chemicalchemical2 ●●● W3 AWL adjective [only before noun] 
the chemical composition of bleach a chemical analysis of the soil—chemically /-kli/ adverb: Chemically, the substances are similar.
WORD ORIGINchemical2
Origin:
1500-1600 Modern Latin chimicus ‘alchemist’, from Medieval Latin alchimicus, from alchymia; ➔ ALCHEMYEXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES
- chemical engineering
- a chemical analysis of the skeletons
- For example, the natural arrangement of the chemical elements in Mendeleyev's periodic table has groups of traits reappearing cyclically.
- In Zurich, stocks eased, led down by the chemical sector.
- Rather, it was based on the fact that chemical weapons are not useful for us.
- Samples of rock from them have provided researchers with most of their knowledge of the chemical makeup of the mantle.
- The hon. Member for Londonderry, East asked about emissions from the chemical incinerator at the Coalite works.
- The quick way is not to use any artificial fertilisers, chemical sprays or dusts.
- Traditionally, the rare earths have been used as catalysts in the chemical industry and in flints for cigarette lighters.
WORD SETS
acetate, nounacid, nounacidic, adjectiveacidify, verbactive, adjectiveadditive, nounagent, nounalchemy, nounalcohol, nounalkali, nounalkaline, adjectiveamalgam, nounantioxidant, noun-ate, suffixatomic number, nounbase, nounbauxite, nounbeaker, nounbenzene, nounbiochemistry, nounbitumen, nounbleach, nounbond, nounbonding, nouncalcify, verbcarbohydrate, nouncarbonate, nouncarbon dioxide, nouncarbonize, verbcatalyst, nouncaustic, adjectivechain reaction, nounchemical, nounchemical, adjectivechemical reaction, nounchemist, nounchemistry, nounchlorinate, verbcitric acid, nouncombustion, nounconcentration, nouncondense, verbcontaminant, nouncontaminate, verbcontaminated, adjectivecorrode, verbcorrosion, nouncorrosive, adjectivecrucible, nouncrystal, nouncrystallize, verbcyanide, nounDDT, noundecay, verbdecay, noundecompose, verbdegrade, verbderive, verbdetoxification, noundextrose, noundioxin, noundispersion, noundissolve, verbdistill, verbeffervesce, verbeffervescent, adjectiveelectrolysis, nounelectrolyte, nounelectroplate, verbemulsify, verbemulsion, nounenzyme, nounexpand, verbfatty acid, nounferment, verbferment, nounflashback, nounflask, nounformaldehyde, nounformula, nounfructose, nounfungicide, nounfuse, verbgas, noungaseous, adjectiveglucose, noungranular, adjectivegraphite, nounhallucinogen, nounhelium, nounherbicide, nounhydrate, nouninert, adjectiveinsoluble, adjectiveinsulin, nounion, nounionize, verblactic acid, nounlimescale, nounlitmus, nounlitmus paper, nounlitmus test, nounmethane, nounmixture, nounmolecule, nounneon, nounnerve gas, nounneutralize, verbneutron, nounnitric acid, nounnucleic acid, nounnucleus, nounnutrient, nounorganic chemistry, nounosmosis, nounoxidize, verboxyacetylene, nounoxygenate, verbozone, nounpart, nounpectin, nounpesticide, nounpestle, nounpetrochemical, nounpH, nounphotosynthesis, nounplasma, nounpolyunsaturated, adjectivepotash, nounprecipitate, verbprecipitate, nounprecipitation, nounproduct, nounprussic acid, nounquicklime, nounradioactive, adjectiveradioactivity, nounradiology, nounreact, verbreaction, nounreactive, adjectivereagent, nounresidue, nounretort, nounriboflavin, nounsalt, nounsaltpetre, nounsaturate, verbsaturated, adjectivesaturation, nounsaturation point, nounsemiconductor, nounsoft, adjectivesolid, nounsolution, nounsolvent, nounstability, nounstabilizer, nounstable, adjectivestarch, nounsteam, nounsucrose, nounsulphate, nounsulphide, nounsulphur, nounsulphur dioxide, nounsulphuric acid, nounsulphurous, adjectivesurface tension, nounsuspension, nounsynthesize, verbsynthetic, adjectivetannin, nountartaric acid, nounTNT, noununstable, adjectivevalence, nounvitamin, nounvolatile, adjectivevulcanize, verbwater softener, nounwater-soluble, adjectivewater vapour, nounwetting agent, noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES industrial pollutants in the lake Toxic chemicals were spilled into the river.
· a global chemical weapons ban
(=formed by a chemical process involving two or more elements)
industrial pollutants in the lake· Chemical pollution threatens the survival of these animals.
· They grouped the known elements by chemical properties.
Toxic chemicals were spilled into the river. (=using chemicals, for example poisonous gases, as weapons)· the consequences of America’s chemical warfare in Vietnam
· pollution caused by industrial waste
(=weapons that use chemicals such as poisonous gases, or dangerous germs)· Troops may have been exposed to chemical weapons.
COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSNOUN· According to Hocking, paper cups can not be recycled because they contain chemical additives.· These deer are grass-fed; growth hormones or other chemical additives are not used.· It claims that the stringent tests applied to chemical additives would lead to unacceptable delays in the introduction of genetically-altered foods.
· Chemical Disinfection Many chemical agents are used for disinfection.· A hand-held chemical agent monitor determines whether any contaminants are still present.· To prevent this happening chemical agents known as sequestrants are used which bind up the residues preventing them from dropping out of solution.· Some military officials have asserted that the effects of exposure to chemical agents would have been evident among those troops almost immediately.
· As a multi-skilled employee, her shifts involve chemical analysis, production monitoring and work as a colourist.· It is also important that the chemical analysis of the specimen be started within 20 minutes of drawing the specimen. 191.· Ceramics Two general approaches have been much used: thin-section petrography and chemical analysis of the body fabric or composition.· It remains one of the most sensitive methods for chemical analysis ever developed.· Part of the bile samples were frozen at -20°C until chemical analysis.· Typically, the chemical analysis for each sample yields results on over twenty elements.· The chemical analysis of precious metal artefacts can be difficult because their value and decorative finish usually prevent sampling.
· Atomic theory explained chemical change as the rearrangement of unchanging atoms, and therefore in a sense as superficial.· If the patient had polio, the fluid showed cellular and chemical changes consistent enough for physicians to diagnose the disease.· This triggers chemical changes in your body, which reacts as if threatened by a foreign substance.· Fighting for its life causes chemical changes in the flesh.· The material responds to the pattern of spots, undergoing chemical changes at the bright ones.
· The air samples could give scientists vital information about long-term changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere.· Irons come in a variety of classes with different crystal structures, chemical compositions, and inclusions of other minerals.· Glaze chemical composition also affects its absorption of light.· How did the planets pick up the necessary angular momentum, and why do the planets have different chemical compositions?· Can astronomers deduce, from the chemical composition of the leftover stars, how big it was?· Other chemical sediments are also characterized by their chemical composition in relation to origin.· Doing this changed the chemical composition of the atmosphere, ocean and surface rock.· Although they share the same chemical composition and crystal form, emerald is by far the more valuable.
· Their oxygen is kept not as a gas, but as a chemical compound.· Vent water is enriched in reduced chemical compounds, especially hydrogen sulfide.· The inert gases are so called because they do not readily form chemical compounds.· In nature, the elements form stable chemical compounds with each other, usually involving oxygen.· The criminals also sold a chemical compound they claimed the law mandated to make made wheelchair access ramps and floors slip resistant.· About a hundred chemical compounds were continuously measured in the air, soil, and water throughout the whole structure.· Like all chemical compounds, minerals are homogeneous: A mineral can not be separated mechanically into different substances.
· Anyway, chemical dependency is easier to study than other sorts.
· Overall labour requirement is minimised by the use of heat and chemical energy in the soaking process.· In effect, they convert the energy of the electromagnetic radiation into chemical energy.· But now this energy was in an easily useable form - chemical energy.· For example, when coal is burned, chemical energy is transformed into thermal energy.· By means of photosynthesis, plants convert the radiant energy of the sun into chemical energy.· These allow a store of chemical energy to be converted to electrical energy as required.· The technique of splitting water to release chemical energy is half of the process known as photosynthesis.· Chemicals: Used in machines chemicals replace direct manual energy such as wiping, scrubbing and scraping with chemical energy.
· This is based on calculations performed by chemical engineers and also on experimental trials carried out in a laboratory or pilot plant.· My father a chemical engineer way out ahead of most of his peers.· What do you do if you are a bored chemical engineer in Linden, New Jersey?
· They were the basis of the first textbook on chemical engineering which Davis published in 1901.· David Rumschitzki, a professor of chemical engineering, said that he virtually never saw a student who began in mid-level remediation.· Wirral-born Mike joined the company in 1979 from Newcastle University where he gained a chemical engineering degree.· A leaning toward chemistry and chemical engineering was no doubt kindled in some way by a Mickey Mouse comic strip.· He undoubtedly made a major contribution, not only to the profession of chemical engineering but to technology and technological education generally.· His work led to the formation in 1919 of the chemical engineering group of the Society of Chemical Industry.· The research activities of the department are very wide, encompassing most areas of chemical engineering.· After a short period Lymn took Rambush into partnership, forming the gas and chemical engineering firm of Lymn & Rambush.
· They say it wouldn't be necessary at all if farmers used less chemical fertilisers on their land.· Four more test orchards were managed conventionally, with the full arsenal of chemical fertilisers and pesticides.· They have to decide whether or not to use chemical fertilisers, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides.
· Without earthworms and other soil life, no amount of cultivations and chemical fertilizers will build and sustain true structure and fertility.· The other was an agricultural revolution based on chemical fertilizers, irrigation, and improved seed strains that dramatically expanded food supplies.· It's based on chemical fertilizer, I've bags of the stuff.· Another useful salt is plain old chemical fertilizer.· The long-term dangers of land degradation from irrigation and chemical fertilizers are growing.· The colonial world can be hit by a shortage in chemical fertilizers.· I suppose such things were happy on our land because we never put chemical fertilizers on it.
· Other types of cancer were also found to be higher in geographical areas where chemical plants were situated.· This and subsequent work contributed significantly to the current understanding of hazards from chemical plants and lead to special legislation.· Don't grow a chemical plant in your fridge.· The latter half of the book should be essential reading for all chemists and engineers working on chemical plants.
· The true effect on wild dolphin populations of prolonged exposure to chemical pollutants is hard to measure.· Compounding scarcity is the growing problem of water degradation caused by saltwater intrusions, chemical pollutants, and human sewage.· It contains fewer chemical pollutants, which asthmatics are often allergic to, and so helps to prevent asthma attacks.· Whilst our cities wheeze from the effects of chemical pollutants there is another form of pollution gathering in the atmosphere.
· However, there is abundant anecdotal evidence of the effects of chemical pollution on the populations of small cetaceans inhabiting industrialised areas.· For humans, the chemical pollution threatens our fertility, intelligence and our very survival as a species, the environmentalists say.· Because of chemical pollution of rivers, the cost of producing safe, palatable drinking water has risen dramatically.
· All green plants depend on light to power the chemical processes by which they synthesise their body substances from simple elements.· Throughout their monthlong stay, they relied or mechanical and chemical processes to recycle their air and water.· Such a situation does often arise, for example in the feedback control of a chemical process.· It was a remarkable discovery, a previously unknown chemical process that Knittle had stumbled on to.· Clearly, there is need for more detailed work on thermodynamic and chemical processes in small gasifiers.· Their goal is to recycle all air, water and solid wastes using mechanical and chemical processes as well as plants.· Cold inhibits or prevents plant growth and slows down chemical processes in soils, prolonging the period of maturation.· The relative abundance of these elements is increasingly being used to trace chemical processes in the mantle, crust, and oceans.
· Small quantities of chemical products and consumer goods are exported to neighbouring Arab countries.· South Coast processes and stores oil and chemical products.· Handling chemical products of high quality is not easy.· While there are relatively few chemicals usable for cleaning and disinfection there are many, probably thousands, of chemical products.· This may include labour and power as well as chemical products and equipment with separate metering of electricity and gas supplies.· The inflammatory cell infiltrate and its chemical products may influence intestinal permeability in various ways.· Which parts, for instance, of a car, a television, a house, are based on chemical products?· They are used to produce 90 percent of all chemical products at some stage in their manufacture.
· It briefly describes the origins, uses and importance of these elements before considering the factors underlying their chemical properties.· It is easier to observe and measure electrical activity than it is to understand the chemical properties.
· Applications here focus on using gigabit networks to combine the processing power of multiple supercomputers for climate and chemical reaction modeling.· At one time it was thought that all chemical reactions were exothermic.· Commercially pure ethanol is produced using a variety of chemical reactions to eliminate the water.· The movement of trace-elements through the environment A large number of chemical reactions take place when trace metals move through the environment.· That released the firing pin, which in turn fired the percussion cap and triggered a chemical reaction that generated oxygen.· The rates of chemical reactions are dealt with in detail in chapter 9.· Thus chemical reactions occur in the vapor phase.
· It could be that some underlying defect opens the way to both candidiasis and chemical sensitivity.· This has led some doctors to dismiss the whole idea of chemical sensitivity and claim that all such patients are hyperventilating.· This suggests that there is some other deficiency as well in those with chemical sensitivity - perhaps a defect in another enzyme.· This explanation also fails to explain the observed link with chemical sensitivity.· At present, there is no good explanation for the link between candidiasis, food intolerance and chemical sensitivity.· So it seems unlikely that chemical sensitivity is allergic in origin.
· Such chemical signals would have been the forerunner of modern-day hormones.· The chemical signal can be recognized by other defensive organisms in our bodies.· But the speed of transmission is high for the transport of a chemical signal in the phloem.· To cross this gap, an action potential must be converted from an electrical signal to a chemical signal.· Perhaps a chemical signal is passed between the cells, providing another cue that the correct spot had been reached.
· During this period she published no fewer than ten books and articles in her field-the relationship between chemical structure and carcinogenicity.· No scientific lecture is ever given without slides or other visual aids, especially if chemical structures are to be shown.· The latter are particularly helpful since cholesterol becomes harmful when its chemical structure is changed through oxidisation.· In spite of the fascinating biological response, the ultimate chemical structure had turned out to be remarkably uncomplicated.· They have been applied to evolving software, hardware designs, chemical structures, music, pictures and video.· Of particular interest are genes that reduce the amount of a substance called lignin, or that weaken lignin's chemical structure.· Its chemical structure, for example, indicated that it should be a good electrical insulator.· Figure 1 shows the chemical structures of PABA-UDCA disulphate and PABA-UDCA.
· This symposium will address the question of effects of chemical substances on reproductive systems to both females and males.· She took him to a place called the Loneliness Bar, where the hostesses wore swimsuits treated with a chemical substance.· The naming or nomenclature of chemical substances falls broadly into two categories: inorganic nomenclature and organic nomenclature.· Women Inventors All matter is composed of chemical substances.· The latest system lists over 68000 chemical substances, their hazards and remedial actions.· Some chemical substances have the potential to crystallize in two alternative ways.· Mixtures All chemical substances, whether elements, compounds or mixtures, are made up of three types of particles.
· Any chemical treatment will leave hair less resilient than before and it should be treated with care accordingly.· Some chemical treatments can affect foam media, but a filter pad is immune.· Hunter, one can assume, would have advocated chemical treatment of the entire body.· Princes Metal An alloy of copper and zinc, which after chemical treatment and burnishing, has a gilt-like appearance.· As with any chemical treatment, colour can cause hair to become dry and prone to splitting, especially on the ends.· There is no chemical treatment, but it might be operable.
· Unlike snakes, lizards have not specialised in chemical warfare.· It was during the episode of Supersense on chemical warfare and trap strategy.· The Soviet Union's response has been a relentless increase in its chemical warfare capability.· The only other type of mammal to employ chemical warfare is the duck-billed platypus.· There was also the threat of chemical warfare.· But the war was over, and the pressure to investigate chemical warfare agents disappeared.· The outbreak of a new war made defence against chemical warfare agents once again an urgent problem.
· In the North Sea, Greenpeace swimmers turned back dump ships carrying chemical wastes.
· When the toad is attacked, this chemical weapon oozes out as a thick, creamy liquid.· More than a score of nations now seeks or possesses chemical weapons.· My relatives and friends lived in fear of nuclear attack or bombardment by chemical weapons.· Resolution 44/115 on chemical weapons was adopted without a vote.· Worldwide availability of chemical weapons will be higher, and we will know less about other countries' chemical activities.· One application for the X-ray destruction method could be in the politically sensitive area of destroying chemical weapons.· Next week he will appeal to the Senate to ratify a global treaty to ban chemical weapons.
WORD FAMILYnounchemicalchemistchemistryadjectivechemicaladverbchemically
relating to substances, the study of substances, or processes involving changes in substances: the chemical composition of bleach a chemical analysis of the soil—chemically /-kli/ adverb: Chemically, the substances are similar.