† afellv.

Forms:

α. see a- prefix¹ and fell v.; also south-western Middle English affulde (past tense), Middle English affulle, Middle English afulde (past tense).

β. early Middle English afalle (south-west midlands and south-western), early Middle English aualde (past tense, south-west midlands), early Middle English aualle (south-west midlands), early Middle English avalle (south-west midlands).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon arfellian to be offended (in an isolated attestation in a gloss of Matthew 17:26, glossing post-classical Latin scandalizare scandalize v.¹), Old High German irfellen to lay low, to strike down, to destroy, to cause to grieve (Middle High German ervellen to kill) < the Germanic base of or- prefix (compare a- prefix¹) + the Germanic base of fell v.The different forms of the stem vowel reflect the divergent Old English development (after i-mutation) of West Germanic a before l plus consonant: in West Saxon æ is broken to ea , which is subsequently i-mutated to ie , and (in late West Saxon) rounded to y (this is reflected in south-western Middle English by u ); in Kentish the i-mutation of ea is to e (which is continued in Middle English); in Anglian æ is retracted to a , which is subsequently i-mutated to æ (this is reflected in (some) west midland Middle English by a (see β. forms) and elsewhere in the midlands and north by e). See A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §§193(a), 200.1, R. Jordan Handb. der mittelenglischen Grammatik (ed. 2, 1934) §62, and compare E. Ekwall Contrib. Hist. Old Eng. Dial. (1917) 60–5.

Obsolete.

transitive. To strike down, kill; to bring or lay low; to destroy. Also: to fell (a tree). Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > bring to the ground/lay low

layc888

afelleOE

to throw downa1250

groundc1275

to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275

stoopc1275

evena1382

abatec1390

to bring downa1400

falla1400

welt?a1400

throwa1450

tumble1487

succumb1490

strewa1500

vaila1592

flat1607

level1614

floor1642

to fetch down1705

drop1726

supplant1751

α.

eOE Laws of Ine (Corpus Cambr. 173) xlii. §1. 108 Gif mon afelle on wuda wel monega treowa.., forgielde iii treowu ælc mid xxx scillingum.

OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xix. 44 Þine fynd..to eorþan afyllað þe [L. prosternent te] & þine bearn þe on ðe synt.

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 53 An ancre þet a windes puf of a word auelleð.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11384 Ær þa sweordes comen seouene he afelde [c1300 Otho afulde].

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 2854 (MED) Cristendom þai han michel afeld.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2494 Mo þan hundred of hure rout þay affulde ded on þe clay.

c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 5231 (MED) Þe kyng dude onon afelle Many þousande okes.

β. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 99 Þet awindes Puf aword mei afallen [a1250 Nero auelleð].a1250 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Titus) (1940) l. 235 Þe engles..seoð hare suster swa sorhfulliche afallet [c1225 Bod. aueallet].c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 13881 Godd seolf us fulste, ure feond to afallene.c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1963) l. 1036 Hire names..[beoþ] swiþe a-valled [c1275 Calig. afelled].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	afell
释义	† afellv. Forms: α. see a- prefix¹ and fell v.; also south-western Middle English affulde (past tense), Middle English affulle, Middle English afulde (past tense). β. early Middle English afalle (south-west midlands and south-western), early Middle English aualde (past tense, south-west midlands), early Middle English aualle (south-west midlands), early Middle English avalle (south-west midlands). Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon arfellian to be offended (in an isolated attestation in a gloss of Matthew 17:26, glossing post-classical Latin scandalizare scandalize v.¹), Old High German irfellen to lay low, to strike down, to destroy, to cause to grieve (Middle High German ervellen to kill) < the Germanic base of or- prefix (compare a- prefix¹) + the Germanic base of fell v.The different forms of the stem vowel reflect the divergent Old English development (after i-mutation) of West Germanic a before l plus consonant: in West Saxon æ is broken to ea , which is subsequently i-mutated to ie , and (in late West Saxon) rounded to y (this is reflected in south-western Middle English by u ); in Kentish the i-mutation of ea is to e (which is continued in Middle English); in Anglian æ is retracted to a , which is subsequently i-mutated to æ (this is reflected in (some) west midland Middle English by a (see β. forms) and elsewhere in the midlands and north by e). See A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §§193(a), 200.1, R. Jordan Handb. der mittelenglischen Grammatik (ed. 2, 1934) §62, and compare E. Ekwall Contrib. Hist. Old Eng. Dial. (1917) 60–5. Obsolete. transitive. To strike down, kill; to bring or lay low; to destroy. Also: to fell (a tree). Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > cause to come or go down [verb (transitive)] > bring to the ground/lay low layc888 afelleOE to throw downa1250 groundc1275 to lay to ground, to earth (Sc. at eird)c1275 stoopc1275 evena1382 abatec1390 to bring downa1400 falla1400 welt?a1400 throwa1450 tumble1487 succumb1490 strewa1500 vaila1592 flat1607 level1614 floor1642 to fetch down1705 drop1726 supplant1751 α. eOE Laws of Ine (Corpus Cambr. 173) xlii. §1. 108 Gif mon afelle on wuda wel monega treowa.., forgielde iii treowu ælc mid xxx scillingum. OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xix. 44 Þine fynd..to eorþan afyllað þe [L. prosternent te] & þine bearn þe on ðe synt. a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 53 An ancre þet a windes puf of a word auelleð. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11384 Ær þa sweordes comen seouene he afelde [c1300 Otho afulde]. c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 2854 (MED) Cristendom þai han michel afeld. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 2494 Mo þan hundred of hure rout þay affulde ded on þe clay. c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 5231 (MED) Þe kyng dude onon afelle Many þousande okes. β. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 99 Þet awindes Puf aword mei afallen [a1250 Nero auelleð].a1250 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Titus) (1940) l. 235 Þe engles..seoð hare suster swa sorhfulliche afallet [c1225 Bod. aueallet].c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 13881 Godd seolf us fulste, ure feond to afallene.c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1963) l. 1036 Hire names..[beoþ] swiþe a-valled [c1275 Calig. afelled]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.eOE
随便看	vedantic vedantism vedantist veday vedda veddah veddoid veddoids veddy vedette vedette boat vedettes vedic vedism vedist vedro veduta veduta ideata vedutista vee vee aerial vee antenna vee belt vee block vee engine