† affilev.¹

Forms: Middle English affile, Middle English affyll, Middle English afile, Middle English–1500s affyle; Scottish pre-1700 affyle, pre-1700 afyle, pre-1700 assyile (transmission error), pre-1700 asyle (transmission error).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French affiler.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French afiler, affiler (French affiler ) to sharpen, hone (a knife, razor, file, or other instrument) (end of the 12th cent. in Old French, earliest in past participle afilé ‘honed, sharpened’), to sharpen (one's tongue) (13th cent.), apparently < post-classical Latin affilare to sharpen (although this is first attested later: 15th cent. in a British glossarial source; earlier (from 14th cent. in British sources) in sense ‘to thread on a cord or thong’; compare the parallels in other Romance languages cited below) < af- , variant of ad- (see af- prefix) + fīlum thread, edge of a cutting instrument (see file n.²). Compare Old Occitan afilar, Catalan afilar (14th cent.), Portuguese (with popular phonological development) afiar, (as a learned borrowing via French) afilar (both 15th cent.), Italian affilare (late 13th cent.), all in sense ‘to sharpen, hone’.

Obsolete.

a. transitive. To prepare or sharpen (one's tongue) for use in eloquent or cutting speech.

ΚΠ

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 678 (MED) He hath his tunge affiled With softe speche and with lesinge.

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Ellesmere) (1868) l. 712 He moste preche, and wel affile [c1405 Hengwrt affyle; c1425 Petworth afile] his tonge.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Harl. 1766) ix. 3330 The Frenssh vnkouth compendyously compyled, To which language my tounge was not affyled.

a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 4772 (MED) And þerto can so wel her tonge affyle, That..Othir þan trouthe can sche not recorde.

a1586 A. Arbuthnot in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS xxix. 44 I luif na thing bot pure simplicitie, And to dissemble men my tung afyle [F. asyle; Q. assyile; Pink. affyle].

b. transitive. To prepare (oneself) for some activity, goal, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > refresh or invigorate [verb (transitive)]

akeleOE

restOE

comfort1303

ease1330

quickc1350

recurea1382

refresha1382

refetec1384

restorec1384

affilea1393

enforcec1400

freshc1405

revigour?a1425

recomfortc1425

recreatec1425

quicken?c1430

revive1442

cheerc1443

refection?c1450

refect1488

unweary1530

freshen1532

corroborate1541

vige?c1550

erect?1555

recollect?1560

repose1562

respite1565

rouse1574

requicken1576

animate1585

enlive1593

revify1598

inanimate1600

insinew1600

to wind up1602

vigorize1603

inspiritc1610

invigour1611

refocillate1611

revigorate1611

renovate1614

spriten1614

repaira1616

activate1624

vigour1636

enliven1644

invigorate1646

rally1650

reinvigorate1652

renerve1652

to freshen up1654

righta1656

re-enlivena1660

recruita1661

enlighten1667

revivify1675

untire1677

reanimate1694

stimulate1759

rebrace1764

refreshen1780

brisken1799

irrigate1823

tonic1825

to fresh up1835

ginger1844

spell1846

recuperate1849

binge1854

tone1859

innerve1880

fiercen1896

to tone up1896

to buck up1909

pep1912

to zip up1927

to perk up1936

to zizz up1944

hep1948

to zing up1948

juice1964

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 3332 Mercurie, which was al affiled This Cow to stele, he came desguised.

?1518 R. Copland tr. P. Gringore Complaynte them that ben to late Maryed (new ed.) sig. A.i^v All yonge louers sholde them so affyle That they loue trewely.

2. transitive. To file down; to polish or sharpen with a file. rare.

ΚΠ

1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. hviij^v/1 A grete axe of fyn stele bended and affyled [Fr. affilee] that there was noo syde but it cutted.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

affilev.²

Brit.

/əˈfʌɪl/, U.S.

/əˈfaɪl/

Forms: 1500s– affile, 1700s affyle.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French affiler.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman afiler, Anglo-Norman and Law French affiler to file (a document) (14th cent. or earlier) < a- a- prefix⁵ + filer file v.³

Law. Now rare (U.S. in later use).

transitive (chiefly in passive). To file (a document, case, claim, etc.), esp. in a specified place or with a specified body.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court papers > [verb (transitive)] > lodge document in court

enter1425

enrol1495

file1511

affile1512

encorpore1523

box1789

1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c.19 in Statutes of Realm (1817) III. 76 Commissioners..whoos names shalbe affiled in cedulles to this Acte.

?1572 Act 1 Eliz. c. 20 sig. Av To euery of the saide Commissions, ten scedules conteyning in them, the tenor of this acte, shalbe affiled.

1647 R. Filmer Free-holders Grand Inquest 4 You shall certifie without delay to Vs in Our Chancery,..sending back unto Vs the other part of the Indenture aforesaid affiled to these presents.

1733 J. Mallory Attorney’s Pocket Compan. I. 73 By the Command of the said Chief Justice..Names are affiled in the within written Pannel.

1797 J. Wentworth Compl. Syst. Pleading V. 325 The said JR might be..compelled to appear..in the said court..at the suit of the said AK, who sues as aforesaid, and to affile common bail in the same court.

1819 New Jersey Law Rep. 4 46 Regularly this ought to be done, instanter, and the further proceedings to be continued thereupon until the final judgment, and then to be affiled among the rolls.

1838 Digest Laws New Jersey 668 The said oaths or affirmations before the mayor..shall be deposited and affiled with the town clerk,..there to remain of record.

1852 in J. Duer Rep. Cases Superior Court N.Y. (1854) I. 189 Final judgment is also erroneous..in said suit affiled.

1932 U.S. Court of Claims Rep. 72 529 The President..shall also approve of the same by his signature,..and cause one copy of the same to be affiled among the archives of the Government.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	affile
释义	† affilev.¹ Forms: Middle English affile, Middle English affyll, Middle English afile, Middle English–1500s affyle; Scottish pre-1700 affyle, pre-1700 afyle, pre-1700 assyile (transmission error), pre-1700 asyle (transmission error). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French affiler. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French afiler, affiler (French affiler ) to sharpen, hone (a knife, razor, file, or other instrument) (end of the 12th cent. in Old French, earliest in past participle afilé ‘honed, sharpened’), to sharpen (one's tongue) (13th cent.), apparently < post-classical Latin affilare to sharpen (although this is first attested later: 15th cent. in a British glossarial source; earlier (from 14th cent. in British sources) in sense ‘to thread on a cord or thong’; compare the parallels in other Romance languages cited below) < af- , variant of ad- (see af- prefix) + fīlum thread, edge of a cutting instrument (see file n.²). Compare Old Occitan afilar, Catalan afilar (14th cent.), Portuguese (with popular phonological development) afiar, (as a learned borrowing via French) afilar (both 15th cent.), Italian affilare (late 13th cent.), all in sense ‘to sharpen, hone’. Obsolete. 1. a. transitive. To prepare or sharpen (one's tongue) for use in eloquent or cutting speech. ΚΠ a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 678 (MED) He hath his tunge affiled With softe speche and with lesinge. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Ellesmere) (1868) l. 712 He moste preche, and wel affile [c1405 Hengwrt affyle; c1425 Petworth afile] his tonge. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Harl. 1766) ix. 3330 The Frenssh vnkouth compendyously compyled, To which language my tounge was not affyled. a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 4772 (MED) And þerto can so wel her tonge affyle, That..Othir þan trouthe can sche not recorde. a1586 A. Arbuthnot in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS xxix. 44 I luif na thing bot pure simplicitie, And to dissemble men my tung afyle [F. asyle; Q. assyile; Pink. affyle]. b. transitive. To prepare (oneself) for some activity, goal, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > refresh or invigorate [verb (transitive)] akeleOE restOE comfort1303 ease1330 quickc1350 recurea1382 refresha1382 refetec1384 restorec1384 affilea1393 enforcec1400 freshc1405 revigour?a1425 recomfortc1425 recreatec1425 quicken?c1430 revive1442 cheerc1443 refection?c1450 refect1488 unweary1530 freshen1532 corroborate1541 vige?c1550 erect?1555 recollect?1560 repose1562 respite1565 rouse1574 requicken1576 animate1585 enlive1593 revify1598 inanimate1600 insinew1600 to wind up1602 vigorize1603 inspiritc1610 invigour1611 refocillate1611 revigorate1611 renovate1614 spriten1614 repaira1616 activate1624 vigour1636 enliven1644 invigorate1646 rally1650 reinvigorate1652 renerve1652 to freshen up1654 righta1656 re-enlivena1660 recruita1661 enlighten1667 revivify1675 untire1677 reanimate1694 stimulate1759 rebrace1764 refreshen1780 brisken1799 irrigate1823 tonic1825 to fresh up1835 ginger1844 spell1846 recuperate1849 binge1854 tone1859 innerve1880 fiercen1896 to tone up1896 to buck up1909 pep1912 to zip up1927 to perk up1936 to zizz up1944 hep1948 to zing up1948 juice1964 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 3332 Mercurie, which was al affiled This Cow to stele, he came desguised. ?1518 R. Copland tr. P. Gringore Complaynte them that ben to late Maryed (new ed.) sig. A.i^v All yonge louers sholde them so affyle That they loue trewely. 2. transitive. To file down; to polish or sharpen with a file. rare. ΚΠ 1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. hviij^v/1 A grete axe of fyn stele bended and affyled [Fr. affilee] that there was noo syde but it cutted. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2021). affilev.² Brit. /əˈfʌɪl/, U.S. /əˈfaɪl/ Forms: 1500s– affile, 1700s affyle. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French affiler. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman afiler, Anglo-Norman and Law French affiler to file (a document) (14th cent. or earlier) < a- a- prefix⁵ + filer file v.³ Law. Now rare (U.S. in later use). transitive (chiefly in passive). To file (a document, case, claim, etc.), esp. in a specified place or with a specified body. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court papers > [verb (transitive)] > lodge document in court enter1425 enrol1495 file1511 affile1512 encorpore1523 box1789 1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c.19 in Statutes of Realm (1817) III. 76 Commissioners..whoos names shalbe affiled in cedulles to this Acte. ?1572 Act 1 Eliz. c. 20 sig. Av To euery of the saide Commissions, ten scedules conteyning in them, the tenor of this acte, shalbe affiled. 1647 R. Filmer Free-holders Grand Inquest 4 You shall certifie without delay to Vs in Our Chancery,..sending back unto Vs the other part of the Indenture aforesaid affiled to these presents. 1733 J. Mallory Attorney’s Pocket Compan. I. 73 By the Command of the said Chief Justice..Names are affiled in the within written Pannel. 1797 J. Wentworth Compl. Syst. Pleading V. 325 The said JR might be..compelled to appear..in the said court..at the suit of the said AK, who sues as aforesaid, and to affile common bail in the same court. 1819 New Jersey Law Rep. 4 46 Regularly this ought to be done, instanter, and the further proceedings to be continued thereupon until the final judgment, and then to be affiled among the rolls. 1838 Digest Laws New Jersey 668 The said oaths or affirmations before the mayor..shall be deposited and affiled with the town clerk,..there to remain of record. 1852 in J. Duer Rep. Cases Superior Court N.Y. (1854) I. 189 Final judgment is also erroneous..in said suit affiled. 1932 U.S. Court of Claims Rep. 72 529 The President..shall also approve of the same by his signature,..and cause one copy of the same to be affiled among the archives of the Government. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.¹a1393v.²1512
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† affilev.1

affilev.2

† affilev.¹

affilev.²