adreno-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: adrenal adj., adrenaline n., -o- connective.

Etymology: < adren- (in adrenal adj. or adrenaline n.) + -o- connective.Formations are found from the early 20th cent. Earliest in adrenolytic adj. and adrenochrome n. , in the latter case after a German model.

Forming terms relating to the adrenal gland or adrenaline (epinephrine).

adrenoceptor n.

Brit.

/əˈdriːnə(ʊ)ˌsɛptə/

/əˈdrɛnə(ʊ)ˌsɛptə/

/əˌdriːnə(ʊ)ˈsɛptə/

/əˌdrɛnə(ʊ)ˈsɛptə/

U.S.

/əˈdrinəˌsɛptər/

/əˈdrɛnəˌsɛptər/

Physiology = adrenergic receptor n. at adrenergic adj. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > substance of nervous system > [noun] > adrenergic receptor

adrenergic receptor1950

adrenoceptor1966

1966 I. de B. Daly & C. Hebb Pulmonary & Bronchial Vascular Syst. 242 This was also enhanced by cocaine and blocked by yohimbine (a specific reversible adrenoceptor blocking agent).

1981 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 296 30 By using the appropriate adrenoceptor agonists or antagonists it is then possible to distinguish between motor and secretory mechanisms.

2000 J. Mann Murder, Magic, & Med. (rev. ed.) ii. 16 These two neurotransmitters bind to so-called adrenoceptors of which at least three main types have been identified.

adrenochrome n.

Brit.

/əˈdriːnə(ʊ)krəʊm/

/əˈdrɛnə(ʊ)krəʊm/

U.S.

/əˈdrinəˌkroʊm/

/əˈdrɛnəˌkroʊm/

/əˈdrinoʊˌkroʊm/

/əˈdrɛnoʊˌkroʊm/

(also adrenochrom) [after German Adrenochrom (1909 or earlier)] Biochemistry (a) a sulphur-containing extract of the adrenal glands of animals, used medicinally (disused); (b) a red pigment formed by the oxidation of adrenaline.

ΚΠ

1909 Proc. Amer. Pharmaceut. Assoc. 58th Ann. Meeting 128 Adrenochrom is the name of a sulphur compound of the suprarenal gland which is exploited as an internal remedy for the treatment of skin diseases.

1942 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 146 411 The end-product for this quinone oxidation of adrenalin is a group of red compounds called adrenochrome, capable of condensing into melanin-like pigments.

1972 H. S. Thompson Fear & Loathing Las Vegas ii. v. 122 ‘What is it?’ ‘Adrenochrome,’ he said. ‘You won't need much. Just a little tiny taste.’

2002 New Phytologist 156 207/2 The rate of adrenochrome formation was observed at 470 nm in a dual-beam spectrophotometer.

adrenocortical adj.

Brit.

/əˌdriːnəʊˈkɔːtᵻkl/

/əˌdrɛnəʊˈkɔːtᵻkl/

U.S.

/əˌdrinoʊˈkɔrdək(ə)l/

/əˌdrɛnoʊˈkɔrdək(ə)l/

Medicine of or relating to the adrenal cortex.

ΚΠ

1932 Science 22 Apr. 442/1 (title) Cure of the cachexia following hypophysectomy by administration of the growth hormone and its relation to the resulting adreno-cortical repair.

1949 Vitamins & Hormones 7 294 Both the sex hormones and the adrenocortical hormones are involved in the regulation of protein, carbohydrate, and electrolyte metabolism.

2008 Toronto Star (Nexis) 25 Sept. a14 Ladan, a dentist living in Toronto, had adrenocortical carcinoma, an aggressive cancer.

adrenodoxin n.

Brit.

/əˌdriːnəʊˈdɒksɪn/

/əˌdrɛnəʊˈdɒksɪn/

U.S.

/əˌdrinoʊˈdɑks(ə)n/

/əˌdrɛnoʊˈdɑks(ə)n/

Biochemistry a ferredoxin found in mitochondria of the adrenal cortex.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > proteins > [noun]

casein1838

albuminoid1855

xanthoglobulin1868

myochrome1872

xanthoprotein1883

histone1885

globulose1886

phaseolin1893

leucosin1894

nucleohistone1894

nucleon1895

mucoid1898

protone1898

mucinoid1902

myohaemoglobin1906

nucleoprotamine1911

cytozyme1914

leaf protein1917

cytochrome1925

mucoprotein1925

myoglobin1925

flavoprotein1934

oxymyoglobin1935

ferritin1937

lipovitellin1942

arthropodin1947

trypticase1947

erythropoietin1948

phosvitin1948

opsin1951

orosomucoid1955

metallothionein1960

plastocyanin1961

aequorin1962

ferredoxin1962

LDL1962

fetoprotein1964

thioredoxin1964

actinin1965

adrenodoxin1965

lactoferrin1965

myoglobulin1965

rubredoxin1965

uniporter1967

miraculin1968

nexin1970

bacteriorhodopsin1971

molybdoprotein1971

monellin1972

cytokine1974

ankyrin1975

clathrin1975

electromorph1975

tau1975

uniport1975

microtrabecula1976

porin1976

osteocalcin1977

calmodulin1978

monokine1978

PCNA1978

vimentin1978

interleukin1979

laminin1979

titin1979

villin1979

cyclin1981

triskele1981

acumentin1982

perforin1983

statin1985

activin1986

addressin1988

synuclein1988

chemokine1992

1965 T. Kimura & K. Suzuki in Biochem. & Biophysical Res. Communications 20 373 We would propose to give the trivial name ‘adrenodoxin’, for the non-heme iron protein isolated from adrenal mitochondria.

1988 Arch. Biochem. & Biophysics 264 376 Adrenodoxin..participates in cholesterol side chain cleavage and in steroid 11β- and 18-hydroxylation.

2009 S. R. King & H. A. LaVoie in P. J. Chedrese Reprod. Endocrinol. xvi. 183/1 Binding of cholesterol by P450scc promotes the binding of adrenodoxin and the transfer of electrons from adrenodoxin to its heme ring.

adrenogenital adj.

Brit.

/əˌdriːnəʊˈdʒɛnᵻtl/

/əˌdrɛnəʊˈdʒɛnᵻtl/

U.S.

/əˌdrinoʊˈdʒɛnəd(ə)l/

/əˌdrɛnoʊˈdʒɛnəd(ə)l/

Medicine of or relating to the adrenal glands and the genitals; spec. (esp. in adrenogenital syndrome) designating a group of disorders in which abnormal production of steroid hormones by the adrenal cortex results in abnormalities of (usually secondary) sexual characteristics, esp. the virilization of females.

ΚΠ

1931 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 2 May 746/1 The accentuation of the male secondary sexual characters..may be most aptly described under the heading of ‘Virilism’, rather than..as the ‘Adreno-genital syndrome’.

1960 Amer. Jrnl. Cardiol. 5 284/2 Inborn errors of metabolism associated with cardiovascular disease, such as diabetes,..adrenogenital hyperplasia associated with hypertension and primary hypercholesterolemia, etc.

2002 J. Eugenides Middlesex iv. 411 In those days he saw mostly kids with adrenogenital syndrome, the most common form of female hermaphroditism.

2005 Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1061 109 It has been suggested that adrenocortical cells and fetal Leydig cells may share a common adrenogenital primordium.

adrenomedullary n.

Brit.

/əˌdriːnəʊmɛˈdʌl(ə)ri/

/əˌdriːnəʊmᵻˈdʌl(ə)ri/

/əˌdrɛnəʊmɛˈdʌl(ə)ri/

/əˌdrɛnəʊmᵻˈdʌl(ə)ri/

U.S.

/əˌdrinoʊməˈdəl(ə)ri/

/əˌdrinoʊˈmɛdəˌlɛri/

/əˌdrɛnoʊməˈdəl(ə)ri/

/əˌdrɛnoʊˈmɛdəˌlɛri/

Physiology of or relating to the adrenal medulla.

ΚΠ

1924 Endocrine Surv. 1 529 A synergy between the parathyroids and the adrenal cortex, and an antagonism between the parathyroids and adreno-medullary tissue.

1981 R. N. Hardy Endocrine Physiol. iii. 24 Many emotional reactions, such as fear, anger, pain and sexual excitement, may be accompanied by adrenomedullary stimulation.

2002 D. DeGrazia Animal Rights iii. 43 These events elicit other physiological responses such as changes in the sympathetic adrenomedullary system.

adrenotrophic adj.

Brit.

/əˌdriːnəʊˈtrɒfɪk/

/əˌdriːnəʊˈtrəʊfɪk/

/əˌdrɛnəʊˈtrɒfɪk/

/əˌdrɛnəʊˈtrəʊfɪk/

U.S.

/əˌdrinoʊˈtrɑfɪk/

/əˌdrinoʊˈtroʊfɪk/

/əˌdrɛnoʊˈtrɑfɪk/

/əˌdrɛnoʊˈtroʊfɪk/

Physiology (now rare) = adrenotropic adj. (a).

ΚΠ

1938 Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Year 227/2 The adrenotrophic, thyrotrophic, and gonadotrophic hormones.

1962 E. Duffy Activation & Behaviour iii. 44 The anterior pituitary gland in turn exerts a significant influence on the thyroid, the adrenal cortex, and the gonads through production of adrenotrophic, thyrotrophic, and gonadotrophic hormones.

1998 Physiol. Zool. 71 653/2 This may be due to atrophy of the adrenotrophic tissue..or because food deprivation reduces the normal stress response of fish.

adrenotropic adj.

Brit.

/əˌdriːnəʊˈtrɒpɪk/

/əˌdriːnəʊˈtrəʊpɪk/

/əˌdrɛnəʊˈtrɒpɪk/

/əˌdrɛnəʊˈtrəʊpɪk/

U.S.

/əˌdrinoʊˈtrɑpɪk/

/əˌdrinoʊˈtroʊpɪk/

/əˌdrɛnoʊˈtrɑpɪk/

/əˌdrɛnoʊˈtroʊpɪk/

Physiology (now rare) (a) acting (specifically) upon the adrenal gland; spec. = adrenocorticotropic adj.; (b) = adrenergic adj. (now historical).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > action of nervous system > [adjective] > reception or transmission of impulses

projectional1852

facilitatory1867

conductive1881

cheirokinaesthetic1900

nociceptive1904

interoceptive1906

photoreceptive1906

proprioceptive1906

adrenotropic1915

photosensory1919

adrenergic1934

saltatory1934

somatotopic1945

psychomotoric1949

supersensitive1949

mechanoreceptive1951

trans-synaptic1954

somatotopical1958

electroreceptive1967

psychomotorical1969

1915 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1 462 The importance of this adrenotropic action was first impressed upon us while carrying out the routine biological tests of compounds of arsenic in our chemotherapeutic studies.

1932 Lancet 12 Aug. 347/1 (title) The adrenotropic hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe.

1948 R. P. Ahlquist in Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 53 586 The adrenotropic receptors have been considered to be of two classes, those whose action results in excitation and those whose action results in inhibition of the effector cells.

2004 Drug Discov. Today 9 825/3 This relates to Black's..subsequent work on applying Ahlquist's theory of two types of adrenotropic receptors.

2005 Peptides 26 1948/1 Deletion of the amino terminal lysine appears to result in a far greater reduction in the adrenotropic potency than in relative affinity for the binding site.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	adreno-
释义	adreno-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: adrenal adj., adrenaline n., -o- connective. Etymology: < adren- (in adrenal adj. or adrenaline n.) + -o- connective.Formations are found from the early 20th cent. Earliest in adrenolytic adj. and adrenochrome n. , in the latter case after a German model. Forming terms relating to the adrenal gland or adrenaline (epinephrine). adrenoceptor n. Brit. /əˈdriːnə(ʊ)ˌsɛptə/ , /əˈdrɛnə(ʊ)ˌsɛptə/ , /əˌdriːnə(ʊ)ˈsɛptə/ , /əˌdrɛnə(ʊ)ˈsɛptə/ , U.S. /əˈdrinəˌsɛptər/ , /əˈdrɛnəˌsɛptər/ Physiology = adrenergic receptor n. at adrenergic adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > substance of nervous system > [noun] > adrenergic receptor adrenergic receptor1950 adrenoceptor1966 1966 I. de B. Daly & C. Hebb Pulmonary & Bronchial Vascular Syst. 242 This was also enhanced by cocaine and blocked by yohimbine (a specific reversible adrenoceptor blocking agent). 1981 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 296 30 By using the appropriate adrenoceptor agonists or antagonists it is then possible to distinguish between motor and secretory mechanisms. 2000 J. Mann Murder, Magic, & Med. (rev. ed.) ii. 16 These two neurotransmitters bind to so-called adrenoceptors of which at least three main types have been identified. adrenochrome n. Brit. /əˈdriːnə(ʊ)krəʊm/ , /əˈdrɛnə(ʊ)krəʊm/ , U.S. /əˈdrinəˌkroʊm/ , /əˈdrɛnəˌkroʊm/ , /əˈdrinoʊˌkroʊm/ , /əˈdrɛnoʊˌkroʊm/ (also adrenochrom) [after German Adrenochrom (1909 or earlier)] Biochemistry (a) a sulphur-containing extract of the adrenal glands of animals, used medicinally (disused); (b) a red pigment formed by the oxidation of adrenaline. ΚΠ 1909 Proc. Amer. Pharmaceut. Assoc. 58th Ann. Meeting 128 Adrenochrom is the name of a sulphur compound of the suprarenal gland which is exploited as an internal remedy for the treatment of skin diseases. 1942 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 146 411 The end-product for this quinone oxidation of adrenalin is a group of red compounds called adrenochrome, capable of condensing into melanin-like pigments. 1972 H. S. Thompson Fear & Loathing Las Vegas ii. v. 122 ‘What is it?’ ‘Adrenochrome,’ he said. ‘You won't need much. Just a little tiny taste.’ 2002 New Phytologist 156 207/2 The rate of adrenochrome formation was observed at 470 nm in a dual-beam spectrophotometer. adrenocortical adj. Brit. /əˌdriːnəʊˈkɔːtᵻkl/ , /əˌdrɛnəʊˈkɔːtᵻkl/ , U.S. /əˌdrinoʊˈkɔrdək(ə)l/ , /əˌdrɛnoʊˈkɔrdək(ə)l/ Medicine of or relating to the adrenal cortex. ΚΠ 1932 Science 22 Apr. 442/1 (title) Cure of the cachexia following hypophysectomy by administration of the growth hormone and its relation to the resulting adreno-cortical repair. 1949 Vitamins & Hormones 7 294 Both the sex hormones and the adrenocortical hormones are involved in the regulation of protein, carbohydrate, and electrolyte metabolism. 2008 Toronto Star (Nexis) 25 Sept. a14 Ladan, a dentist living in Toronto, had adrenocortical carcinoma, an aggressive cancer. adrenodoxin n. Brit. /əˌdriːnəʊˈdɒksɪn/ , /əˌdrɛnəʊˈdɒksɪn/ , U.S. /əˌdrinoʊˈdɑks(ə)n/ , /əˌdrɛnoʊˈdɑks(ə)n/ Biochemistry a ferredoxin found in mitochondria of the adrenal cortex. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > proteins > [noun] casein1838 albuminoid1855 xanthoglobulin1868 myochrome1872 xanthoprotein1883 histone1885 globulose1886 phaseolin1893 leucosin1894 nucleohistone1894 nucleon1895 mucoid1898 protone1898 mucinoid1902 myohaemoglobin1906 nucleoprotamine1911 cytozyme1914 leaf protein1917 cytochrome1925 mucoprotein1925 myoglobin1925 flavoprotein1934 oxymyoglobin1935 ferritin1937 lipovitellin1942 arthropodin1947 trypticase1947 erythropoietin1948 phosvitin1948 opsin1951 orosomucoid1955 metallothionein1960 plastocyanin1961 aequorin1962 ferredoxin1962 LDL1962 fetoprotein1964 thioredoxin1964 actinin1965 adrenodoxin1965 lactoferrin1965 myoglobulin1965 rubredoxin1965 uniporter1967 miraculin1968 nexin1970 bacteriorhodopsin1971 molybdoprotein1971 monellin1972 cytokine1974 ankyrin1975 clathrin1975 electromorph1975 tau1975 uniport1975 microtrabecula1976 porin1976 osteocalcin1977 calmodulin1978 monokine1978 PCNA1978 vimentin1978 interleukin1979 laminin1979 titin1979 villin1979 cyclin1981 triskele1981 acumentin1982 perforin1983 statin1985 activin1986 addressin1988 synuclein1988 chemokine1992 1965 T. Kimura & K. Suzuki in Biochem. & Biophysical Res. Communications 20 373 We would propose to give the trivial name ‘adrenodoxin’, for the non-heme iron protein isolated from adrenal mitochondria. 1988 Arch. Biochem. & Biophysics 264 376 Adrenodoxin..participates in cholesterol side chain cleavage and in steroid 11β- and 18-hydroxylation. 2009 S. R. King & H. A. LaVoie in P. J. Chedrese Reprod. Endocrinol. xvi. 183/1 Binding of cholesterol by P450scc promotes the binding of adrenodoxin and the transfer of electrons from adrenodoxin to its heme ring. adrenogenital adj. Brit. /əˌdriːnəʊˈdʒɛnᵻtl/ , /əˌdrɛnəʊˈdʒɛnᵻtl/ , U.S. /əˌdrinoʊˈdʒɛnəd(ə)l/ , /əˌdrɛnoʊˈdʒɛnəd(ə)l/ Medicine of or relating to the adrenal glands and the genitals; spec. (esp. in adrenogenital syndrome) designating a group of disorders in which abnormal production of steroid hormones by the adrenal cortex results in abnormalities of (usually secondary) sexual characteristics, esp. the virilization of females. ΚΠ 1931 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 2 May 746/1 The accentuation of the male secondary sexual characters..may be most aptly described under the heading of ‘Virilism’, rather than..as the ‘Adreno-genital syndrome’. 1960 Amer. Jrnl. Cardiol. 5 284/2 Inborn errors of metabolism associated with cardiovascular disease, such as diabetes,..adrenogenital hyperplasia associated with hypertension and primary hypercholesterolemia, etc. 2002 J. Eugenides Middlesex iv. 411 In those days he saw mostly kids with adrenogenital syndrome, the most common form of female hermaphroditism. 2005 Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1061 109 It has been suggested that adrenocortical cells and fetal Leydig cells may share a common adrenogenital primordium. adrenomedullary n. Brit. /əˌdriːnəʊmɛˈdʌl(ə)ri/ , /əˌdriːnəʊmᵻˈdʌl(ə)ri/ , /əˌdrɛnəʊmɛˈdʌl(ə)ri/ , /əˌdrɛnəʊmᵻˈdʌl(ə)ri/ , U.S. /əˌdrinoʊməˈdəl(ə)ri/ , /əˌdrinoʊˈmɛdəˌlɛri/ , /əˌdrɛnoʊməˈdəl(ə)ri/ , /əˌdrɛnoʊˈmɛdəˌlɛri/ Physiology of or relating to the adrenal medulla. ΚΠ 1924 Endocrine Surv. 1 529 A synergy between the parathyroids and the adrenal cortex, and an antagonism between the parathyroids and adreno-medullary tissue. 1981 R. N. Hardy Endocrine Physiol. iii. 24 Many emotional reactions, such as fear, anger, pain and sexual excitement, may be accompanied by adrenomedullary stimulation. 2002 D. DeGrazia Animal Rights iii. 43 These events elicit other physiological responses such as changes in the sympathetic adrenomedullary system. adrenotrophic adj. Brit. /əˌdriːnəʊˈtrɒfɪk/ , /əˌdriːnəʊˈtrəʊfɪk/ , /əˌdrɛnəʊˈtrɒfɪk/ , /əˌdrɛnəʊˈtrəʊfɪk/ , U.S. /əˌdrinoʊˈtrɑfɪk/ , /əˌdrinoʊˈtroʊfɪk/ , /əˌdrɛnoʊˈtrɑfɪk/ , /əˌdrɛnoʊˈtroʊfɪk/ Physiology (now rare) = adrenotropic adj. (a). ΚΠ 1938 Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Year 227/2 The adrenotrophic, thyrotrophic, and gonadotrophic hormones. 1962 E. Duffy Activation & Behaviour iii. 44 The anterior pituitary gland in turn exerts a significant influence on the thyroid, the adrenal cortex, and the gonads through production of adrenotrophic, thyrotrophic, and gonadotrophic hormones. 1998 Physiol. Zool. 71 653/2 This may be due to atrophy of the adrenotrophic tissue..or because food deprivation reduces the normal stress response of fish. adrenotropic adj. Brit. /əˌdriːnəʊˈtrɒpɪk/ , /əˌdriːnəʊˈtrəʊpɪk/ , /əˌdrɛnəʊˈtrɒpɪk/ , /əˌdrɛnəʊˈtrəʊpɪk/ , U.S. /əˌdrinoʊˈtrɑpɪk/ , /əˌdrinoʊˈtroʊpɪk/ , /əˌdrɛnoʊˈtrɑpɪk/ , /əˌdrɛnoʊˈtroʊpɪk/ Physiology (now rare) (a) acting (specifically) upon the adrenal gland; spec. = adrenocorticotropic adj.; (b) = adrenergic adj. (now historical). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > action of nervous system > [adjective] > reception or transmission of impulses projectional1852 facilitatory1867 conductive1881 cheirokinaesthetic1900 nociceptive1904 interoceptive1906 photoreceptive1906 proprioceptive1906 adrenotropic1915 photosensory1919 adrenergic1934 saltatory1934 somatotopic1945 psychomotoric1949 supersensitive1949 mechanoreceptive1951 trans-synaptic1954 somatotopical1958 electroreceptive1967 psychomotorical1969 1915 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1 462 The importance of this adrenotropic action was first impressed upon us while carrying out the routine biological tests of compounds of arsenic in our chemotherapeutic studies. 1932 Lancet 12 Aug. 347/1 (title) The adrenotropic hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe. 1948 R. P. Ahlquist in Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. 53 586 The adrenotropic receptors have been considered to be of two classes, those whose action results in excitation and those whose action results in inhibition of the effector cells. 2004 Drug Discov. Today 9 825/3 This relates to Black's..subsequent work on applying Ahlquist's theory of two types of adrenotropic receptors. 2005 Peptides 26 1948/1 Deletion of the amino terminal lysine appears to result in a far greater reduction in the adrenotropic potency than in relative affinity for the binding site. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < comb. form1909
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