单词 | battle | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 | battle1 nounbattle2 verb battlebat‧tle1 /ˈbætl/ ●●● W2 noun [countable] ![]() ![]() MENU FOR battlebattle1 fight2 competition/argument3 change bad situation4 be half the battle5 a battle of wits6 battle of wills7 do battle (with somebody)8 fight your own battles9 the battle of the sexes10 the battle of the bulge Word OriginWORD ORIGINbattle1 ExamplesOrigin: 1200-1300 Old French bataille, from Late Latin battalia ‘fighting’, from Latin battuere ‘to hit’EXAMPLES FROM OTHER DICTIONARIES Thesaurus
THESAURUS► war Collocations noun [countable, uncountable] a situation in which there is fighting between countries or opposing groups within a country, with large numbers of soldiers and weapons: · He fought in World War II.· the horrors of war ► conflict noun [countable, uncountable] a situation in which there is fighting or a war – used especially in news reports: · the conflict in the Middle East· There is increasing danger of armed conflict. ► fighting noun [uncountable] a situation in which people or groups fight each other and try to kill each other: · The fighting went on for months.· Fighting in the north has resulted in hundreds of deaths. ► hostilities noun [plural] formal fighting in a war: · The agreement called on the guerrillas to cease hostilities (=stop fighting) and begin peace talks. ► warfare noun [uncountable] the activity of fighting in a war – used especially to talk about a method of fighting: · new and more advanced methods of warfare· chemical warfare ► battle noun [countable, uncountable] an occasion when two armies, groups of ships etc fight each other in one place during a war: · the great naval battles of the Napoleonic Wars· the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805· He died in battle. ► skirmish noun [countable] a short fight between small groups of soldiers, ships etc, especially one that happens away from the main part of a war or battle: · There were minor skirmishes between Indian and Pakistani troops across the border. ► combat noun [uncountable] the act of fighting, especially during a war: · Few of them had any experience of combat.· hand-to-hand combat ► action noun [uncountable] military actions carried out by the army, navy etc of a country during a war – used especially in the following phrases: · He was killed in action in 1944.· Her son went missing in action.· Her grandfather saw action (=fought) in two world wars. when people hit or attack each other► fight a situation in which people hit or attack each other because of an argument, or as a sport: · He had a fight with an older boy.· the famous fight between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman ► battle a fight between opposing armies or groups of people: · The English king was killed at the Battle of Hastings.· a battle between two rival gangs ► scuffle a short fight that is not very violent: · There was a short scuffle with the police, but no arrests were made. ► punch-up British English informal a fight in which people hit each other because of an argument: · The game turned into a punch-up. ► brawl a noisy fight between a group of people: · He was hurt in a drunken brawl. ► altercation formal a short noisy argument or fight, especially one that is not serious: · There was a brief altercation and someone called the police. ► riot a fight involving a large number of people, especially people who are protesting about something: · The book provoked riots all over Europe. when people try to achieve something► fight the process in which people try to stop something bad from happening or to improve a situation: · Schools have an important part to play in the fight against drugs.· women’s fight for equality ► battle a fight to change a situation or deal with a problem in society: · The battle against racial discrimination is not over. ► campaign a planned series of actions intended to achieve something: · Motoring organizations started a campaign for safer roads. ► struggle a long, hard fight for freedom, independence, equal rights etc: · Nkrumah led the people in their struggle for independence. ► crusade someone’s fight against something they think is morally wrong: · She intends to continue her crusade against sex and violence on TV. when people hit or attack each other► fight a situation in which people hit or attack each other because of an argument, or as a sport: · He had a fight with an older boy.· the famous fight between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman ► battle a fight between opposing armies or groups of people: · The English king was killed at the Battle of Hastings.· a battle between two rival gangs ► scuffle a short fight that is not very violent: · There was a short scuffle with the police, but no arrests were made. ► punch-up British English informal a fight in which people hit each other because of an argument: · The game turned into a punch-up. ► brawl a noisy fight between a group of people: · He was hurt in a drunken brawl. ► altercation formal a short noisy argument or fight, especially one that is not serious: · There was a brief altercation and someone called the police. ► riot a fight involving a large number of people, especially people who are protesting about something: · The book provoked riots all over Europe. when people try to achieve something► fight the process in which people try to stop something bad from happening or to improve a situation: · Schools have an important part to play in the fight against drugs.· women’s fight for equality ► battle a fight to change a situation or deal with a problem in society: · The battle against racial discrimination is not over. ► campaign a planned series of actions intended to achieve something: · Motoring organizations started a campaign for safer roads. ► struggle a long, hard fight for freedom, independence, equal rights etc: · Nkrumah led the people in their struggle for independence. ► crusade someone’s fight against something they think is morally wrong: · She intends to continue her crusade against sex and violence on TV. Longman Language Activatora situation in which people try to do better than each other► competition when people or organizations try hard to get something that they all want but only one of them can get: competition for: · Competition for these jobs is very tough - we had over 200 applicants.competition between: · There's a lot of competition between the big supermarket chains.face competition: · Today television networks face increasing competition from cable programming.fierce/strong/tough/stiff competition (=when a lot of people are all trying very hard to get something): · There is fierce competition for places on the Olympic team.be in competition with somebody/something (=to be in the situation where you are competing with someone else): · Hotels in the downtown area were in direct competition with each other.cut-throat competition (=very strong competition): · Weak management and cut-throat competition put the company out of business. ► competitive a competitive situation is one in which people try hard to do better than each other, for example in business or at school: · Amanda hated working in advertising - it was so competitive.highly/fiercely competitive (=very competitive): · The atmosphere at our school was highly competitive.· In such a fiercely competitive environment, it's inevitable that some companies will go out of business. ► rivalry when two people, teams, or companies, especially when they are similarly successful or skilled, try to do better than each other over a long period of time: rivalry between: · Holmes says that the rivalry between the two companies has been exaggerated.fierce/intense rivalry (=very strong rivalry): · There was an intense rivalry between the Brazilian and Italian teams.sibling rivalry (=when brothers and sisters try to do better than each other): · Just because sibling rivalry is normal doesn't mean you should ignore it. ► battle/fight a situation in which people or organizations fight against each other to get power or control of something, and they are all very determined to win: battle/fight for: · The President's advisors were engaged in a fierce battle for power.· The fight for the construction contract is getting more bitter by the day.straight fight British (=a competition involving only two people or groups, especially after other people or groups have stopped taking part): · The Socialist candidate beat the Liberal in a straight fight. ► race a situation in which people or groups compete to get or achieve something: · He lost to Pfeiffer in last year's mayoral race.· the arms racerace for: · In the race for the White House, candidates will promise almost anything.the race is on (=the competition has started): · The race is on to find a cure for AIDS, and drug companies have already invested millions in research. ► rat race a situation or way of life in which everyone is competing strongly all the time, especially at work, with the result that they always feel worried and they do not enjoy their lives: · I'm tired of the rat race - I'm tired of never getting ahead.· Sunday I just try to relax because Monday morning, it's back to the rat race. a fight involving a large number of people► fighting when a lot of people fight each other in a public place: · There was fighting on the streets of Paris yesterday when police and demonstrators clashed.fighting between: · Fighting between rival gangs resulted in the death of a teenage boy.fighting breaks out (=starts): · Fighting broke out between English and Dutch football fans after the game. ► riot an uncontrolled violent fight in a public place that involves a large number of people and usually damage to property, cars etc, especially among people who are protesting about something: · There were riots in several cities after it was announced that the price of bread would rise by 200%.· Four days of unrest and anti-government riots left at least three people dead.a riot breaks out (=starts): · A riot broke out after a police shooting of a local man. ► battle a fight between two large groups of people: · He was killed in a street battle in 1998.battle between: · a battle between rival gangspitched battle (=a very violent fight): · About 200 students fought pitched battles with police during the demonstrations. ► clash a short fight between two groups of people who have opposing opinions or aims: · The clashes came as farmers blockaded roads.clash between: · There were clashes last night between local residents and young people attending the rock festival. ► confrontation a situation in which there is a lot of angry disagreement between two groups, which may develop into a fight: · The police were obviously anticipating a confrontation, as they were heavily armed. ► free-for-all a fight that a lot of people in a crowd join, especially when they have no particular reason to be fighting each other: · After Mathews was attacked, a free-for-all broke out in the audience. when someone fights for or against something► fight when people try hard for a long time to stop something bad from happening or to improve a situation: fight against: · New laws have been passed to help the police in their fight against organized crime.· The fight against malnutrition and preventable diseases must continue.fight for: · Women's fight for equality has not ended.· He was a hero in the fight for independence from France. ► struggle when people try for many years to get freedom, independence, or equal rights, and a lot of people suffer, are killed, or are put in prison: · Many freedom fighters were imprisoned, but they never gave up the struggle.struggle for: · Nkrumah led the people in their struggle for independence.struggle against: · He devoted his life to the struggle against fascism and oppression. ► battle when a person or group tries hard for a long time to change a bad situation, or deal with a problem in society: battle against: · The battle against racial discrimination is not over.· The President is fully committed to the battle against the drug traffickers.win the battle against something: · They now have a good chance of winning the battle against violence and drugs in the community. ► campaign a planned set of actions or events, such as public meetings, letters to the government etc, that is intended to persuade the public that something is bad or unfair and should be changed: campaign for: · Motoring organizations have started a campaign for safer roads in the area.· the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmamentcampaign against: · Our campaign against drug abuse is supported by the medical profession.vigorous campaign (=a very strong campaign): · Clark's vigorous campaign against the dumping of nuclear waste will continue.launch/mount a campaign (=start a campaign): · Environmental groups launched a campaign against the widespread production of genetically modified crops. ► crusade a fight that someone continues for a long time, because they feel strongly that something is morally wrong and must be changed: · As a politician she's made the fight for women's rights into a personal crusade.crusade against: · She intends to continue her crusade against sex and violence on TV.crusade for: · He has begun a crusade for gun control. ► cause something such as a principle or political aim that people fight for - used especially by the people involved in fighting for it: · Our cause is just, and we are prepared to give our lives for it.cause of: · Thousands died in the cause of freedom.· The cause of Socialism is not dead. ► drive a planned effort by an organization, government etc to achieve a change within a short time that will improve a particular situation: · The Health Department launched an anti-smoking drive.economy drive (=a drive to reduce spending) British: · The government's economy drive has failed to produce the expected savings. fighting between countries or armies► war a long period of fighting, when the armies, ships, and planes of two or more countries fight against each other: · the Vietnam War· When the war ended in 1945, Europe was in chaos.win/lose a war: · Who won the Franco-Prussian War?civil war (=war between groups of people from the same country): · More Americans died in the Civil War than in World War II.war against/with: · Iran's seven-year war with Iraqwar breaks out (=war begins): · In 1874, war broke out in Europe again.the outbreak of war (=the time when a war begins): · In the months leading up to the outbreak of war, both countries were involved in a massive arms build-up.war hero: · a war hero and former fighter pilotwar veteran (=a former soldier who fought in a war): · War veterans claim that they were exposed to chemical weapons while fighting in the Gulf. ► conflict a situation in which two countries or groups are fighting against each other - used especially in news reports: · the conflict in the Middle East· Can this peace settlement bring an end to years of conflict?· The conflict began early in December 1994. ► rebellion an organized attempt to change or destroy the government by fighting against it: · The rebellion spread quickly through the Western Provinces.rebellion against: · an armed rebellion against the governmentcrush/put down a rebellion (=use force to stop it): · The army was brought in to crush the rebellion. ► fighting when soldiers fight against each other during a war or battle: · The UN had failed to stop the fighting in Rwanda.heavy/fierce fighting (=a lot of fighting when many people are hurt): · The streets of the capital are now quiet again, after three weeks of heavy fighting.renewed fighting (=fighting that starts again after it had stopped): · Some 15,000 people have fled the city, following renewed fighting. ► warfare the activity of fighting in a war - use this especially to talk about the methods of fighting that are used in war: · the history of modern warfarenuclear/chemical warfare (=fighting with nuclear bombs or poison gas): · a secret underground chemical warfare plant· Many people believe that what happened in 1940 was a British chemical warfare experiment that went wrong.guerrilla warfare (=when small unofficial military groups fight against the government): · The rebels aimed to overthrow the government through protracted guerrilla warfare. ► hostilities written when two armies or opposing groups are fighting: · Land mines maim and kill innocent people, long after hostilities have ceased. · Mexican forces were ordered to avoid all hostilities with the American troops.end hostilities: · The two sides reach an agreement to end hostilities.the start/outbreak of hostilities: · The Japanese navy scored a success only two days after the start of hostilities, by sinking two British battleships. ► battle a fight in one area between two armies, or two groups of ships or planes: · a naval battle in the North Seabattle of: · the Battle of the Sommewin/lose a battle: · The French lost the Battle of Agincourt in 1415.die/be wounded/be killed in battle: · King Olaf died in battle, in 1030.lead/send somebody into battle: · Lyndon Johnson first sent U.S. combat troops into battle in March 1965. ► skirmish a short, unplanned, and usually not very important fight between two small groups of soldiers: · Last night skirmishes were reported along the border.· Government soldiers ran into a group of rebels, and a skirmish followed. the place where a war is fought► battlefield the place where two armies fight a battle: · Thousands died on the battlefields of northern France. ► the front line/the front the place where an army is closest to the enemy and where the fighting takes place: · We were now just a few kilometres behind the front line.the Western/Eastern/Russian etc front: · Her grandfather had four years on the Western Front. ► war zone an area which is very dangerous because a war is being fought there: · the latest news from the war zone· Aid workers returning from the war zone reported seeing groups of rebels waving white flags. ► the field (of battle) the time or the place where there is fighting - use this especially to talk about fighting in general: on the field of battle: · It is better to negotiate than to settle political disputes on the field of battle.in the field: · The new weapon has not yet been tried out in the field.· He was awarded a medal for distinguished service in the field. ► theatre British /theater American a large area in which a war is being fought, especially when the war is taking place in several different areas or countries: Pacific/European/Middle East etc theatre: · It was in the Pacific theater of the war that the US won its first major victories.· Many of NATO's nuclear weapons in the European theatre are obsolete. ► war-torn relating to an area where a lot of damage has been caused by war and fighting: · In 1941, Margaret E. Ray escaped war-torn France and landed in New York.· The plan offered long-term aid to war-torn Europe. WORD SETS► Militaryaction stations, nounaide-de-camp, nounairborne, adjectiveaircraft carrier, nounairlift, nounallied, adjectivearmour, nounarms control, nounarms race, nounarray, verbassault course, nounAWOL, adjectivebalance of power, nounbandmaster, nounbandsman, nounbase, nounbattle, nounbattle, verbbattle cry, nounbattlefield, nounbattlements, nounbeachhead, nounbivouac, nounblackout, nounblast, verbblitz, nounblockade, nounblockade, verbblockhouse, nounbloodshed, nounbody bag, nounbody count, nounbomb, verbbombard, verbbombardment, nounbomb disposal, nounboot camp, nounbowman, nounbreastplate, nounbridgehead, nounbunker, nouncall-up, nouncannonade, nouncapability, nouncaptain, nouncapture, nouncarrier, nouncashier, verbcenotaph, nounchief of staff, nouncitation, nouncivil defence, nounC.O., nouncommand, nouncommand, verbcommandant, nouncommander, nouncommander in chief, nouncommand post, nouncommissariat, nouncommissary, nouncommission, nouncommissioned officer, nounconquer, verbconquest, nounconscientious objector, nounconscript, verbconscript, nounconscription, nounconvoy, verbcookhouse, nounCorp., corporal, nouncorps, nouncounterinsurgency, nouncounterintelligence, nouncountermand, verbcounter-revolution, nouncourt-martial, nouncourt-martial, verbcross, noundawn raid, noundeath camp, noundemilitarize, verbdemobilize, verbdeploy, verbdetonate, verbdisarm, verbdisarmament, noundispatch, noundraft board, noundraft card, noundraft dodger, noundraftee, noundress uniform, noundrum major, noundump, nounechelon, nounencamp, verbenemy, nounengage, verbengagement, nounenlist, verbenlisted, adjectiveexchange, nounex-serviceman, nounex-servicewoman, nounfield, verbfirst lieutenant, nounfirst strike, nounflak jacket, nounflash, nounfort, nounfortress, nounfoxhole, nounFPO, front, noungas mask, noungeneral headquarters, nounGHQ, nounguardhouse, nounheadquarters, nounhigh command, nounHQ, nounincursion, nounindefensible, adjectiveinsignia, nouninstallation, nouninsubordination, nounintelligence, nouninternment, nouninvade, verbinvader, nouninvasion, nounkit bag, nounKP, nounlieutenant, nounline, nounMaj., major, nounmajor general, nounman, nounmarch, verbmarch, nounmarch-past, nounmarshal, nounmassacre, nounmassacre, verbmess, nounmess, verbmilitarism, nounmilitarized, adjectiveMilitary Academy, nounMilitary Cross, nounmilitary service, nounmilitia, nounmilitiaman, nounminuteman, nounmission, nounMP, nounmutineer, nounmutinous, adjectivemutiny, nounnational service, nounNATO, nounNCO, nounno-man's-land, nounnon-aggression, nounnon-aligned, adjectivenon-combatant, nounobjective, nounobservation post, nounoccupation, nounoccupy, verboffence, nounoffensive, adjectiveoffensive, nounofficer, nounoperation, nounorderly, nounoutflank, verboutpost, nounoverthrow, verboverwhelm, verbpact, nounpadre, nounparade, nounparamilitary, adjectiveparapet, nounpartisan, nounpassword, nounpatrol, nounperilous, adjectiveperiscope, nounpillbox, nounpincer movement, nounpost, verbPOW, nounpre-war, adjectiveprisoner, nounprisoner of war, nounPurple Heart, nounpush, nounputsch, nounPX, nounquarter, verbquartermaster, nounquell, verbR & R, nounraid, nounraid, verbrank, nounrebellion, nounrecapture, verbreconnaissance, nounreconnoitre, verbrecruit, verbrecruit, nounreinforce, verbrelieve, verbRemembrance Day, nounrepel, verbrequisition, verbretake, verbretire, verbretreat, verbretreat, nounreview, nounreview, verbribbon, nounsabre-rattling, nounsally, nounsalute, verbsalute, nounsalvo, nounsamurai, nounscorched earth policy, nounscout, nounscout, verbscramble, verbsecond lieutenant, nounsentinel, nounsentry, nounsentry box, nounsergeant, nounsergeant major, nounserviceman, nounservicewoman, nounSgt., shell, verbshelling, nounsiege, nounskirmish, nounstaff officer, nounstaging area, nounstandard-issue, adjectivestar, nounstation, nounstation, verbstrategic, adjectivestrategist, nounstrategy, nounstripe, nounstronghold, nounsuperpower, nounsuppress, verbsurgical strike, nounsurrender, verbsurrender, nountactical, adjectivetarget, nountarget, verbtask force, nountattoo, nountheatre, nountrench warfare, nountripwire, nountruce, nounturret, noununarmed, adjectiveunoccupied, adjectivevalour, nounveteran, nounvolunteer, nounvolunteer, verbwar chest, nounwar crime, nounwar cry, nounwar dance, nounwar effort, nounwarfare, nounwarhorse, nounwarlike, adjectivewarlord, nounwar memorial, nounwarmonger, nounwarrant officer, nounwarring, adjectivewarrior, nounwar-torn, adjectivewar widow, nounwar zone, nounwounded, adjectivezero hour, noun COLLOCATIONS FROM THE ENTRY Meaning 3verbs► fight a battle Phrases (also wage a battle formal)· The police are fighting a tough battle against crime.· Many areas around here are waging a constant battle against vandalism. ► win a battle· It’s essential to win the battle against inflation. ► lose a battle· a brave little girl who lost her battle against cancer ► face a battle· Paul faces a frantic battle to be fit for the match in November. adjectives► a long/lengthy battle· his long battle with alcoholism ► an uphill battle (=one that is very difficult)· For most people losing weight is an uphill battle. ► a tough/hard battle· He faces a tough battle to prove his innocence. ► a constant battle· As a student, life was a constant battle against debt. ► a losing battle (=one that is going to fail)· She was fighting a losing battle to stop herself from crying. COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► a bitter battle/dispute· There was a bitter battle over the building of the new airport. ► battle cruiser![]() (=a legal argument about who will have custody)· He is fighting a bitter custody battle for his children. ► a desperate struggle/battle/fight· The climbers faced a desperate struggle to reach safety. ► the ensuing battle/conflict/debate etc![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() (=work hard despite great difficulties)· The Coastguard was battling against the odds to keep the oil spill from reaching the shore. ► somebody’s fight/struggle/battle for survival· Their lives had been one long struggle for survival. ► turf war/battle (=a fight or argument over the areas or things you think belong to you) ► wage a campaign/struggle/battle etc![]() ![]() (=when two determined people oppose each other)· Even the smallest decision could become an exhausting battle of wills. ► win a battle/war· Who won the battle of Waterloo? ► a war/battle/combat zone· Planes were diverted to avoid flying over the war zone. COLLOCATIONS FROM THE CORPUSADJECTIVE► bitter· Allen is involved in a bitter custody battle for his and Mia's three children.· The agreement effectively ends a bitter legal battle in two states between Mrs Harriman and the heirs.· They are now locked in a bitter custody battle over their three children.· Third, he ran for president in 1988 and lost a bitter primary battle with George Bush.· It would also help if he had been engaged in a much publicised and bitter battle with the Prime Minister.· Simpson recently won full custody of the children from the Browns after a bitter court battle.· The long-awaited report has been a key part of the couple's bitter custody battle.· In the United States, an ever-more bitter battle had been fought around this issue since abortion was legalized in 1972. ► desperate· She kept up the desperate battle until another ambulance reached them near Hexham, Northumberland.· World War I had been a desperate see-saw battle up till its closing days.· He saw that all the company had dismounted, and were fighting a desperate battle against the pack that surrounded them. ► fierce· Suddenly, it dredges up ghosts weighted down and buried in haste after a fierce battle.· He was a great horseman and he fed his horses human flesh to make them fierce in battle.· During the ensuing months, a fierce battle was raged.· Holtzman brought him down in a fierce primary battle that focused on his age.· The fierce battle for Travnik was now over, the sources said.· While Achilles stayed in his tent a fierce battle followed, the hardest yet fought.· The requirement for large body size arises from the fierce battles between males for access to females.· It is in their region, plus California, that Dole and Clinton probably will stage their fiercest battle for electoral votes. ► great· The Mullahs nest great battle with the Shah came over his White Revolution in the early 1960's.· The two-day affair at Hampton Roads attracted worldwide attention and was destined for inclusion among the great naval battles history.· He tells me of a great battle his ancestors fought near Lake Victoria.· The casualties of the greatest battle in history would be as nothing, before the carnage that might start at any second.· There was a great battle between Banba and myself.· When the engine kicked in, there was a sweet roar like the opening barrage of a great battle.· Joseph saw the wrestling day as one of his great sea battles.· And how does the Persian Gulf War rate as one of the great battles of all time? ► legal· The ruling came at the end of a five-year legal battle between a divorced couple that cost £840,000.· Raines retained Abner Burnett of Midland, and the two squared off for a legal battle.· They are also waging a legal battle to try to re-establish traditional communal rights on the mountainside.· The agreement effectively ends a bitter legal battle in two states between Mrs Harriman and the heirs.· However, after a prolonged legal battle, Fleiss said she is ready to end her standoff with state authorities.· In 1236, following a long legal battle, he secured visitation rights over the monks of Coventry.· The developer, in turn, sued the city and Pilachowski, setting off a lengthy legal battle. ► long· Shire difficulty became sheer impossibility after a months long battle to deselect David Abrahams, the previous candidate.· But Thursday, the long battle finally ended.· The 61-year-old electrician died on Monday night after losing a long battle against cancer.· Scientology has fought long battles for legal acceptance as a religion and has succeeded in many countries, including the United States.· Rehnquist confronted it himself when his wife, Natalie, died in 1991 after a long battle with ovarian cancer.· After a long battle with the local council, she was finally taken to court and fined £800.· Their long battle of need and rejection had finally come to a head. ► major· Here, in a major battle, two factors were emphasised.· A major battle must be fought to get rid of it.· His hair was the one major battle that Jazz had failed to win with his parents.· It was a really major battle.· Certainly, the Treasury was to be a major battle ground between contending philosophies.· A mere seventy air-miles or so away, a major battle was being conducted in the province of Phuoc Long.· It is to emphasise that Papert is fighting major battles over the nature of the relationship between computers and education.· This initiative caused a major battle within the team. ► pitched· After a pitched battle, no less than 29 of the gang were arrested.· There were pitched battles, so they lay in wait for you.· They must fight pitched battles, and fight in a body; and they must begin fighting as far forward as possible.· But if it came to a pitched battle, the phalanx of heavily armed, well-mounted knights was a very formidable weapon.· There followed a pitched battle at a bridge across the Dnestr river leading into the town.· It is surprising, therefore, how seldom armies joined in pitched battle in the eleventh and twelfth centuries.· The scene was all set for a pitched battle.· There are few archers or hand gunners who can stand against decent combat troops in a pitched battle. ► political· Some of us even enjoy the political battles, provided we win a few.· Here the political gender battle is reversed.· But it may be only the beginning as the political battle over welfare reform is about to be joined.· The repairs debacle has become a political battle symbolising the party's awkward relationship to its own supporters.· South Carolina was an epic political battle, and Bush won it well.· Truman, who particularly relished a political battle when he was the underdog, fought back.· The hard-liners have not vanished, and the political battles ahead will be intense. ► running· I was not told, when we left, that I should have to fight a running battle with four hundred horsemen.· As well as his running battle with Monkou, he left stud marks on defender Richard Hall.· Pope and he kept up a running literary battle.· In the resulting confrontation several hundred Mohawks armed with clubs and guns fought running battles with police.· An even longer running battle was fought in the royal dockyards.· GEC/Siemens raised their bid to £2 billion in August 1989 and this proved sufficient to end the long running battle.· For years he had continued a running battle with producers and film companies whom he saw as the bad guys. ► uphill· Video-Taped report follows Voice over Oxford's uphill battle against relegation continues tomorrow at Barnsley.· Strickland, a strong environmentalist, is in an uphill battle against Rep.· Ordinary civility was an uphill battle for him.· However, each parlor faces an uphill battle because the city hired a financial consulting firm to review the applications.· While critics of his decision gained momentum Thursday, the record shows they face an uphill battle.· Dole faces an uphill battle in the state-by-state electoral vote battle.· But getting those messages to women may be an uphill battle.· Fencing: The team epee competition begins but the United States faces an uphill battle. NOUN► budget· He would talk about what is going on in the budget battle, what is going on in the Medicare debate.· Now, however, the Clinton administration does not have the funds due to its budget battle with the Republican-controlled Congress. ► court· His government collapsed, and he has spent six years fighting-and winning-court battles, often on technicalities.· And an expensive court battle will drag on for years; and, whatever the out-come, the owner loses.· He gave her specialist child custody advice and helped her win legal aid for her court battle.· Flood never enjoyed the freedom he sought in baseball, but his efforts paved the way for other court battles.· Why did Angela Smith's wedding day turn into a ding-dong court battle? 12.· Simpson recently won full custody of the children from the Browns after a bitter court battle.· The court battle would drag on for years, long after Groucho was dead. ► cry· His battle cry was echoed by Baal and Set, as they hurtled forward in his wake.· We are springing to the call of our brothers gone before, Shouting the battle cry of Freedom.· She heard his cry, perhaps the battle cry of his northern forefathers when they prepared to attack.· And we bear the glorious stars for the Union and the right, Shouting the battle cry of Freedom!· The new battle cry was: Year-Round Casual.· Their battle cry at the moment is: To know synchronized swimming is to love synchronized swimming.· Her parting gesture, almost a battle cry.· They let off a battle cry. ► custody· Allen is involved in a bitter custody battle for his and Mia's three children.· On all sides of the debate, experts agree that children have already lost as soon as a custody battle begins.· They are now locked in a bitter custody battle over their three children.· And he never mentioned the custody battle for his two young children that recently ended.· The long-awaited report has been a key part of the couple's bitter custody battle.· So was the custody battle over her children.· In a custody battle she would naturally be awarded the boy. ► gun· Seven police officers were injured in a gun battle.· But none of that happened without running gun battles with the centralizers in Washington.· On April 28 eight people died and more than 20 were injured in a gun battle in the village of Troitskaya.· After 10 days of gun battles, Federal troops were called out to quell the violence.· In the gun battle that followed all the rebels were shot dead except one-17-year-old Bhagwati Chaudhary.· His parents were told at first that he was hit in the chest during a gun battle.· Khosana was shot dead in an ensuing gun battle with Ciskeian troops.· Last Sunday 22 people died and 52 were injured in gun battles and by landmines in the state. ► lines· The battle lines, it seemed, had already been drawn.· The battle lines are not at all clear: a competitor may also be an alliance partner.· The battle lines over animal research are being drawn in California.· In local news, the battle lines between rival news operations are being blurred even more.· In December the Red Cross persuaded both sides to allow it to cross their battle lines.· He notes battle lines are being drawn in the foothills of the Tortolita Mountains, just north of Tucson.· The battle lines have been drawn.· Pete Wilson yesterday, drawing a strongly worded veto but defining the battle lines after months of debate and anguished decisions. ► scene· How to convey the battle scene posed a problem.· Lawrence were now making their way from Fort Monroe toward the battle scene.· He and his co-stars describe how scary it was filming the battle scenes in their new movie.· But be warned: The battle scenes are as fierce and brutal as the reality of bladed warfare.· Life size models of the medieval lords, and a dramatic civil war battle scene, are just some of the attractions.· The streets were busy but seemed far removed from the battle scene across the river.· Growing in the most sinister manner, it is embedded in a battle scene taking place across the River Nile. ► zone· Below us was the battle zone, 464 square miles of urban decay, whose every street was a border to some one.· Voice over More recently the Hercules has again headed for a battle zone.· For two hours, they're packed together as the Hercules fly low above the make believe battle zone.· Migrants flocking in panic from the battle zone provided a useful veil of confusion. VERB► engage· At least 200 rebels, massed towards Gifunzo in Rutana Province, were engaged in battle.· Our country is engaged in a pitched battle in a fiercely competitive commercial world.· They explain that the patient is engaged in a legal battle with his brother over some land.· Police and demonstrators regularly engage in running battles near Mr Suharto's home in central Jakarta.· Earlier in the day, warriors will engage in mock battle.· Across the table from Kelly, Annie and Bill were engaged in a silent battle of wills.· My feelings and my thoughts were engaged in a battle royal inside me. ► face· But now they face a battle to save another from being stripped of trees for a paper and pulp mill.· However, each parlor faces an uphill battle because the city hired a financial consulting firm to review the applications.· The spread was helped by the Army since the idea appealed to soldiers facing possible death in battle.· Kopp said he faced an uphill battle in winning approval for the bill.· But now Reynolds faces a new battle to force the sport's rulers to hand over the £18.5 million.· Dole faces an uphill battle in the state-by-state electoral vote battle.· Read in studio Jaguar is facing a High Court battle over cancelled orders for its new supercar.· Beck now faced a second battle. ► fight· But above all we are determined and able to fight battles.· She has a talent for playing modern women who must find the inner strength to fight their own battles.· No one wants to end up fighting a patent battle in court because financially only the lawyers win.· Weight remains a sensitive issue for Engler, who is constantly fighting a sometimes serious battle of the bulge.· We invaded Ireland and fought our own battles there.· Scientology has fought long battles for legal acceptance as a religion and has succeeded in many countries, including the United States.· Or was it to organise workpeople to fight the most immediate battles?· It is not we who have to fight the battle for spiritual progress, as it were. ► join· The romantic novelist Dame Barbara Cartland has joined the battle to save an eleventh century abbey.· Upon seeing what has become of his homeland and her people, Diego joins the battle for liberty and justice.· As I was soon to find, he was a man you could like even when you were joined in battle with him.· He went to join the battle and, all unskilled in warfare, he was killed at once.· A nationalist militia, the Mai Mai, has also joined battle with both sides.· He could have joined battle, lost, and opted for some face-saving rapprochement.· He would join in battle or in love so closely with a human that a link was established that worked both ways.· Last week, an opposing group of retired officers joined the battle on the side of the Pentagon. ► kill· Secondly, James may have been killed either before the battle or at its beginning.· Between 14 and 16 July twenty-two people were killed in the battles between blacks, the police, and the National Guard. ► lead· A career soldier, he had died leading his men into battle at Spion Kop during the Boer War.· There are numerous examples of kings themselves leading in battle. ► lock· Last year, when his party was in opposition and locked in a leadership battle, 60% of its supporters voted No.· Budapest Week is now locked in a circulation battle with the new weekly broadsheet, the Budapest Post.· Lomb has been locked in a fierce battle with Johnson&.· For more than a year now Mr Kohl has been locked in a battle to rescue his battered reputation for posterity. ► lose· This was like a general who had lost a battle or some important territory being disciplined or shot.· In 1986, Lynott lost the battle and passed on.· Although already gravely ill, she posed for this graduation picture just days before losing her battle against cancer.· Third, he ran for president in 1988 and lost a bitter primary battle with George Bush.· The 61-year-old electrician died on Monday night after losing a long battle against cancer.· It may be, in the long run, more productive to lose the battle but win the war.· The govern ment has lost the battle for the hearts and minds of the people.· Had Roosevelt not died, the Corps might well have lost the battle. ► pitch· There was a pitched battle here a few hours ago, but soldiers are nowhere in sight now.· I had expected rage, flying pupusas, a pitched battle.· For three weeks he witnessed pitched battles between gendarmes and young demonstrators in the streets of Tizi-Ouzou.· She so much wanted to avoid another pitched battle with her son.· There were once pitched battles and riotous football matches between colliers and tradesmen around the turn of the last century.· The month before, the Metropolitans had fought a pitched battle with their rivals for control of City Hall.· He describes how he killed two young workers taken prisoner in a pitched battle inside a factory workshop.· Our country is engaged in a pitched battle in a fiercely competitive commercial world. ► prepare· In the yard, the protagonists were preparing for battle.· Concurrently, adrenaline-related substances are at work, increasing your heart rate and constricting your arteries to prepare you for battle.· Every general has his own method for preparing his troops for battle and I am no exception.· Front-line troops were prepared for battle.· Mr Scargill urged the miners to prepare for battle: they must stand firm over their wage claim.· The two opposing forces around Guanajuato prepared for battle.· When the Night Goblins prepare for battle they brew huge quantities of fungus beer to bolster their courage.· They dash across the road and prepare for battle. ► wage· Pasok denied yesterday it was waging a battle on two fronts.· They waged a battle, and we waged a skirmish, and they won.· Bernard would lie awake for hours waging his nightly battle with carnality, slapping it down, groaning.· Both sides say that thousands of Californians have joined grass-roots groups that are waging the battle over the initiative.· But women beyond the West were also waging another kind of battle: against colonialism and for independence.· But they were also deeply different and waged frequent verbal battles.· They are also waging a legal battle to try to re-establish traditional communal rights on the mountainside.· Who remains to wage the battles and to sound the trumpets? ► win· The Treasury-tight-knit, secretive, ferociously intelligent-is winning the battle.· When we beat them, we won the turnover battle.· These arguments win only half the battle.· Hicks won a battle for a loose puck from two Sharks.· They did not understand the nature of honour or how to win glory in battle.· High Elf mages are mighty spell casters whose fiery blasts and awesome energies have won many a battle.· George Westinghouse had clearly won the battle of the currents. PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► do battle (with somebody) 1fight a fight between opposing armies, groups of ships, groups of people etc, especially one that is part of a larger war:
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EXAMPLES FROM THE CORPUS word sets
WORD SETS► Military Collocationsaction stations, nounaide-de-camp, nounairborne, adjectiveaircraft carrier, nounairlift, nounallied, adjectivearmour, nounarms control, nounarms race, nounarray, verbassault course, nounAWOL, adjectivebalance of power, nounbandmaster, nounbandsman, nounbase, nounbattle, nounbattle, verbbattle cry, nounbattlefield, nounbattlements, nounbeachhead, nounbivouac, nounblackout, nounblast, verbblitz, nounblockade, nounblockade, verbblockhouse, nounbloodshed, nounbody bag, nounbody count, nounbomb, verbbombard, verbbombardment, nounbomb disposal, nounboot camp, nounbowman, nounbreastplate, nounbridgehead, nounbunker, nouncall-up, nouncannonade, nouncapability, nouncaptain, nouncapture, nouncarrier, nouncashier, verbcenotaph, nounchief of staff, nouncitation, nouncivil defence, nounC.O., nouncommand, nouncommand, verbcommandant, nouncommander, nouncommander in chief, nouncommand post, nouncommissariat, nouncommissary, nouncommission, nouncommissioned officer, nounconquer, verbconquest, nounconscientious objector, nounconscript, verbconscript, nounconscription, nounconvoy, verbcookhouse, nounCorp., corporal, nouncorps, nouncounterinsurgency, nouncounterintelligence, nouncountermand, verbcounter-revolution, nouncourt-martial, nouncourt-martial, verbcross, noundawn raid, noundeath camp, noundemilitarize, verbdemobilize, verbdeploy, verbdetonate, verbdisarm, verbdisarmament, noundispatch, noundraft board, noundraft card, noundraft dodger, noundraftee, noundress uniform, noundrum major, noundump, nounechelon, nounencamp, verbenemy, nounengage, verbengagement, nounenlist, verbenlisted, adjectiveexchange, nounex-serviceman, nounex-servicewoman, nounfield, verbfirst lieutenant, nounfirst strike, nounflak jacket, nounflash, nounfort, nounfortress, nounfoxhole, nounFPO, front, noungas mask, noungeneral headquarters, nounGHQ, nounguardhouse, nounheadquarters, nounhigh command, nounHQ, nounincursion, nounindefensible, adjectiveinsignia, nouninstallation, nouninsubordination, nounintelligence, nouninternment, nouninvade, verbinvader, nouninvasion, nounkit bag, nounKP, nounlieutenant, nounline, nounMaj., major, nounmajor general, nounman, nounmarch, verbmarch, nounmarch-past, nounmarshal, nounmassacre, nounmassacre, verbmess, nounmess, verbmilitarism, nounmilitarized, adjectiveMilitary Academy, nounMilitary Cross, nounmilitary service, nounmilitia, nounmilitiaman, nounminuteman, nounmission, nounMP, nounmutineer, nounmutinous, adjectivemutiny, nounnational service, nounNATO, nounNCO, nounno-man's-land, nounnon-aggression, nounnon-aligned, adjectivenon-combatant, nounobjective, nounobservation post, nounoccupation, nounoccupy, verboffence, nounoffensive, adjectiveoffensive, nounofficer, nounoperation, nounorderly, nounoutflank, verboutpost, nounoverthrow, verboverwhelm, verbpact, nounpadre, nounparade, nounparamilitary, adjectiveparapet, nounpartisan, nounpassword, nounpatrol, nounperilous, adjectiveperiscope, nounpillbox, nounpincer movement, nounpost, verbPOW, nounpre-war, adjectiveprisoner, nounprisoner of war, nounPurple Heart, nounpush, nounputsch, nounPX, nounquarter, verbquartermaster, nounquell, verbR & R, nounraid, nounraid, verbrank, nounrebellion, nounrecapture, verbreconnaissance, nounreconnoitre, verbrecruit, verbrecruit, nounreinforce, verbrelieve, verbRemembrance Day, nounrepel, verbrequisition, verbretake, verbretire, verbretreat, verbretreat, nounreview, nounreview, verbribbon, nounsabre-rattling, nounsally, nounsalute, verbsalute, nounsalvo, nounsamurai, nounscorched earth policy, nounscout, nounscout, verbscramble, verbsecond lieutenant, nounsentinel, nounsentry, nounsentry box, nounsergeant, nounsergeant major, nounserviceman, nounservicewoman, nounSgt., shell, verbshelling, nounsiege, nounskirmish, nounstaff officer, nounstaging area, nounstandard-issue, adjectivestar, nounstation, nounstation, verbstrategic, adjectivestrategist, nounstrategy, nounstripe, nounstronghold, nounsuperpower, nounsuppress, verbsurgical strike, nounsurrender, verbsurrender, nountactical, adjectivetarget, nountarget, verbtask force, nountattoo, nountheatre, nountrench warfare, nountripwire, nountruce, nounturret, noununarmed, adjectiveunoccupied, adjectivevalour, nounveteran, nounvolunteer, nounvolunteer, verbwar chest, nounwar crime, nounwar cry, nounwar dance, nounwar effort, nounwarfare, nounwarhorse, nounwarlike, adjectivewarlord, nounwar memorial, nounwarmonger, nounwarrant officer, nounwarring, adjectivewarrior, nounwar-torn, adjectivewar widow, nounwar zone, nounwounded, adjectivezero hour, noun COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES► a bitter battle/dispute Phrases· There was a bitter battle over the building of the new airport. ► battle cruiser![]() (=a legal argument about who will have custody)· He is fighting a bitter custody battle for his children. ► a desperate struggle/battle/fight· The climbers faced a desperate struggle to reach safety. ► the ensuing battle/conflict/debate etc![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() (=work hard despite great difficulties)· The Coastguard was battling against the odds to keep the oil spill from reaching the shore. ► somebody’s fight/struggle/battle for survival· Their lives had been one long struggle for survival. ► turf war/battle (=a fight or argument over the areas or things you think belong to you) ► wage a campaign/struggle/battle etc![]() ![]() (=when two determined people oppose each other)· Even the smallest decision could become an exhausting battle of wills. ► win a battle/war· Who won the battle of Waterloo? ► a war/battle/combat zone· Planes were diverted to avoid flying over the war zone. PHRASES FROM THE ENTRY► battle it out 1[intransitive, transitive] to try very hard to achieve something that is difficult or dangerous:
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