adoptiveadj.

Brit.

/əˈdɒptɪv/, U.S.

/əˈdɑptɪv/

Forms: late Middle English adoptif, late Middle English adoptiff, 1500s–1600s adoptiue, 1500s– adoptive; also Scottish pre-1700 adoptiue.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French adoptif; Latin adoptīvus.

Etymology: < French adoptif due to or deriving from adoption (c1200 in Old French in pere adoptif adoptive father) and its etymon classical Latin adoptīvus obtained or constituted by adoption < adoptāre adopt v. + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare Catalan adoptiu (15th cent.), Spanish adoptivo (c1250), Portuguese adotivo (14th cent.), Italian adottivo (a1292). With adoptive father at sense 1a compare Middle French, French père adoptif (c1200 in Old French: see above). With adoptive son at sense 1a compare Middle French, French fils adoptif (a1274 in Old French).

a. Due to or deriving from adoption (in sense 1); esp. having a specified familial relationship by adoption, as adoptive father, adoptive son, etc.In early use frequently as postmodifier.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [adjective] > related by adoption

adoptivec1429

adopted1483

adoptative1557

adoptiousa1616

affiliated1623

adoptional1660

a1425 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 1900) (1879) VII. 510 The holy kyng Edward..made William Norman his sone adoptivus [L. Willelmum Normannum adoptavit].]

c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 2884 Dede was the bodily son be verray deth corporele, So was the son adoptif be the deth spirituele.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vii. l. 842 (MED) In order cam Piso..Sone adoptiff..Of saide Galba.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. X.viij She is thy mother adoptiue, and my natural wife.

1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie viii. 31 Those Romaines therefore, vsed onelye in the front of their Letters to write firste their owne names, titles adoptiue and surnames.

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. i. 12 A Henne that faine would hatch a brood, (Some of her owne, some of adoptiue blood).

1743 M. Towers tr. Horace Lyric Pieces II. 59 (note) Terentia..was her proper Name by her Family, and Licinia her adoptive Name.

1798 H. T. Colebrooke tr. J. Tarkapañcānana Digest Hindu Law III. v. iv. 227 Sons inferior to these..claim the family of their adoptive father.

1805 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 18 May 742/1 That the throne of Italy be hereditary from male to male, in the direct and legitimate line natural and adoptive.

1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. 710 That the adoptive brother should be preferred to the brother by blood.

1935 R. F. Fortune Manus Relig. iii. 92 The mere fact of the dual allowance of blood ties and adoptive ties in Manus makes possible a wide range within which two households may make a marriage-contract.

1989 M. Dorris Broken Cord viii. 125 The decision to become an adoptive father was the part of my past about which I had never harbored a regret or a second thought.

2011 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 22 May 18 Illinois keeps an adoption registry where both adoptees and adoptive parents can register to be matched later on with each other.

b. Of or relating to the process of adopting a child.

ΚΠ

1883 Hermathena 4 319 The system of Roman adoptive law presented strong analogies to the Brahmanical system.

1935 San Antonio (Texas) Express 5 June 7/7 The perfect balance which a conscientious adoptive agency can insure is the child's right to a good home and the parents' satisfaction in this assumed relationship.

1971 Mod. Law Rev. 34 681 An unfettered discretion in the courts to do what they thought in terms of the adoptive process.

2011 R. D. Parke & A. Clarke-Stewart Social Devel. vii. 238 Since the 1970s, adoptive procedures have become more open and it is now quite common for birth parents, adoptive parents, and adoptees to know each other.

2. Taken up and treated as one's own; assumed.

ΚΠ

1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 3 The adoptive and cheerefull boldnesse which our new alliance with God requires.

1650 C. Rave (title) A sesquidecury, or a number of fifteene adoptive epistles..concerning care of the Orientall tongues to be promoted.

1682 W. Charleton Harmony Nat. & Positive Divine Laws ii. iii. 134 What hath hap'ned to many other Words, that they remain not in the sense of their Original; nay that in process of time..the adoptive sense comes at length to prevail over the Genuine.

1749 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 7 Feb. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1307 The herd of mankind can hardly be said to think; their notions are almost all adoptive.

1845 D. E. Rüppell Let. 5 Nov. in Numismatic Chron. 8 (1846) 122 Ian Alph is most probably an adoptive name which Gabes assumed.

1880 W. Cory Guide Mod. Eng. Hist. I. 189 To sacrifice himself to Greece as his adoptive country.

1917 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 11 555 Diplomats sometimes nod in their mother tongues or their adoptive tongue.

1962 R. Michels Polit. Parties vi. ii. 352 In their conduct towards persons in their employ the bourgeois socialists do not always subordinate personal interests to those of their adoptive class.

2004 P. J. Conradi Going Buddhist 50 Western Buddhists, disenchanted with their own post-industrial culture, yet scarcely convincing..as representatives of an adoptive world.

3. Tending or inclined to adopt new things.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > [adjective] > fitted or inclined to adopt

adoptive1880

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > [adjective] > taking into use

adoptive1880

1880 G. A. Sala in Illustr. London News 18 Dec. 587 Surely the English language is the most receptive and most swiftly adoptive in the world.

1906 49th Ann. Rep. State Hort. Soc. Missouri 380 As it is the most essential of productive industries, so it has been the most conservative, the most adoptive, and the most persistent.

1922 J. M. Miller Amazing Story Henry Ford iv. 24 Burroughs tells us that the inventor of the cheap automobile is more adoptive, more indifferent to places than Edison.

1992 N. Mohammad New Dimensions in Agric. Geogr. vii. 161 Low-caste people are less adoptive... Hence low-caste people should be given various kinds of incentives to adopt agricultural innovatives.

4. Immunology. Designating immunological processes and treatments involving the transfer of immunized cells between two individuals, or (in later use) the reintroduction of an individual's own cells after their immunization or expansion of their number in vitro.

ΚΠ

1954 R. E. Billingham et al. in Proc. Royal Soc. B. 143 59 Adoptive immunity is passive in the sense that it is of second-hand origin but active in that it depends upon the introduction and continued working of actively immunized cells.

1990 Sci. Amer. May 34/2 In my laboratory we concentrate on what is called adoptive immunotherapy, or cell-transfer therapy.

2010 Cancer Lett. 297 126/2 Adoptive cell therapy using ex vivo expanded T cells or NK cells is a new approach for the treatment of metastatic or minimal residual disease in cancers.

Compounds

adoptive Act n. (also with capital initial in the first element) British an Act of Parliament which does not come into force in a district until formally adopted by a local authority or other public body.

ΚΠ

1873 Chronol. Table & Index Statutes 1872, 35 & 36 Victoria Index 451 Adoptive Act authorising ratepayers of parish or borough to purchase and maintain public walks.

1926 Justice of Peace 16 Oct. 570/2 The system of legislation by Adoptive Acts comes under severe criticism from time to time.

2000 J. J. Parkinson-Bailey Manchester iii. 41 These were adoptive Acts, leaving the local authority the power to enforce or not.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	adoptive
释义	adoptiveadj. Brit. /əˈdɒptɪv/, U.S. /əˈdɑptɪv/ Forms: late Middle English adoptif, late Middle English adoptiff, 1500s–1600s adoptiue, 1500s– adoptive; also Scottish pre-1700 adoptiue. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French adoptif; Latin adoptīvus. Etymology: < French adoptif due to or deriving from adoption (c1200 in Old French in pere adoptif adoptive father) and its etymon classical Latin adoptīvus obtained or constituted by adoption < adoptāre adopt v. + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare Catalan adoptiu (15th cent.), Spanish adoptivo (c1250), Portuguese adotivo (14th cent.), Italian adottivo (a1292). With adoptive father at sense 1a compare Middle French, French père adoptif (c1200 in Old French: see above). With adoptive son at sense 1a compare Middle French, French fils adoptif (a1274 in Old French). 1. a. Due to or deriving from adoption (in sense 1); esp. having a specified familial relationship by adoption, as adoptive father, adoptive son, etc.In early use frequently as postmodifier. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [adjective] > related by adoption adoptivec1429 adopted1483 adoptative1557 adoptiousa1616 affiliated1623 adoptional1660 a1425 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 1900) (1879) VII. 510 The holy kyng Edward..made William Norman his sone adoptivus [L. Willelmum Normannum adoptavit].] c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 2884 Dede was the bodily son be verray deth corporele, So was the son adoptif be the deth spirituele. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vii. l. 842 (MED) In order cam Piso..Sone adoptiff..Of saide Galba. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. X.viij She is thy mother adoptiue, and my natural wife. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie viii. 31 Those Romaines therefore, vsed onelye in the front of their Letters to write firste their owne names, titles adoptiue and surnames. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. i. 12 A Henne that faine would hatch a brood, (Some of her owne, some of adoptiue blood). 1743 M. Towers tr. Horace Lyric Pieces II. 59 (note) Terentia..was her proper Name by her Family, and Licinia her adoptive Name. 1798 H. T. Colebrooke tr. J. Tarkapañcānana Digest Hindu Law III. v. iv. 227 Sons inferior to these..claim the family of their adoptive father. 1805 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 18 May 742/1 That the throne of Italy be hereditary from male to male, in the direct and legitimate line natural and adoptive. 1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. 710 That the adoptive brother should be preferred to the brother by blood. 1935 R. F. Fortune Manus Relig. iii. 92 The mere fact of the dual allowance of blood ties and adoptive ties in Manus makes possible a wide range within which two households may make a marriage-contract. 1989 M. Dorris Broken Cord viii. 125 The decision to become an adoptive father was the part of my past about which I had never harbored a regret or a second thought. 2011 Chicago Daily Herald (Nexis) 22 May 18 Illinois keeps an adoption registry where both adoptees and adoptive parents can register to be matched later on with each other. b. Of or relating to the process of adopting a child. ΚΠ 1883 Hermathena 4 319 The system of Roman adoptive law presented strong analogies to the Brahmanical system. 1935 San Antonio (Texas) Express 5 June 7/7 The perfect balance which a conscientious adoptive agency can insure is the child's right to a good home and the parents' satisfaction in this assumed relationship. 1971 Mod. Law Rev. 34 681 An unfettered discretion in the courts to do what they thought in terms of the adoptive process. 2011 R. D. Parke & A. Clarke-Stewart Social Devel. vii. 238 Since the 1970s, adoptive procedures have become more open and it is now quite common for birth parents, adoptive parents, and adoptees to know each other. 2. Taken up and treated as one's own; assumed. ΚΠ 1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 3 The adoptive and cheerefull boldnesse which our new alliance with God requires. 1650 C. Rave (title) A sesquidecury, or a number of fifteene adoptive epistles..concerning care of the Orientall tongues to be promoted. 1682 W. Charleton Harmony Nat. & Positive Divine Laws ii. iii. 134 What hath hap'ned to many other Words, that they remain not in the sense of their Original; nay that in process of time..the adoptive sense comes at length to prevail over the Genuine. 1749 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 7 Feb. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1307 The herd of mankind can hardly be said to think; their notions are almost all adoptive. 1845 D. E. Rüppell Let. 5 Nov. in Numismatic Chron. 8 (1846) 122 Ian Alph is most probably an adoptive name which Gabes assumed. 1880 W. Cory Guide Mod. Eng. Hist. I. 189 To sacrifice himself to Greece as his adoptive country. 1917 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 11 555 Diplomats sometimes nod in their mother tongues or their adoptive tongue. 1962 R. Michels Polit. Parties vi. ii. 352 In their conduct towards persons in their employ the bourgeois socialists do not always subordinate personal interests to those of their adoptive class. 2004 P. J. Conradi Going Buddhist 50 Western Buddhists, disenchanted with their own post-industrial culture, yet scarcely convincing..as representatives of an adoptive world. 3. Tending or inclined to adopt new things. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > taking possession > [adjective] > fitted or inclined to adopt adoptive1880 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > [adjective] > taking into use adoptive1880 1880 G. A. Sala in Illustr. London News 18 Dec. 587 Surely the English language is the most receptive and most swiftly adoptive in the world. 1906 49th Ann. Rep. State Hort. Soc. Missouri 380 As it is the most essential of productive industries, so it has been the most conservative, the most adoptive, and the most persistent. 1922 J. M. Miller Amazing Story Henry Ford iv. 24 Burroughs tells us that the inventor of the cheap automobile is more adoptive, more indifferent to places than Edison. 1992 N. Mohammad New Dimensions in Agric. Geogr. vii. 161 Low-caste people are less adoptive... Hence low-caste people should be given various kinds of incentives to adopt agricultural innovatives. 4. Immunology. Designating immunological processes and treatments involving the transfer of immunized cells between two individuals, or (in later use) the reintroduction of an individual's own cells after their immunization or expansion of their number in vitro. ΚΠ 1954 R. E. Billingham et al. in Proc. Royal Soc. B. 143 59 Adoptive immunity is passive in the sense that it is of second-hand origin but active in that it depends upon the introduction and continued working of actively immunized cells. 1990 Sci. Amer. May 34/2 In my laboratory we concentrate on what is called adoptive immunotherapy, or cell-transfer therapy. 2010 Cancer Lett. 297 126/2 Adoptive cell therapy using ex vivo expanded T cells or NK cells is a new approach for the treatment of metastatic or minimal residual disease in cancers. Compounds adoptive Act n. (also with capital initial in the first element) British an Act of Parliament which does not come into force in a district until formally adopted by a local authority or other public body. ΚΠ 1873 Chronol. Table & Index Statutes 1872, 35 & 36 Victoria Index 451 Adoptive Act authorising ratepayers of parish or borough to purchase and maintain public walks. 1926 Justice of Peace 16 Oct. 570/2 The system of legislation by Adoptive Acts comes under severe criticism from time to time. 2000 J. J. Parkinson-Bailey Manchester iii. 41 These were adoptive Acts, leaving the local authority the power to enforce or not. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.c1429
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