carouseln.

/karuːˈzɛl/

Forms: Also 1800s– carrousel.

Etymology: < French carrousel, < Italian carosello, garosello ‘a kind of joust or feat on horseback’. Littré takes Italian carosello or garosello as diminutive of garoso, quarrelsome, contentious, < gara quarrel, strife; but this is doubtful, and possibly the etymological form was carrosello, < carro chariot.)

a. ‘A tournament in which knights, divided into companies (quadrilles) distinguished by their liveries and dresses, engaged in various plays and exercises; to this were often added chariot races, and other shows and entertainments’ (Littré).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > a public show or spectacle > type of show or spectacle > [noun] > tournament as entertainment

carousel1650

tournament1701

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > jousting or tilting > [noun] > joust or tournament

tournament?c1225

joust1297

tourney13..

justeningc1400

tournament of warc1400

inturnementc1440

tilt1511

jostle1607

tilting?1617

hippomachia1623

carousel1650

fortuny1676

1650 A. Marvell Death Ld. Hastings Before the Crystal Palace where he dwells The Armed Angels hold their Carousels.

1686 London Gaz. No. 2117/4 A great carousel is preparing here [i.e. in Paris] against Easter.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 350 This Game, these Carousels Ascanius taught.

1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. xxxi. 188 The Carousel, the expence of which amounted to seventy thousand crowns.

1839 G. P. R. James Louis XIV III. 27 Those carousels and mock-fights.

1864 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia IV. xvi. vi. 316 Carrousel..is, in fact, a kind of superb betailored running at the ring.

b. Erroneously identified with carousal in historical use.

ΚΠ

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 33. ⁋10 A Carousal, wherein many of the Youth of the first Quality..ran for the Prize.

1754 D. Hume Hist. Great Brit. I. 165 His fine taste in dress, festivals, and carrousals.

1774 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry I. vi. 245 A royal carousal given by Charles the fifth of France to the emperor.

1823 J. Lingard Hist. Eng. VI. 23 The young king loitered for weeks at Calais, spending his time in carousals and entertainments.

1858 J. R. Planché tr. Four & Twenty Fairy Tales 440 After which, there were ballets, carousals, and a thousand other things.

2. A merry-go-round, a roundabout. Also attributive. Chiefly U.S. (where frequently written carrousel).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > place of amusement or entertainment > fairground or amusement park > [noun] > fairground ride > merry-go-round

carousel1673

whimsic chair?c1684

whimsy1684

merry-go-round1729

roundabout1763

turnabout1789

whirligig1816

spin-'em-round1851

go-round1857

whirly-go-round1865

merry-go-around1873

giddy-go-round1879

go-around1888

razzle-dazzle1890

joy-wheel1911

chairoplane1922

whip1925

Noah's Ark1945

waltzer1961

swirl1962

1673 R. Folyarte Let. in D. Braithwaite Fairground Archit. (1968) iii. 34 A new and rare invencon knowne by the name of the royalle carousell or tournament being framed and contrived with such engines as will not only afford great pleasure to us and our nobility in the sight thereof, but sufficient instruction to all such ingenious young gentlemen as desire to learne the art of perfect horsemanshipp.

1899 N.Y. Times Illustr. Mag. in F. Fried Pict. Hist. Carousel (1964) iii. 82 A carousel costs from $300 to $10,000 according to the decoration and finish... A carousel that will seat 60 riders measures 40 feet in diameter and costs $2,200.

1909 Sat. Evening Post 13 Mar. 64/1 We make everything..from a hand-power Merry-Go-Round to the highest grade Carousselles.

1951 J. D. Salinger Catcher in Rye xxv. 250 She sat down on this big..horse. Then the carousel started, and I watched her go round and round.

1956 E. Ambler Night-comers iii. 58 There was even a small fair in progress. A carousel had been set up.

1958 S. Ellin Eighth Circle (1959) ii. xi. 122 A faraway sound of carrousel music.

1968 ‘R. Petrie’ MacLurg goes West x. 89 Bracketed on, so that they hung semi-rampant..were the two carousel horses.

3. (See quot. 1961.) Now esp. one at airports for the delivery of passengers' luggage.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > circular

carousel1961

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > other means of conveyance > [noun] > conveyor > types of

rolling road1905

conveyor belt1906

tilting bucket conveyor1911

slat conveyor1916

carousel1961

1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Carrousel, a conveyor (as for assembly-line work) on which objects are placed and carried round a complete circuit on a horizontal plane.

1970 Which? Nov. 352/1 Older people..found it hard to tug their cases off the carousels.

Draft additions March 2007

carousel fraud n. British a fraudulent scheme to generate VAT rebates (or occasionally government grants) in which goods are imported and exported across a network of (dummy) companies.

ΚΠ

1989 Financial Times 10 Mar. 18/4 The ‘carousel’ fraud in Northern Ireland, which involved smuggling cattle from Northern Ireland into the Irish Republic, re-exporting them to the north, and then claiming £60-£100 a head in currency support grants.

2002 Guardian 17 Aug. i. 8/1 In more sophisticated versions called carousel fraud, the phones are imported, VAT free, and pass through the hands of a number of companies. Somewhere in the chain there will be a trader who disappears with the VAT money. Eventually, the goods are exported back out of the UK. Then they return, to go round again with a new missing trader.

2006 G. Malkani Londonstani xxv. 312 They call it VAT carousel fraud. I like to think of it as the mother of all tax dodges.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	carousel
释义	carouseln. /karuːˈzɛl/ Forms: Also 1800s– carrousel. Etymology: < French carrousel, < Italian carosello, garosello ‘a kind of joust or feat on horseback’. Littré takes Italian carosello or garosello as diminutive of garoso, quarrelsome, contentious, < gara quarrel, strife; but this is doubtful, and possibly the etymological form was carrosello, < carro chariot.) 1. a. ‘A tournament in which knights, divided into companies (quadrilles) distinguished by their liveries and dresses, engaged in various plays and exercises; to this were often added chariot races, and other shows and entertainments’ (Littré). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > a public show or spectacle > type of show or spectacle > [noun] > tournament as entertainment carousel1650 tournament1701 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > jousting or tilting > [noun] > joust or tournament tournament?c1225 joust1297 tourney13.. justeningc1400 tournament of warc1400 inturnementc1440 tilt1511 jostle1607 tilting?1617 hippomachia1623 carousel1650 fortuny1676 1650 A. Marvell Death Ld. Hastings Before the Crystal Palace where he dwells The Armed Angels hold their Carousels. 1686 London Gaz. No. 2117/4 A great carousel is preparing here [i.e. in Paris] against Easter. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 350 This Game, these Carousels Ascanius taught. 1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. xxxi. 188 The Carousel, the expence of which amounted to seventy thousand crowns. 1839 G. P. R. James Louis XIV III. 27 Those carousels and mock-fights. 1864 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia IV. xvi. vi. 316 Carrousel..is, in fact, a kind of superb betailored running at the ring. b. Erroneously identified with carousal in historical use. ΚΠ 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 33. ⁋10 A Carousal, wherein many of the Youth of the first Quality..ran for the Prize. 1754 D. Hume Hist. Great Brit. I. 165 His fine taste in dress, festivals, and carrousals. 1774 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry I. vi. 245 A royal carousal given by Charles the fifth of France to the emperor. 1823 J. Lingard Hist. Eng. VI. 23 The young king loitered for weeks at Calais, spending his time in carousals and entertainments. 1858 J. R. Planché tr. Four & Twenty Fairy Tales 440 After which, there were ballets, carousals, and a thousand other things. 2. A merry-go-round, a roundabout. Also attributive. Chiefly U.S. (where frequently written carrousel). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > place of amusement or entertainment > fairground or amusement park > [noun] > fairground ride > merry-go-round carousel1673 whimsic chair?c1684 whimsy1684 merry-go-round1729 roundabout1763 turnabout1789 whirligig1816 spin-'em-round1851 go-round1857 whirly-go-round1865 merry-go-around1873 giddy-go-round1879 go-around1888 razzle-dazzle1890 joy-wheel1911 chairoplane1922 whip1925 Noah's Ark1945 waltzer1961 swirl1962 1673 R. Folyarte Let. in D. Braithwaite Fairground Archit. (1968) iii. 34 A new and rare invencon knowne by the name of the royalle carousell or tournament being framed and contrived with such engines as will not only afford great pleasure to us and our nobility in the sight thereof, but sufficient instruction to all such ingenious young gentlemen as desire to learne the art of perfect horsemanshipp. 1899 N.Y. Times Illustr. Mag. in F. Fried Pict. Hist. Carousel (1964) iii. 82 A carousel costs from $300 to $10,000 according to the decoration and finish... A carousel that will seat 60 riders measures 40 feet in diameter and costs $2,200. 1909 Sat. Evening Post 13 Mar. 64/1 We make everything..from a hand-power Merry-Go-Round to the highest grade Carousselles. 1951 J. D. Salinger Catcher in Rye xxv. 250 She sat down on this big..horse. Then the carousel started, and I watched her go round and round. 1956 E. Ambler Night-comers iii. 58 There was even a small fair in progress. A carousel had been set up. 1958 S. Ellin Eighth Circle (1959) ii. xi. 122 A faraway sound of carrousel music. 1968 ‘R. Petrie’ MacLurg goes West x. 89 Bracketed on, so that they hung semi-rampant..were the two carousel horses. 3. (See quot. 1961.) Now esp. one at airports for the delivery of passengers' luggage. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > circular carousel1961 society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > other means of conveyance > [noun] > conveyor > types of rolling road1905 conveyor belt1906 tilting bucket conveyor1911 slat conveyor1916 carousel1961 1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Carrousel, a conveyor (as for assembly-line work) on which objects are placed and carried round a complete circuit on a horizontal plane. 1970 Which? Nov. 352/1 Older people..found it hard to tug their cases off the carousels. Draft additions March 2007 carousel fraud n. British a fraudulent scheme to generate VAT rebates (or occasionally government grants) in which goods are imported and exported across a network of (dummy) companies. ΚΠ 1989 Financial Times 10 Mar. 18/4 The ‘carousel’ fraud in Northern Ireland, which involved smuggling cattle from Northern Ireland into the Irish Republic, re-exporting them to the north, and then claiming £60-£100 a head in currency support grants. 2002 Guardian 17 Aug. i. 8/1 In more sophisticated versions called carousel fraud, the phones are imported, VAT free, and pass through the hands of a number of companies. Somewhere in the chain there will be a trader who disappears with the VAT money. Eventually, the goods are exported back out of the UK. Then they return, to go round again with a new missing trader. 2006 G. Malkani Londonstani xxv. 312 They call it VAT carousel fraud. I like to think of it as the mother of all tax dodges. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1650
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