a particular subject, especially at university SYN program American English:  a degree course in photography ► Course is never followed by ‘of’. Don’t say ‘a course of Business Studies’. Say ‘a course in Business Studies’.4time [singular] a period of time or process during which something happensduring/in/throughout/over the course of something During the course of our conversation, it emerged that Bob had been in prison. Over the course of the next few years, the steel industry was reorganized.in the course of doing something In the course of researching customer needs, we discovered how few families have adequate life insurance.5development [singular] the usual or natural way that something changes, develops, or is donecourse of forces that shape the course of evolution Meeting Sally changed the whole course of his life.in the normal/natural/ordinary course of events In the normal course of events, a son would inherit from his father.take/run its course (=develop in the usual way and reach a natural end) Relax and let nature take its course. It seems the boom in World Music has run its course. Gorbachev changed the course of Soviet history.6plans [singular, uncountable] the general plans someone has to achieve something or the general way something is happening:  They will go to any lengths to get the White House to change course. He will steer a middle course between pacifism and revolution. As long as the economy stays on course, the future looks rosy.7actions [countable usually singular] an action or series of actions that you could take in order to deal with a particular situation:  I agreed that this was the only sensible course of action.take/decide on a course The judge took the only course of action open to him.8direction [countable usually singular, uncountable] the planned direction taken by a boat or plane to reach a place:  The plane changed course to avoid the storm.on/off course (=going in the right or wrong direction) The ship was blown off course. The aircraft was almost ten miles off course. She tightened the mainsail while holding the course (=travelling in the same direction as planned).9on course likely to achieve something because you have already had some successcourse for If he wins today, he’s on course for the Grand Slam.on course to do something We’re back on course to qualify for the championship.10meal [countable] one of the separate parts of a mealthree-course/five-course etc meal The ticket includes entry and a four-course meal.first/second/main etc course We had fish for the main course.11sport [countable] an area of land or water where races are held, or an area of land designed for playing golf:  a particularly difficult course an 18-hole course → assault course, obstacle course(1)12medical treatment [countable] especially British English an amount of medicine or medical treatment that you have regularly for a specific period of timecourse of injections/drugs/treatment etc a course of antibiotics13in (the) course of time after some or enough time has passed SYN  eventually:  She’ll get used to school in the course of time.14river [countable] the direction a river moves in:  The course of the water was shown by a line of trees.15wall [countable] a layer of bricks, stone etc in a wall:  a damp-proof course → as a matter of course at matter1(20), → par for the course at par(3), → stay the course at stay1(7), → in due course at due1(4)COLLOCATIONS– Meaning 3verbstake a course (also do a course British English)· I decided to do a course in Italian.go on a course British English· My company wanted me to go on a course in management skills.pass/fail a course· If you pass the course, you get a diploma in psychology.apply for a course· The following year she applied for a nursing course.enrol on a course/put your name down for a course British English (=to arrange to officially join a course)· How about enrolling on a sailing course?attend a course formal (=take part in a course)· You’ll have to attend a course on how to deal with customers on the phone.withdraw from a course/drop out of a course (=leave it without finishing it)· She had to withdraw from the course because of illness.teach a course· She is teaching an introductory course in Russian.run a course· The course is run by the British Council.offer a course· The course is offered on a part-time basis.change (your) course (=at university or college)· Some students choose to change their course after the first year.ADJECTIVES/NOUN + coursea language/art/design etc course· The school runs ten-week language courses three times a year.a full-time/part-time course· There are also part-time courses for mature students.an elementary/intermediate/advanced course· an advanced course in art and designa one-year/two-year etc course· She did a one-year teacher training course.a short course· I did a short course on website design.an intensive course (=in which you learn a lot in a short time)· An intensive course in Russian is provided for those who do not already know the language.a crash course informal (=in which you learn a great deal in a very short time)· A husband was given a crash course in how to deliver a baby by a midwife on the phone.a training course· If you are offered the job, you will attend a two-week training course.a vocational course (=that trains you to do a particular job)· a vocational course in architecturea college/university course· students who fail their college coursesa degree course British English (also an undergraduate course) (=a first course at a university, which usually lasts three years)· a three-year degree coursea postgraduate course British English (=one you do after your first degree course)a correspondence course (=in which you work at home, sending work to a teacher by post)an introductory course (=for people who have never done a particular subject or activity before)an induction course (=that you do when you start a new job or position)a refresher course (=short and intended to teach you about new developments in a subject)a foundation course British English (=a general course that students do in the first year at some universities)a sandwich course British English (=that includes periods of work in industry or business)a tailor-made course (=one that is specially designed for someone)· a tailor-made course to help senior staff develop their negotiation skillscourse + NOUNa course tutor British English:· I discussed it with my course tutor.course material· Teachers are provided with course material.the course syllabus (=the plan of what is taught on a course)· The school has recently introduced a new course syllabus.COMMON ERRORS ► Don’t say ‘make a course’. Say door take a course.COLLOCATIONS– Meaning 5verbssomething takes a course (=develops in a particular way)· He felt that events were taking the wrong course.something takes/runs its course (=develops in the usual or natural way)· There was nothing we could do except watch the illness run its course.change/alter the course of something· The incident changed the course of the election.influence/shape the course of something· The result of this battle influenced the whole course of the war.determine/decide the course of something· Don’t let chance decide the course of your career.phrasesin the normal/ordinary course of something· His bravery was far more than was required in the normal course of duty.the course of history/somebody’s life etc· Changing conditions shape the course of evolution. course1 nouncourse2 verb coursecourse2 verb Verb Table VERB TABLE course Simple Form Present they course it courses Past it, they coursed Present perfect they have coursed it has coursed Past perfect it, they had coursed Future it, they will course Future perfect it, they will have coursed Continuous Form Present they are coursing it is coursing Past they were coursing it was coursing Present perfect they have been coursing it has been coursing Past perfect it, they had been coursing Future it, they will be coursing Future perfect it, they will have been coursing Examples EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES The storm system coursed through Georgia and Alabama. EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS Franca became aware that tears were coursing down her face. He stood quite still, shoulders shaking, tears coursing along the freckles. Pulses of energy coursed down the beam. Water coursed down Simon's body as he stood, shaking with cold, on the beam. word sets WORD SETS► Sport ace, nounace, verbacrobat, nounacrobatic, adjectiveacrobatics, nounaction replay, nounaerobic, adjectiveaim, nounaim, verball-American, adjectiveall-seater, adjectivearena, nounAstroTurf, nounattack, verbaway, adverbaway, adjectiveback, nounbackhand, nounbackhanded, adjectivebackhander, nounbackspin, nounball, nounball game, nounbaseline, nounbat, nounbench, verbbleachers, nounblock, nounbobble, verbbout, nounbowl, nounbowl, verbbowling alley, nounbowling ball, nounbowling green, nounbox, nounbox, verbboxer, nounbronze, nounbronze medal, nounbye, nouncall, verbcall, nouncap, verbcaptain, nouncaptain, verbcaptaincy, nounchange, verbchanging room, nouncheer, nouncheerleader, nouncheerleading, nounchip, nounchip, verbcircuit training, nounclose season, nounclubhouse, nouncoach, nounconference, nouncontender, nouncourse, nouncourse, verbcourt, nouncover, verbcross, verbcross, nouncross-country, adjectivecrown, nouncup, nouncup final, nouncup tie, nouncurve, noundead, adjectivedecider, noundefence, noundefend, verbdefender, noundefensive, adjectivederby, noundisallow, verbdisqualify, verbdivision, noundivot, noundown, adverbdraft, noundraw, verbdraw, noundribble, verbdribble, noundrive, noundrop, verbdrop goal, noundropkick, noundrop shot, noundrubbing, noundugout, nouneleven, numberequalize, verbequalizer, nouneven, adjectiveevent, nounface, nounfast, adjectivefavourite, nounfeint, nounfield, verbfielder, nounfieldsman, nounfield sports, nounfight, verbfight, nounfighter, nounfinalist, nounfirst half, nounfirst-string, adjectivefixture, nounflat, adjectiveflip, nounfollow-through, nounfootball, nounfootwork, nounform, nounfoul, nounfoul line, nounfriendly, adjectivefull-court press, nounfull time, nounfumble, verbgala, noungame, noungame point, noungate, noungoal, noungoalie, noungoalkeeper, noungoalless, adjectivegoal line, noungoalmouth, noungoalpost, noungoaltender, noungold, noungold medal, noungrand slam, noungrandstand, nounground staff, noungym shoe, noungymslip, nounhalf, nounhalfback, nounhalf nelson, nounhalf-time, nounhammer, nounhandball, nounhand-eye co-ordination, nounhandicap, nounhandspring, nounhandstand, nounhat trick, nounhead start, nounheat, nounheavy, adjectivehiding, nounhome, adjectivein, adverbinfield, nouninjury time, nouninterference, nouninternational, nounjersey, nounjock, nounjockstrap, nounjogging suit, nounjump, nounjump ball, nounjumper, nounjumping jack, nounjump shot, nounjunior varsity, nounlane, nounleague table, nounletter, nounletter, verblevel, verblineman, nounlinesman, nounline-up, nounlocker, nounlocker room, nounluge, nounmallet, nounmanager, nounmark, verbmassacre, nounmassacre, verbmatch, nounmedal, nounmedallist, nounmeeting, nounMexican wave, nounmidfield, nounmisfield, verbmixed doubles, nounmotocross, nounmotor racing, nounmuff, verbmusclebound, adjectivemuscleman, nounnet, nounnet, verbnetball, nounnil, nounno ball, nounoarsman, nounoarswoman, nounobstruction, nounoffense, nounoffensive, adjectiveoffside, adjectiveOlympiad, nounOlympic, adjectiveOlympic Games, the, onside, adjectiveopener, nounopponent, nounout, adverbout, nounoutdistance, verboutsider, nounoverarm, adjectiveoverhand, adjectiveown goal, nounpacesetter, nounpass, verbpass, nounPE, nounpenalty, nounpep rally, nounperiod, nounphoto finish, nounphysical education, nounpitch, nounplace kick, nounplayable, adjectiveplay-by-play, nounplayer, nounplaying field, nounplay-off, nounpoint, nounpole, verbposition, nounpossession, nounpost, nounpreliminary, nounpro-am, nounprofessionalism, nounpromote, verbpromotion, nounPT, nounpull, verbpull-up, nounpummel, verbpunchbag, nounqualifier, nounqualify, verbquarter-final, nounrace, verbracetrack, nounracing, adjectiveracket, nounrain check, nounrally, nounrecord, nounrecord-holder, nounrecreation ground, nounref, nounreferee, nounreferee, verbregatta, nounrelay, nounrelay race, nounrelegate, verbreplay, verbreplay, nounrerun, verbreserve, nounretire, verbreturn, verbrevenge, nounringside, nounroll, nounrookie, nounround, nounround robin, nounrunner, nounrunner-up, nounrun-up, nounsave, verbsave, nounscore, nounscore, verbscorer, nounscratch, verbscratch, adjectivescreen, nounscrimmage, nounselector, nounsemi, nounsemi-final, nounsemi-finalist, nounsemi-professional, adjectiveserve, verbserve, nounserver, nounservice, nounset, nounshoot, verbshoot, nounshot, nounsideline, nounsilver, nounsilver medal, nounskate, nounskipper, nounslaughter, verbslice, verbslick, nounslump, nounsnowmobile, nounsnowshoe, nounsomersault, nounsouthpaw, nounspar, verbsparring partner, nounspectate, verbspectator, nounspectator sport, nounspin, nounsports centre, nounsports day, nounsportsmanship, nounsporty, adjectivespot, verbsprint, verbsquad, nounstadium, nounstagger, verbstart, nounstarter, nounstarting blocks, nounstayer, nounstick, nounstraight, nounstrip, nounstroke, nounstud, nounsub, nounsudden death, nounsweatband, nounsweatpants, nounsweat suit, nountackle, verbtackle, nountalent scout, nountarget, nounteam-mate, nounthree-legged race, nounthrow, nounthrust, verbtie, nountiebreaker, nountight, adjectivetime, verbtimekeeper, nountime out, nountitle, nountitle holder, nountopspin, nountoreador, nountour, nountournament, nountrack, nountrain, verbtransfer fee, nountrophy, nountryout, nounumpire, nounumpire, verbunbeatable, adjectiveundecided, adjectiveunderarm, adverbunderhand, adverbunplaced, adjectiveuppercut, nounvarsity, nounvolley, nounvolley, verbwalking, nounwarm-up, nounwet suit, nounwhippet, nounwhistle, verbwhistle, nounwin, nounwing, nounwinger, nounworkout, nounwristband, noun Collocations COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► a course of action · Have you decided on a course of action? ► a course of conduct (=a set of actions)· The court said that when Harris had embarked on this course of conduct, he knew that it would put lives at risk. ► a cookery course · I decided to take a three-week cookery course. ► a degree course · I didn't enjoy the first year of my degree course. ► a three-course/four-course etc dinner · The cost of the hotel includes a three-course dinner. ► in the course of duty (=while doing your job, especially for your country)· Stewart received a medal for outstanding bravery in the course of duty. ► the course of events (=the way in which a series of events happens)· Nothing you could have done would have changed the course of events. ► a golf course (=an area of land designed for playing golf)· an 18-hole golf course ► change the course of history (=do something that has many important effects)· Roosevelt and Churchill helped to change the course of history. ► induction course/programme/period etc  a two-day induction course ► introductory course  an introductory course in data processing ► a three-course/five-course etc meal (=a meal with several separate parts)· a three-course meal, including appetizer and dessert ► steer a middle course  I try to steer a middle course between keeping control of the project and giving responsibility to others. ► plotted ... course  We plotted a course across the Pacific. ► a course/track record (=the best score for a particular golf course or time for a racecourse or track)· Lewis set the fastest lap with a new track record. ► steer a middle course  The government chose to steer a middle course between the two strategies (=chose a strategy that was not extreme). ► a training course/programme · All staff are invited to take any training course at company expense. ► undergraduate student/course/degree etc ► a university course · He studied history at school and was now planning to take a university course. ► veered off course  The plane veered off course. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADVERB► down · The tears which coursed down his cheeks were not for the head groom.· Franca became aware that tears were coursing down her face.· Pulses of energy coursed down the beam.· She turned her head away, scalding tears coursing down her cheeks and on to the pillow which had absorbed her earlier grief.· Water coursed down Simon's body as he stood, shaking with cold, on the beam.· Cranston leaned suddenly against the wall, wiping away the sweat now coursing down his face.· In the end we just stood holding each other close, as the tears coursed down our faces.· She had kept out of sight, not wishing them to see the tears coursing down her face. NOUN► cheek · The tears which coursed down his cheeks were not for the head groom.· She turned her head away, scalding tears coursing down her cheeks and on to the pillow which had absorbed her earlier grief.· Shelley realised that tears were coursing down her cheeks, and that the cook was watching her.· He could not stop the tears coursing down his cheeks.· Once aware she fell silent, tears coursing down her cheeks.· Jean couldn't take her eyes off the broken body, and felt the warm tears coursing down her cheeks.· Tears coursed down her cheeks and she ran blindly down the wild jungle of the grounds parallel to the thicket. ► face · Franca became aware that tears were coursing down her face.· I crouched, holding my bruised temple and cursing the arrow of pain which coursed through my face.· Cranston leaned suddenly against the wall, wiping away the sweat now coursing down his face.· In the end we just stood holding each other close, as the tears coursed down our faces.· She had kept out of sight, not wishing them to see the tears coursing down her face.· Tears coursed down her face, but he did not know.· Ma Katz coughed and spluttered, yellow tears coursing down her face. ► tear · The tears which coursed down his cheeks were not for the head groom.· Franca became aware that tears were coursing down her face.· She turned her head away, scalding tears coursing down her cheeks and on to the pillow which had absorbed her earlier grief.· He stood quite still, shoulders shaking, tears coursing along the freckles.· In the end we just stood holding each other close, as the tears coursed down our faces.· She had kept out of sight, not wishing them to see the tears coursing down her face.· Shelley realised that tears were coursing down her cheeks, and that the cook was watching her.· He could not stop the tears coursing down his cheeks. ► vein · We can feel the blood coursing through our veins again.· He could feel his strength returning; could feel the brandy coursing through his veins, filling him with a warm glow. Phrases PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES► be on a collision course Newspaper reports say that the two nations are on a collision course that could lead to war. It needed no great powers of prophecy to realize that Nigel and I were on a collision course. Nurses lodge 10 Nurses are on a collision course with the Government after lodging a claim for a ten percent pay rise. Suddenly I found that he and I were on a collision course, both in Atlas aircraft. The Croatan was on a collision course with the twenty-foot branch and its two passengers. Union leaders representing more than 8,000 white-collar staff gave warning of more stoppages and said the company was on a collision course. ► in due course All the information obtained is being collated and will be published in the Journal in due course. Emap will immediately commence the search for a new Finance Director and will announce an appointment in due course. Further details will be sent out in due course but please lodge your interest early to help them plan the event. I look forward to hearing from you in due course. I look forward, therefore, to receiving your cheque for £1300 in due course. If the case became important, Holder figured, paperwork would cross his desk in due course. There he was in due course tried on indictment, convicted and sentenced for the offences. ► in the normal course of events Your copies of the books will follow in the normal course of events and should be with you soon. ► follow a pattern/course/trend etc For troubled marriages, researcher Karen Kayser has found, follow a pattern. He followed a pattern set two years ago by former Sen. In this venture, Clinton is following a course set by a number of his predecessors. Lesson four: don't follow trends Like Buddhism and Epping Forest, the road to fitness has many paths. The results of these contradictions tend to follow a pattern. These sections naturally follow one from the other, and thus the organization of the headings in these two chapters follows patterns. This observation follows a pattern frequently encountered in research in this area. ► horses for courses And Ballymoney college chiefs say it isn't a case of horses for courses. But it was a question of horses for courses. It does suggest horses for courses, men with the metal for matchplay golf. Rather, Mr Bush is choosing horses for courses. ► in-service training/courses etc A national in-service training programme will ensure that all teachers are fully qualified in the subject they are teaching. Both should receive official sanction and both require in-service training opportunities to acquire the necessary skills. If trainees are attending a regular in-service training course, individual viewing could be built into the syllabus. In some cases school finances are being pooled to fund in-service training, large expensive resources and joint activities for the children. Organizers of in-service training courses will also find them useful. Some apply for every in-service training course that is going. The potential contributions of the academic and in-service courses must be left for another occasion. The second one, which is two hours long, is designed for teachers, college lecturers and in-service training. ► as a matter of course/routine Voters expected as a matter of course that candidates would not keep all their promises. Blood samples should be taken to measure the client's electrolyte and urea levels as a matter of routine. By May first, I was able to walk from ten to twelve yards as a matter of routine. Enemy redoubts were strewn with booby traps as a matter of course. If they meet as a matter of course throughout the year they can review and plan on a regular basis. Search at the police station should not be undertaken as a matter of routine but only where justified under Lindley v. Rutter. Their general health is better and they do not suffer repeated or unwanted pregnancies as a matter of course. They are very learned about cooking in San Francisco-people seem to expect as a matter of course things which we consider luxurious. ► middle course/way etc But I can find no middle course. He steered a middle course between intimacy and aloofness which would have endeared him to the most demanding of guests. How wide is the floodplain of the River Wharfe in this middle course of the valley? I usually steer a middle course which avoids both waste and effort. In sum, the mixed economy is a middle way between the market and the command political economies. Managers must steer a middle course between political correctness and political babble. Pendulums move to extremes before they steady to the middle course, and so do journalistic trends. To help him resolve it, he brought in General Joseph McNarney, who eventually decided on a middle way. ► let nature take its course Just relax and let nature take its course. With a cold, it's better to just let nature take its course. I meant that, in the case of any other industry, we probably would have let nature take its course. I think we should let nature take its course. Should I just let nature take its course or stop it now? Stay calm and let nature take its course. The best is to obtain juveniles from a number of sources, rear them together and let nature take its course. ► of course not/course not► be par for the course If you want to be a politician, a little criticism is par for the course. It rained all week, but I guess that's par for the course in Ireland. It seems in some of those countries that political torture and assassination are par for the course. Alesis reverb units are par for the course in home studios; and their 3630 should enjoy the same popularity. In my trade this is thought to be par for the course. So were my years of flying in and out of countries where political torture and assassination were par for the course. Such service companies want your agency's business and lavish lunches and gifts are par for the course. This was par for the course, they seemed to be saying. ► pervert the course of justice Another Leeds player, defender Michael Duberry, pleaded not guilty to conspiracy to pervert the course of justice. Archer denies perjury, perverting the course of justice and using a false instrument. But tonight Crabb is starting a life sentence for murder and Taylor was given nine years for perverting the course of justice. It is claimed Metclafe inflicted grievous bodily harm to a man and then attempted to pervert the course of justice. Six officers were originally charged with conspiracy to pervert the course of justice and the seventh with unlawful wounding. The friend, Ted Francis, denies perverting the course of justice. They are also accused of conspiring to pervert the course of justice. ► remedial course/class/teacher etc About one quarter of entering college students now take at least one remedial course. Middle-class children thus tend to fill the honors and advanced-placement classes while poor children take the general and remedial classes. Most of these students take remedial classes in all three fields. People were appointed to co-ordinate the work of remedial teachers in schools. Some run efficient remedial courses, which could surely be used for youngsters who had taken a broader sixth-form course. The Association has branches throughout the country that provide information and hold remedial classes. Their placement in a remedial course confirmed their suspicions. These students traverse course after remedial course, becoming increasingly turned off to writing, increasingly convinced that they are hopelessly inadequate. ► residential course/school etc As a challenge the chief of the Poltava guberniia Department of Education offered him the directorship of this residential school for war-orphans. Casey is now in a residential school for children with emotional problems and / or learning disabilities. In fact I hear that several Outward Bound schools are offering fortnight-long residential courses on the safe removal of the fleecy top. The residential course will be a combination of talks, demonstrations and hands-on experience. The money raised will pay for two outdoor residential courses, organised for college students and Fairbridge. Therefore, the concerns raised do not apply necessarily or equally to all residential schools working with such children. They joined the six-day residential course after a careful selection process. ► run its course Greenspan suggested the recession might run its course by midyear. Once the disease has run its course, it's not likely to return. But meiosis in eggs may take half a century to run its course. Her academic job had run its course. Indeed, the recent pickup in some measures of wages suggests that the transition may already be running its course. It is by no means clear that the process of financial innovation has run its course. Now, as the debilitating treatment runs its course, Vivian's intellectual skills no longer serve her. One useful source was the huge number of glossy magazines about money that had proliferated as the yuppy decade ran its course. That agency opted to let nature run its course. We would let his interest run its course. ► stay the course Republicans are vowing to stay the course. Congratulations go to everyone who participated - they all stayed the course and helped to raise a staggering £2,180 for Cancer Research. Instead, the focus was always on staying the course, keeping at it and not quitting. Investors who stay the course would have none of this. My son had stayed the course. Perhaps three out of ten who began Jesuit formation stayed the course. Remember, most dieters fail to stay the course. Some lovers split after three days, some stay the course until they die. Ya wan na defend yurself, ya stay the course. ► steer a course It is hard for doctors to steer a course between everyone's different requirements. It was not easy to steer a course between absolute pacifism and revolutionary violence. 1[intransitive always + adverb/preposition] literary if a liquid or electricity courses somewhere, it flows there quickly:  Tears coursed down his cheeks.2[intransitive always + adverb/preposition] literary if a feeling courses through you, you feel it suddenly and strongly:  His smile sent waves of excitement coursing through her.3[intransitive, transitive] to chase rabbits with dogs as a sport
随便看	gritter gritty Grizedale Forest grizzle grizzled grizzly bear groan groat grocer grocery grog groggy groin grommet groom grooming groomsman groove grooved groovy grope gross gross domestic product grossed out grossly

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