callowadj.¹n.¹

Brit.

/ˈkaləʊ/, U.S.

/ˈkæloʊ/

Forms: Old English calaw- (inflected form), Old English calew- (inflected form), Old English calo, Old English calw- (inflected form), Old English–Middle English calu, late Old English caluw, late Old English–1600s calow, Middle English calewe, Middle English calouh, Middle English calouwe, Middle English calowȝ, Middle English caluȝ, Middle English calwe, Middle English kalew- (inflected form, in copy of Old English charter), 1500s kallowe, 1500s– callow, 1800s calla (English regional (East Anglian)), 1800s caller (English regional (eastern)).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch calu, cāle (Dutch kaal), Middle Low German kale, Old High German kalo (Middle High German kal, German kahl); further etymology uncertain.Further etymology. Perhaps < the same Indo-European base as Old Church Slavonic golŭ naked, bare, or perhaps an early borrowing into Germanic of classical Latin calvus bald (see calvity n.). Occurrences in charter bounds and in names. Use with reference to land (see sense A. 2) is attested in Anglo-Saxon charter bounds and in place names from Old English onwards, compare e.g. Calehelle , Kent (1086; now Calehill), Calehale , Derbyshire (1086; now Calow). Currency of the word in this sense in Middle English is probably implied by later field names such as Le Calwefeld , Hurley, Berkshire (1343). With use as noun denoting a person (see sense B. 1) compare early use as byname and surname, as Brichtric se Calewa (a1186), Philip Calewe (1260).

A. adj.¹

†1. Bald, without hair. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > hair > [adjective] > having no

calloweOE

balda1400

hairless1552

pilled-skinned1576

unhairy1576

unfeatheredc1600

the world > life > the body > hair > hair of head > [adjective] > having no

calloweOE

baldc1386

as bald (bare, black) as a coot1430

forehead-bald1530

pilled-pated1542

bald-pate1578

bald-headed1580

bald-pated1606

bald-head1820

baldish1833

tonsured1855

pollard1856

thin on top1869

slap-headed1994

eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. 16 (table of contents) Læcedom gif mannes feax fealle, sealf wiþ þon, & gif man calu sie.

lOE Distichs of Cato (Trin. Cambr.) xl, in Anglia (1972) 90 10 Monig mon hæfð micel feax on foran heafde & wyrð þeah færlice calu [lOE Julius caluw].

c1390 Cato's Distichs (Vernon) l. 384 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 584 (MED) Þat forehed is lodly Þat is calouh & bare.

c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 5940 (MED) Caluȝ was his heuede swerd And to his nauel henge his berd.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Lev. xiii. 40 A man of whos heed heeris fleten awei, is calu [E.V. a1382 Bodl. 959 balled].

a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 5^v Apiconsus [perh. read Apiciosus], balled or calwe.

†2. Of land: not covered in vegetation; bare. Obsolete (chiefly English regional (southern) in later use).Apparently unattested between the Old English period and the 17th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near river > [adjective] > flooded

callowOE

watered1652

fluviated1807

várzea1978

OE Charter: Abp. Oswald to Goding (Sawyer 1369) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 126 Þæt is þonne ærest of calawan hylle on foreweardan þære aldan dic.

OE Bounds (Sawyer 1297) in D. Hooke Worcs. Anglo-Saxon Charter-bounds (1990) 250 Þæt swa be þam rahhege on calwan hyll.

1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 243 When these Lands are not swardy enough to bear clean tillage, nor callow or light enough to lie to get sward.

1888 B. Lowsley Gloss. Berks. Words & Phrases 57 To ‘lie caller’ is to lie bare or without crop.

1900 Connecticut Granges: Hist. Acct. Patrons Husbandry 585 The callow land was aerated with the leavening plow.

a. Of a young bird, or a part of its body: without feathers, unfledged. Also in extended use of other creatures.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > young bird > [adjective] > unfledged or not fully fledged

featherlessc1460

implumec1540

callow1567

unfledge1581

unplumed1598

implumed1604

unfledgeda1616

pin-feathered1641

squab1706

implumous1755

fledgeless1769

callowy1823

1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) vi. f. 79^v They [sc. the sons of Boreas] were not borne with wings vpon their bodies in this sort. While Calais and Zetes had no beard vpon their chin, They both were callow.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 63 Yoong callow birds which are not yet fethered and fledg'd.

1640 tr. J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Reserata (new ed.) xiv. §147 Young chicks, callow and unfledge (..called peeping chicks).

1728 J. Thomson Spring 34 The callow Young..Their brittle Bondage break.

1739 P. Collinson Let. 12 Apr. in J. Bartram Corr. (1992) 118 Behold Two Nests of young Callow Ratts were kindled there.

1801 R. Southey Thalaba I. v. 259 Her young in the refreshing bath, Dipt down their callow heads.

1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk II. xiv. 329 The callow brood are fledged.

1871 F. T. Palgrave Lyrical Poems 115 The callow bird unfilm'd his fervent eyes.

1915 Auk 32 428 These callow birds were perched on the plum bushes or moving slowly about on the sand and doubtless wondering what all the uproar was about.

1963 Times 6 July 11/1 If the jay was inserted as egg or callow nestling, why did the blackbirds not eject it then?

2008 L. L. Williams Storks' Nest 114 It [sc. a stork] affixed the branch at an awkward angle on the edge of the nest, forming a kind of toddler rail to keep the callow chicks from falling.

b. figurative. Immature, inexperienced; naive. Also: characterized by immaturity or naivety. Cf. green adj. 8c, unfledged adj. 3.Now the usual sense.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > young person > [adjective] > young and inexperienced

younga1200

callow1580

coltisha1586

pen-feathered1598

kitling1604

unfledgeda1616

codlinged1661

calfish1772

cubbish1819

vealy1890

preppy1900

the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > [adjective] > not used or accustomed > not used or experienced

youngOE

inexpertc1450

unfleshed1542

green1548

fresha1557

callow1580

pen-feathered1598

puisne1598

puny1602

unfledgeda1616

inexperienced1626

pin-feathered1641

sucking1648

infledgeda1661

inexperient1670

fledgeless1769

wet behind the ears1851

1580 G. Harvey in E. Spenser & G. Harvey Three Proper & Wittie Lett. 29 Some, that weene themselues as fledge as the reste, being..as kallowe as the rest.

1647 J. Cleveland Poems in Char. London-diurnall (Wing C4662) 33 Blasphemy unfledg'd, a callow curse.

a1689 A. Behn Widdow Ranter (1690) iv. iii. 44 She..that can prefer such a callow Fop as thou before a man.

1764 Crit. Rev. June 478 A callow reader may peruse it without perceiving any thing is wanting.

a1797 H. Walpole Mem. George II (1847) I. xii. 410 Teaching young and callow orators to soar.

1833 C. Lamb Newspapers 35 Years Ago in Last Ess. Elia 155 The first callow flights in authorship.

1892 W. J. Florence Gentleman's Handbk. Poker 158 Every time my callow friend won a pot he put the silver and bills in his pocket and would chip in the stuff as he needed it.

1946 C. Bush Case Second Chance viii. 114 Lies should be countered with lies. I, younger and remarkably callow, thought that was hardly cricket.

1985 Times 18 May 8/3 Was their protest just a passing phase of callow youth, like acne, easily remedied by maturity?

2012 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 4 Feb. (Sport section) 3 On paper they are raw, callow and underwhelming, a collection of worthy club players thrust into the international arena.

4. Chiefly in callow down. Designating the down of an unfledged bird; (hence) designating the soft facial hair of a boy or youth. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > hair > types of hair > [adjective] > down

mosya1475

mossy1567

callow down1598

tomentous1657

tomentose1698

pluffy1809

fluffy1848

pilar1860

the world > animals > birds > feather > [adjective] > having down > of unfledged bird > of down of

callow down1598

1598 W. Lisle tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Colonies 3 With downie callow feather Some yong ones dare assay to wrastl'against the weather.

1604 M. Drayton Owle sig. C^v His softe and callow downe.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 37 The callow Down began to cloath my Chin.

1735 W. Somervile Chace ii. 457 Prove..their Valour's Growth Mature, e'er yet the callow Down has spread Its curling Shade.

1843 Ainsworth's Mag. 3 138 The system which converts the callow down of the young ravens into their perfect plumage.

1899 Leeds Mercury Weekly Suppl. 7 Jan. 6/6 Some months of careful and assiduous effort had produced a soft and callow down, which was the pride of the future actor's heart and the delight of his eyes.

?1909 ‘O. S.’ Time's Revenges in Punch's Almanack for 1910 You have passed, you say, the salad season, Growing sick of boyhood's callow fluff.

1966 ‘A. Burgess’ Tremor of Intent ii. ii. 65 He was totally bald, but the smooth scalp..seemed less an affliction than an achievement, as though hair were a mere callow down to be shed in maturity.

B. n.¹

†1. A bald person. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > hair > hair of head > [noun] > state of having no > person having no

callowc1300

ballarda1382

pilgarlica1529

bald-head1535

bald-pate1601

smooth-patea1616

alopic1623

bald-coot1823

baldy1863

bladder of lard1864

skinhead1945

slaphead1990

c1300 St. Dunstan (Harl.) 89 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 37 Out, what haþ þe calewe [sc. St Dunstan] ido, what haþ þe calewe ido.

†2. An unfledged bird; a nestling. Also in figurative contexts. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > young person > youth or young man > [noun]

frumberdlingc1000

young manOE

childc1225

hind1297

pagec1300

youtha1325

fawnc1369

swainc1386

stripling1398

boy1440

springaldc1450

jovencel1490

younkera1522

speara1529

gorrel1530

lad1535

hobbledehoy1540

cockerel1547

waga1556

spring1559

loonc1560

hensure1568

youngster1577

imp1578

pigsney1581

cocklinga1586

demy1589

muchacho1591

shaver1592

snipper-snappera1593

callant1597

spaught1598

stubble boy1598

ghillie1603

codling1612

cuba1616

skippera1616

man-boy1637

sprig1646

callow1651

halflang1660

stubbed boy1683

gossoon1684

gilpie1718

stirraha1722

young lion1792

halfling1794

pubescent1795

young man1810

sixteener1824

señorito1843

tad1845

boysie1846

shaveling1854

ephebe1880

boychick1921

lightie1946

young blood1967

studmuffin1986

1651 Bp. J. Taylor XXVIII Serm. xv. 188 Such a person is like Homers bird, deplumes himselfe to feather all the naked callows that he sees.

1693 H. Higden Wary Widdow sig. H3 I took the faithless Callow from the Nest And Nurst thee in my Breast.

1855 P. G. Hamerton Isles Loch Awe 208 Beneath her wings her callows rest, Their bed is soft and warm.

3. English regional.

a. The top or rubble layer of a quarry, clay or gravel pit, etc., which has to be removed to reach the material to be quarried. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1805 J. Malcolm Compend. Mod. Husb. III. 289 Through the carelessness of the diggers, perhaps one-half and oftentimes two-thirds of the top soil, which they call callow..is intermixed with the siftings of the gravel, called hoggins.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 673 Callow, the top or rubble bed of a quarry. This is obliged to be removed before the useful material is raised.

1964 Derelict Land (Civic Trust) 56/1 The Lower Oxford 'knot' clay was found to extend to a depth of 100 feet, and the top twenty to thirty feet of ‘callow’ is now rejected as overburden.

†b. Chiefly East Anglian. The layer of soil lying above the subsoil; the topsoil. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > topsoil

swarth1649

uncallow1787

callow1823

ridding1827

encallow1836

baring1871

kelly1884

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near river > [noun] > flooded

holm?c1050

wash-land1794

callow1823

khadar1828

flood-plain1873

flood-landa1881

berm1891

várzea1911

toich1948

1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words 63 Calla—or Caller—or Callow, the surface of the land removed to dig for stones, &c.

1863 J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. (new ed.) II. (Gloss.) 721/3 Callow (Norf., Suff.), the soil covering the subsoil.

Compounds

† callow-mouse n. Obsolete rare a bat.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > order Chiroptera or bat > [noun]

rearmouseeOE

bata1300

callow-mouse1340

flinder-mouse1481

flittermouse1547

rattle-mouse1589

flickermouse1631

vespertilio1665

aliped1829

Cheiroptera1835

cheiropteran1835

rat-bat1851

rhinolophid1903

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 27 Þe enuious ne may ysy þet guod of oþren nanmore þanne þe oule oþer þe calouwe mous þe briȝtnesse of þe zonne.

Derivatives

† callowy adj. poetic Obsolete = sense A. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > young bird > [adjective] > unfledged or not fully fledged

featherlessc1460

implumec1540

callow1567

unfledge1581

unplumed1598

implumed1604

unfledgeda1616

pin-feathered1641

squab1706

implumous1755

fledgeless1769

callowy1823

1823 Monthly Mag. 55 240 Like to a bird, who bestows on her callowy nestlings the morsel.

1908 Every Where Mar. 6/2 The callowy boy disputes your rhyme.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	callow
释义	callowadj.¹n.¹ Brit. /ˈkaləʊ/, U.S. /ˈkæloʊ/ Forms: Old English calaw- (inflected form), Old English calew- (inflected form), Old English calo, Old English calw- (inflected form), Old English–Middle English calu, late Old English caluw, late Old English–1600s calow, Middle English calewe, Middle English calouh, Middle English calouwe, Middle English calowȝ, Middle English caluȝ, Middle English calwe, Middle English kalew- (inflected form, in copy of Old English charter), 1500s kallowe, 1500s– callow, 1800s calla (English regional (East Anglian)), 1800s caller (English regional (eastern)). Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch calu, cāle (Dutch kaal), Middle Low German kale, Old High German kalo (Middle High German kal, German kahl); further etymology uncertain.Further etymology. Perhaps < the same Indo-European base as Old Church Slavonic golŭ naked, bare, or perhaps an early borrowing into Germanic of classical Latin calvus bald (see calvity n.). Occurrences in charter bounds and in names. Use with reference to land (see sense A. 2) is attested in Anglo-Saxon charter bounds and in place names from Old English onwards, compare e.g. Calehelle , Kent (1086; now Calehill), Calehale , Derbyshire (1086; now Calow). Currency of the word in this sense in Middle English is probably implied by later field names such as Le Calwefeld , Hurley, Berkshire (1343). With use as noun denoting a person (see sense B. 1) compare early use as byname and surname, as Brichtric se Calewa (a1186), Philip Calewe (1260). A. adj.¹ †1. Bald, without hair. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > [adjective] > having no calloweOE balda1400 hairless1552 pilled-skinned1576 unhairy1576 unfeatheredc1600 the world > life > the body > hair > hair of head > [adjective] > having no calloweOE baldc1386 as bald (bare, black) as a coot1430 forehead-bald1530 pilled-pated1542 bald-pate1578 bald-headed1580 bald-pated1606 bald-head1820 baldish1833 tonsured1855 pollard1856 thin on top1869 slap-headed1994 eOE Bald's Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) i. 16 (table of contents) Læcedom gif mannes feax fealle, sealf wiþ þon, & gif man calu sie. lOE Distichs of Cato (Trin. Cambr.) xl, in Anglia (1972) 90 10 Monig mon hæfð micel feax on foran heafde & wyrð þeah færlice calu [lOE Julius caluw]. c1390 Cato's Distichs (Vernon) l. 384 in F. J. Furnivall Minor Poems Vernon MS (1901) ii. 584 (MED) Þat forehed is lodly Þat is calouh & bare. c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 5940 (MED) Caluȝ was his heuede swerd And to his nauel henge his berd. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Lev. xiii. 40 A man of whos heed heeris fleten awei, is calu [E.V. a1382 Bodl. 959 balled]. a1425 Medulla Gram. (Stonyhurst) f. 5^v Apiconsus [perh. read Apiciosus], balled or calwe. †2. Of land: not covered in vegetation; bare. Obsolete (chiefly English regional (southern) in later use).Apparently unattested between the Old English period and the 17th cent. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near river > [adjective] > flooded callowOE watered1652 fluviated1807 várzea1978 OE Charter: Abp. Oswald to Goding (Sawyer 1369) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 126 Þæt is þonne ærest of calawan hylle on foreweardan þære aldan dic. OE Bounds (Sawyer 1297) in D. Hooke Worcs. Anglo-Saxon Charter-bounds (1990) 250 Þæt swa be þam rahhege on calwan hyll. 1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 243 When these Lands are not swardy enough to bear clean tillage, nor callow or light enough to lie to get sward. 1888 B. Lowsley Gloss. Berks. Words & Phrases 57 To ‘lie caller’ is to lie bare or without crop. 1900 Connecticut Granges: Hist. Acct. Patrons Husbandry 585 The callow land was aerated with the leavening plow. 3. a. Of a young bird, or a part of its body: without feathers, unfledged. Also in extended use of other creatures. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > young bird > [adjective] > unfledged or not fully fledged featherlessc1460 implumec1540 callow1567 unfledge1581 unplumed1598 implumed1604 unfledgeda1616 pin-feathered1641 squab1706 implumous1755 fledgeless1769 callowy1823 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid Metamorphosis (new ed.) vi. f. 79^v They [sc. the sons of Boreas] were not borne with wings vpon their bodies in this sort. While Calais and Zetes had no beard vpon their chin, They both were callow. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 63 Yoong callow birds which are not yet fethered and fledg'd. 1640 tr. J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Reserata (new ed.) xiv. §147 Young chicks, callow and unfledge (..called peeping chicks). 1728 J. Thomson Spring 34 The callow Young..Their brittle Bondage break. 1739 P. Collinson Let. 12 Apr. in J. Bartram Corr. (1992) 118 Behold Two Nests of young Callow Ratts were kindled there. 1801 R. Southey Thalaba I. v. 259 Her young in the refreshing bath, Dipt down their callow heads. 1822 W. Hazlitt Table-talk II. xiv. 329 The callow brood are fledged. 1871 F. T. Palgrave Lyrical Poems 115 The callow bird unfilm'd his fervent eyes. 1915 Auk 32 428 These callow birds were perched on the plum bushes or moving slowly about on the sand and doubtless wondering what all the uproar was about. 1963 Times 6 July 11/1 If the jay was inserted as egg or callow nestling, why did the blackbirds not eject it then? 2008 L. L. Williams Storks' Nest 114 It [sc. a stork] affixed the branch at an awkward angle on the edge of the nest, forming a kind of toddler rail to keep the callow chicks from falling. b. figurative. Immature, inexperienced; naive. Also: characterized by immaturity or naivety. Cf. green adj. 8c, unfledged adj. 3.Now the usual sense. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > young person > [adjective] > young and inexperienced younga1200 callow1580 coltisha1586 pen-feathered1598 kitling1604 unfledgeda1616 codlinged1661 calfish1772 cubbish1819 vealy1890 preppy1900 the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > [adjective] > not used or accustomed > not used or experienced youngOE inexpertc1450 unfleshed1542 green1548 fresha1557 callow1580 pen-feathered1598 puisne1598 puny1602 unfledgeda1616 inexperienced1626 pin-feathered1641 sucking1648 infledgeda1661 inexperient1670 fledgeless1769 wet behind the ears1851 1580 G. Harvey in E. Spenser & G. Harvey Three Proper & Wittie Lett. 29 Some, that weene themselues as fledge as the reste, being..as kallowe as the rest. 1647 J. Cleveland Poems in Char. London-diurnall (Wing C4662) 33 Blasphemy unfledg'd, a callow curse. a1689 A. Behn Widdow Ranter (1690) iv. iii. 44 She..that can prefer such a callow Fop as thou before a man. 1764 Crit. Rev. June 478 A callow reader may peruse it without perceiving any thing is wanting. a1797 H. Walpole Mem. George II (1847) I. xii. 410 Teaching young and callow orators to soar. 1833 C. Lamb Newspapers 35 Years Ago in Last Ess. Elia 155 The first callow flights in authorship. 1892 W. J. Florence Gentleman's Handbk. Poker 158 Every time my callow friend won a pot he put the silver and bills in his pocket and would chip in the stuff as he needed it. 1946 C. Bush Case Second Chance viii. 114 Lies should be countered with lies. I, younger and remarkably callow, thought that was hardly cricket. 1985 Times 18 May 8/3 Was their protest just a passing phase of callow youth, like acne, easily remedied by maturity? 2012 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 4 Feb. (Sport section) 3 On paper they are raw, callow and underwhelming, a collection of worthy club players thrust into the international arena. 4. Chiefly in callow down. Designating the down of an unfledged bird; (hence) designating the soft facial hair of a boy or youth. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > types of hair > [adjective] > down mosya1475 mossy1567 callow down1598 tomentous1657 tomentose1698 pluffy1809 fluffy1848 pilar1860 the world > animals > birds > feather > [adjective] > having down > of unfledged bird > of down of callow down1598 1598 W. Lisle tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Colonies 3 With downie callow feather Some yong ones dare assay to wrastl'against the weather. 1604 M. Drayton Owle sig. C^v His softe and callow downe. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals viii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 37 The callow Down began to cloath my Chin. 1735 W. Somervile Chace ii. 457 Prove..their Valour's Growth Mature, e'er yet the callow Down has spread Its curling Shade. 1843 Ainsworth's Mag. 3 138 The system which converts the callow down of the young ravens into their perfect plumage. 1899 Leeds Mercury Weekly Suppl. 7 Jan. 6/6 Some months of careful and assiduous effort had produced a soft and callow down, which was the pride of the future actor's heart and the delight of his eyes. ?1909 ‘O. S.’ Time's Revenges in Punch's Almanack for 1910 You have passed, you say, the salad season, Growing sick of boyhood's callow fluff. 1966 ‘A. Burgess’ Tremor of Intent ii. ii. 65 He was totally bald, but the smooth scalp..seemed less an affliction than an achievement, as though hair were a mere callow down to be shed in maturity. B. n.¹ †1. A bald person. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > hair of head > [noun] > state of having no > person having no callowc1300 ballarda1382 pilgarlica1529 bald-head1535 bald-pate1601 smooth-patea1616 alopic1623 bald-coot1823 baldy1863 bladder of lard1864 skinhead1945 slaphead1990 c1300 St. Dunstan (Harl.) 89 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 37 Out, what haþ þe calewe [sc. St Dunstan] ido, what haþ þe calewe ido. †2. An unfledged bird; a nestling. Also in figurative contexts. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > young person > youth or young man > [noun] frumberdlingc1000 young manOE childc1225 hind1297 pagec1300 youtha1325 fawnc1369 swainc1386 stripling1398 boy1440 springaldc1450 jovencel1490 younkera1522 speara1529 gorrel1530 lad1535 hobbledehoy1540 cockerel1547 waga1556 spring1559 loonc1560 hensure1568 youngster1577 imp1578 pigsney1581 cocklinga1586 demy1589 muchacho1591 shaver1592 snipper-snappera1593 callant1597 spaught1598 stubble boy1598 ghillie1603 codling1612 cuba1616 skippera1616 man-boy1637 sprig1646 callow1651 halflang1660 stubbed boy1683 gossoon1684 gilpie1718 stirraha1722 young lion1792 halfling1794 pubescent1795 young man1810 sixteener1824 señorito1843 tad1845 boysie1846 shaveling1854 ephebe1880 boychick1921 lightie1946 young blood1967 studmuffin1986 1651 Bp. J. Taylor XXVIII Serm. xv. 188 Such a person is like Homers bird, deplumes himselfe to feather all the naked callows that he sees. 1693 H. Higden Wary Widdow sig. H3 I took the faithless Callow from the Nest And Nurst thee in my Breast. 1855 P. G. Hamerton Isles Loch Awe 208 Beneath her wings her callows rest, Their bed is soft and warm. 3. English regional. a. The top or rubble layer of a quarry, clay or gravel pit, etc., which has to be removed to reach the material to be quarried. Now rare. ΚΠ 1805 J. Malcolm Compend. Mod. Husb. III. 289 Through the carelessness of the diggers, perhaps one-half and oftentimes two-thirds of the top soil, which they call callow..is intermixed with the siftings of the gravel, called hoggins. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 673 Callow, the top or rubble bed of a quarry. This is obliged to be removed before the useful material is raised. 1964 Derelict Land (Civic Trust) 56/1 The Lower Oxford 'knot' clay was found to extend to a depth of 100 feet, and the top twenty to thirty feet of ‘callow’ is now rejected as overburden. †b. Chiefly East Anglian. The layer of soil lying above the subsoil; the topsoil. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > topsoil swarth1649 uncallow1787 callow1823 ridding1827 encallow1836 baring1871 kelly1884 the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near river > [noun] > flooded holm?c1050 wash-land1794 callow1823 khadar1828 flood-plain1873 flood-landa1881 berm1891 várzea1911 toich1948 1823 E. Moor Suffolk Words 63 Calla—or Caller—or Callow, the surface of the land removed to dig for stones, &c. 1863 J. C. Morton Cycl. Agric. (new ed.) II. (Gloss.) 721/3 Callow (Norf., Suff.), the soil covering the subsoil. Compounds † callow-mouse n. Obsolete rare a bat. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Chiroptera or bat > [noun] rearmouseeOE bata1300 callow-mouse1340 flinder-mouse1481 flittermouse1547 rattle-mouse1589 flickermouse1631 vespertilio1665 aliped1829 Cheiroptera1835 cheiropteran1835 rat-bat1851 rhinolophid1903 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 27 Þe enuious ne may ysy þet guod of oþren nanmore þanne þe oule oþer þe calouwe mous þe briȝtnesse of þe zonne. Derivatives † callowy adj. poetic Obsolete = sense A. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > young bird > [adjective] > unfledged or not fully fledged featherlessc1460 implumec1540 callow1567 unfledge1581 unplumed1598 implumed1604 unfledgeda1616 pin-feathered1641 squab1706 implumous1755 fledgeless1769 callowy1823 1823 Monthly Mag. 55 240 Like to a bird, who bestows on her callowy nestlings the morsel. 1908 Every Where Mar. 6/2 The callowy boy disputes your rhyme. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). callowadj.²n.² Brit. /ˈkaləʊ/, U.S. /ˈkæloʊ/, Irish English /ˈkæloʊ/ Origin: A borrowing from Irish. Etymon: Irish caladh. Etymology: < Irish caladh meadow by the bank of a river, specific use of caladh shore, land (as opposed to the sea) (Early Irish calad , probably use as noun of calad hard, cognate with Welsh caled hard); further etymology uncertain, perhaps < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin callus , noun: see callus n. A. adj.² In Ireland: designating low-lying land situated beside a river and regularly submerged by flooding. ΚΠ 1811 2nd Rep. Commissioners Bogs Ireland 192 in Parl. Papers 1810–11 (H.C. 96) VI. 579 The Bogs..are separated from the river by a long tract of high, dry, callow land, subject, immediately near the river, to being overflowed in winter. 1842 Dublin Univ. Mag. June 695/2 Broad tracts of bog or callow meadow-land. 1894 Fishing Gaz. 28 July 77/1 The low-lying callow land about is frequented by great numbers of wild geese in the winter. 1907 J. C. O'Hanlon & E. O'Leary Hist. Queen's County I. i. iii. 18 The waters oftentimes overflow the banks and sometimes cover the adjoining fields to a very wide extent, remaining for a considerable time on the callow meadows before they return to their natural channels. 1999 Irish Times 4 Feb. 2/1 The Shannon callow lands are a unique habitat for the wild birds of Europe. B. n.² In Ireland: a low-lying meadow situated beside a river and regularly submerged by flooding. ΚΠ 1814 4th Rep. Commissioners Bogs Ireland 110 in Parl. Papers 1813–14 (H.C. 131) VI. ii. 167 The increased value of the callows, (lands frequently flooded,) could not warrant the expense which must be incurred in lowering the falls. 1862 H. Coulter West of Ireland 8 The extensive Callows lying along the banks of the Suck. 1883 Dundee Advertiser 25 Aug. 6/1 All the callows on the banks [of the Shannon] to Lusmagh..are submerged. 1904 Irish Naturalist May 104 Redshanks are also numerous; they nest in the callows, which are full of Meadow-sweet. 1980 E. Carp Directory Wetlands Internat. Importance in W. Palearctic 198 The main feature of the wetland is its ‘callows’, the meadows on gleyed alluvial soils which are flooded with water from the river during winter. 2014 Irish Independent (Nexis) 15 Apr. 22 Holdings considered natural lands, such as river callows. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.¹n.¹eOEadj.²n.²1811
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callowadj.1n.1

Compounds

Derivatives

callowadj.2n.2

callowadj.¹n.¹

callowadj.²n.²