Canadan.¹

1568 T. Hacket tr. A. Thevet New Found Worlde f. 130^v And from thence came this prouerbe or common worde, (it is a Dyamond of Canada [Fr. c'est vn diamant de Canada]) it is lyke to the Diamonds of Calicut, and of the Easte Indies.]

1601 R. Dolman tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. III. 421 In the isle of Canada [Fr. l'isle de Canada], which neighboureth vpon Florida, there are found false ones [sc. diamonds], but so faire and well cut by nature, that the most subtile Lapidaries are verie much troubled to discerne the one from the other: whereupon this Prouerbe did arise. Loe, theres a Canada-diamond [Fr. vn Diamant de Canada].

1623 F. Wyatt Proclamation 31 Aug. in S. M. Kingsbury Recs. Virginia Company (1935) IV. 272 Newfound-Land ffifish..Canada ffish.

1651 R. Child Large Let. in S. Hartlib Legacie 32 The first sort is the Parsley Vine or Canada-grape; because it first came from those parts, where it growes naturally.

1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. iii. 307 There are several other Trees and Shrubs which are now in Flower, as..upright sweet Canada Rasberries.

1792 J. Leslie tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Birds III. 412 The Canada bird, delineated..under the name of Canada Grosbeak, and which we have called Hard bill, because its bill is comparatively harder, shorter, and stronger, than in the others.

1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 359/1 The French in America call this beast [sc. Cervus Wapiti] the Canada Stag.

1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. 491 Asarum canadense, Wild Ginger, or Canada Snake-root, is used as a spice in Canada.

1861 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. III. 284 Canada Flea-bane..a dull-looking plant, with small heads of dingy flowers.

1900 W. A. N. Dorland Amer. Illustr. Med. Dict. 58/1 The root of A. cannabinum, or Canada hemp, is cathartic and expectorant.

1910 G. B. Grinnell Amer. Game-bird Shooting i. 125 The Canada grouse, a small, blackish bird, variously marked below with spots of white and with the tail tipped with rusty reddish.

1950 W. O. Douglas Of Men & Mountains vi. 76 I saw on the opposite bank a great mass of Canada dogwood or bunchberry.

2009 Birdwatch Winter 6/3 We can hope that in 20 years, birders won't feel compelled to charter flights to ‘twitch’ the lone, singing Canada Warbler.

1676 F. Willughby & J. Ray Ornithologiæ iii. 276 Anser Canadensis: The Canada Goose.

1772 J. R. Forster Hudson's Bay Birds in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 414 The Canada geese are very plentiful at Hudson's Bay.

1838 Penny Cycl. XI. 308/1 The Canada Goose generally builds its nest on the ground.

1968 J. K. Terres Flashing Wings v. 38 A flock of dark Canada geese, in a long wavering V, stretched across the blue sky.

2008 Times 1 Mar. 27/1 (headline) Avian flu found in Canada goose.

1688 Jrnl. 1 May in H. R. McIlwaine Executive Jrnls. Council Colonial Virginia (1925) I. 93 Defend and preserve those Nations of Indians against the Incursian and Invasion of the Governor of Canada and the Canada Indyans.

1775 J. Adair Hist. Amer. Indians 215 When the Canada Indians saluted him, they said Ho Ho Ho.

1857 J. H. Pitezel Lights & Shades Missionary Life i. 24 British Wesleyan missionaries..have done a great work for the Canada Indians.

1921 Syracuse Herald 23 Mar. 1 (heading) Canada Indians make direct appeal to king.

1960 A. W. Trelease Indian Affairs Colonial N.Y. v. 131 He reported that the wars between the Mohawk and the New England and Canada Indians had held the last year's provincial revenues down to 30,000 guilders.

1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole 517 (No.) 4 Battatas de Canada, Potatoes of Canada, or Artichokes of Ierusalem.]

1710 W. Salmon Botanologia I. cccxl. 479/2 (heading) Of Hartichoke Jerusalem, or, Canada Potato.

1855 Proc. Royal Philos. Soc. Glasgow 3 226 We must distinguish between the (Helianthus tuberosus), Canada potato or Artichoke, the Batata or sweet potato, and the papa or true potato.

1998 B. Casselman Canad. Food Words v. 130 These ‘Canada potatoes’ are sweeter and crunchier than ordinary potatoes.

2008 G. P. Nabhan Renewing America's Food Trad. iii. 71/1 This openauk or ‘Canada potato’ is now called Jerusalem artichoke, even though it is neither an artichoke nor native to Jerusalem.

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Kalendar 120 Tangier Pea, Canada Golden Rod, Broad-leav'd upright Dogsbane.

1847 T. Redwood Gray's Suppl. Pharmacopœia 386 Canada golden rod. North America. With alum dyes wool, silk, and cotton a beautiful yellow.

1991 Arnoldia 51 16/2 Other aggressive invaders..have included goatsbeard (Aruncus dioicus), Canada golden-rod (Solidago canadensis), and occasionally the notorious purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria).

2010 Niagara This Week (Nexis) 7 Oct. 1 The giant Canada goldenrods stand tall.

1747 R. James Pharmacopœia Universalis iii. i. 201/1 The third Species is the Abies Canadensis..or Canada Fir Tree, which yeilds a valuable Resin call'd the Balsam of Canada.]

1754 New & Compl. Dict. Arts & Sci. I. 7/1 Rosin, tar, common pitch, burgundy pitch, strasburg turpentine, canada balsam, &c. are productions of fir.

1840 P. H. Gosse Canad. Naturalist The bark of the fir or balsam is covered with bladders full of a fluid resin..this is the Canada-balsam of the apothecaries.

1883 R. T. Glazebrook Physical Optics xi. 338 The two surfaces thus formed are then polished and cemented together with Canada balsam.

1932 Science 17 June 644/2 Add 30 to 35 cc of fresh Canada Balsam (not the histologist's preparation dissolved in xylol, but the fresh liquid balsam as purchased from a druggist).

2001 O. Sacks Uncle Tungsten xix. 238 The smells of clove oil, cedarwood oil, Canada balsam, xylene are still associated, in my mind, with the memory of my mother, intently bending over her microscope.

1762 R. Brookes Gen. Gazetteer at Canada, or New France Canada turpentine is greatly esteemed for its balsamic qualities, and for the disorders of the breast and stomach.

1846 J. L. Ludlow Man. Exam. (ed. 2) vi. 627 Q. What are the varieties of turpentine used in the United States?—A. The common white turpentine, and the Canada turpentine.

1915 H. Kraemer Sci. & Appl. Pharmacognosy 73 When exposed to the air Canada turpentine gradually dries, forming a transparent varnish.

2007 M. Osterman in M. R. Peres Focal Encycl. Photogr. (ed. 4) 45/2 Canada balsam, also known as Canada turpentine, is soluble in benzol. Before the advent of modern optical adhesives, it was routinely used to cement lens elements.

1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole 32 (caption) Martagon sive Lilium Canadense maculatum. The spotted Margaton, or Lilly of Canada.]

1771 J. R. Forster Catal. Plants N. Amer. in tr. J. B. Bossu Trav. Louisiana II. 31 Lilium canadense. Lily, canada.

1880 Congregationalist (Boston, Mass.) 6 Oct. 318/5 Among the tall grass grows the Canada Lily,..lighting the meadow with its strong coloring.

1977 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 15 June 48 (advt.) Large Canada Lilies. Reg. $3.25.

2015 B. W. Ellis Chesapeake Gardening & Landscaping vi. 191/1 Canada lily (L. canadense) bears branched clusters of downward-pointing, widely trumpet-shaped yellow flowers with maroon spots.

1771 J. R. Forster tr. P. Kalm Trav. N. Amer. III. 294 The Canada violet.

1871 Amer. Naturalist 5 215 Pale Canada violets are blooming.

1993 Outdoor Canada Summer 48/1 Different species..grow to different sizes. Some are lowly, barely exceeding five inches, but others—such as the Canada violet (Viola canadensis)—may reach a height of 18 inches.

2004 K. Adams N. Carolina's Best Wildflower Hikes 134 Continuing on, you come to the river, where golden ragwort is common, and in a few yards you see Canada violet.

1786 Ann. Agric. 6 Index Canada rice.

1861 R. Bentley Man. Bot. ii. iii. 697 A serviceable grain known as Canada Rice or Swamp Rice.

1955 Illustr. London News 16 Apr. 698/1 The wild or ‘Canada rice’..is a tall, aquatic grass, found in some of the northern States of the U.S.A. and in Canada.

2015 R. Santhanam Nutritional Freshwater Life ii. 82 Zizania aquatica (Linnaeus). Order: Poales. Family: Poaceae. Common name: Wild rice, Canada rice, Indian rice, water oats.

1792 J. Leslie tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. Birds III. 103 The Brown Canada Jay [Fr. Le geai brun de Canada], or Cinereous Crow.

1883 E. Ingersoll Knocking around Rockies 53 The Canada jay is smaller than the familiar blue jay, and has no crest like his.

1979 Jrnl. Courier (Jacksonville, Ill.) 21 Jan. 8/1 Further on, heard a very strange call coming from a Canada Jay high in a birch tree, where it was ranting at some bird of prey perched near by.

2009 R. J. Cannings Roadside Nature Tours Okanagan x. 95 Grey jays, also known as Canada jays or whisky jacks, float among the trees, looking for a well-stocked bird feeder or a skier having lunch.

1796 Jrnl. Proc. Gen. Assembly State Vermont 1795 121 A bill, entitled, ‘An act to prevent the growth of Canada Thistles.’

1799 Massachusetts Spy 31 July (Thornton) A torvous, stubborn, and vexatious weed, known by the name of the Canada thistle.

1873 Trans. Dept. Agric. State Illinois 1872 10 208 ‘An act concerning Canada Thistles’ approved and in force March 15, 1872.

1959 J. W. Voigt Flora Southern Illinois 342 Canada Thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.).., a native of Europe, has been collected in our area only from Pulaski County.

2001 OG Nov. 25/2 Annual weeds still come up, and you may notice some perennial nuisances, too, such as Canada thistle, dandelion, and bindweed.

1817 Bot. Cabinet 1 Index Gaultheria procumbens Canada Tea.

1921 Gardening Illustr. 19 Feb. 106/2 One of the most beautiful plants for the margins of open or shady shrubberies and beds is the Canada Tea.

2000 C. W. Fetrow & J. R. Avila Compl. Guide Herbal Med. 576 Other names for wintergreen include boxberry, Canada tea.., and teaberry.

1824–5 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom (1827) II. 494 One of these [Lynx] is gray, with the end of the tail black. This is the Canada Lynx of Buffon.

1972 Winnipeg Free Press 30 Nov. 62/5 Just at dusk, a Canada Lynx walked out of the bush.

2013 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110 7360/2 Snowshoe hares are..an essential prey for the US threatened Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis).

1831 Times 15 Aug. 8/1 700lbs. green copperas and Canada pitch.

1884 L. Johnson Man. Med. Bot. N. Amer. 259 Canada pitch, applied externally in the form of a plaster, produces mild rubefaction, by virtue of its volatile oil.

1985 Backpacker Jan. 14/2 Dope broke the friction between the ski base and the snow and a typical recipe for doing that included: spermaceti, Burgundy pitch, Canada pitch,..and castor oil.

1868 Herapath's Railway & Commerc. Jrnl. 19 Dec. 1285/2 Canadas took a sudden spurt within the last two days, on alleged work agreement with the Erie railway.

1908 Truth 8 Jan. 85/2 With the bonus thus placed beyond doubt, Canadas were promptly taken in hand by a ‘bull’ clique..and..there was a fairly extensive short interest in the shares.

1909 Westm. Gaz. 8 Sept. 10/2 Canadas steady.

1960 Montreal Gaz. 29 Nov. 13/1 In yesterday's market action, long Canadas gained a half to a full point in the morning... Short Canadas went up about 10 to 15 cents.

2001 Vancouver Province (Nexis) 31 Jan. (Money section) a34 It compares very well with five-year Canadas (bonds).

1871 W. M. Lewis People's Pract. Poultry Bk. 91 It is said by eminent ornithologists that the American Wild Goose is identical with the Canada.

1889 Forest & Stream 4 Apr. 212/3 Yesterday afternoon, just before sundown, I heard the honkings of some Canadas.

1922 H. Bigelow Scatter-gun Sketches 109 Then a third ‘Crack!’ and the old Canada came down in a heap.

1980 Outdoor Life (Canada) Oct. (Northeast ed.) 84/2 Our huge population of Canadas is due to several factors.

2008 Field & Stream Aug. 39 (caption) Ever since I saw a friend hit in the head and injured by a dropping Canada, I've been careful when it begins to rain geese.