| 释义 |
zealn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French zele; Latin zēlus. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French zel, zele (French zèle ) fervour, passionate enthusiasm for a cause (14th cent.; frequently in religious contexts), passionate love or care on the part of God (15th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin zēlus jealousy, rivalry, emulation, in post-classical Latin also fervour (Vulgate) < ancient Greek ζῆλος jealousy, eager rivalry, emulation, pride, honour, glory, in Hellenistic Greek also fervour (Septuagint, New Testament), spirit < the same Indo-European base as (with different suffix) ancient Greek ζῆτειν to seek, inquire (compare zetetic adj.).Compare Old Occitan zel , Catalan zel , Spanish celo , Italian zelo (all 13th cent.), Portuguese zelo (13th cent. as ceo ). Specific senses. In sense 1 frequently after post-classical Latin zelus or its etymon ancient Greek ζῆλος, in biblical contexts often after Hebrew qin'āh ardour, passionate love, jealousy (compare jealousy n. 4c). In sense 5 after zealot n. Specific forms. The β. and γ. forms reflect reverse spellings in Older Scots; compare discussion at Z n. and Y n. 1. Passion, fervour; vehemence of feeling. society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > rapture > [noun] a1382 (Douce 370) (1850) 4 Kings xix. 31 The zeel [a1425 L.V. feruent loue, 1535 Coverdale gelousy; L. zelus] of the Lord of hoostis schal done that. 1531 G. Joye tr. xxxvii. sig. viv, These thinges shall the zele of the lorde of hostes thus bringe to passe, wherfore thus promyseth the lorde, as touchinge kynge Assyrye. 1611 Ezek. v. 13 They shal know that I the Lord haue spoken it in my zeale, when I haue accomplished my fury in them. View more context for this quotation a1653 Z. Boyd (1989) iii. 75 The zeale of God is that most earnest loue which he hath for his owne glory and the well of his Church. 1785 G. Butt viii. 42 You ye blest People who his will obey, To whom this great salvation in his zeal The God of Gods himself, Jehovah shall reveal. 1878 S. T. Lowrie & D. Moore tr. C. W. E. Nägelsbach Prophet Isaiah 287/1 in P. Schaff et al. tr. J. P. Lange et al. XI. Men do not perceive the hand of the Lord already lifted up for judgment. But they shall one day perceive it when God's zeal will display itself. 1886 C. T. Russell I. xv. 315 The devouring of the whole earth with the Fire of God's zeal. 1954 G. W. Anderson tr. S. Mowinckel i. iv. 107 This task is to be performed through the zeal of Yahweh of Hosts: Yahweh Himself will..establish justice. 2014 C. C. Simut i. ii. 98 God's zeal, as well as his wrath, are characterized by love. the mind > emotion > intense emotion > [noun] the mind > emotion > violent emotion > [noun] a1425 (c1384) (Corpus Oxf.) (1850) Ezek. viii. 3 The north, where the idol of zele [L. zeli], or enuye, was set. ?a1450 in C. von Nolcken (1979) 104 (MED) Somtyme zele is putte for enuy..also somtyme..for ire..: Wer..is zele and contencion..þer is vnstedfastenes and all schrewed werke. 1526 Gal. v. 20 The dedes of the flesshe..hatred, lawynge, zele [1611 emulations, 1881 (R.V.) jealousies; Gk. ζῆλος]. 1535 Ecclus. xlviii. 2 Elias the prophet..brought an honger vpon them and in his zele he made them few in nombre. 1575 T. Vautrollier tr. M. Luther iii. 88 These kindes of anger are good, and are called in the scripture ielousies or zeales. 1604 T. Wright (new ed.) ii. iii. 63 Zeale (that is, envie, emulation or indignation) and anger shorten thy dayes. 1700 tr. J. Le Clerc 265 For my part, I don't apprehend the Reason of Mr. Vander Waeyen's Zeal, or to speak more plainly, of his excessive Anger against Mr. L. C. who never mention'd him in his Writings, that I know of, nor had any Quarrel with him. the mind > emotion > love > [noun] > great love or devotion c1450 (c1415) in W. O. Ross (1940) 171 (MED) Crist..for þe gret zele and loue of man, shewed hym-selfe..as a pore childe. 1461–2 (Electronic ed.) Parl. Nov. 1461 §7. m. 2 The tender zele and naturall love that youre seid highnes bare unto the defence..of youre seid reame. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 43 Haue þerfore first zeel [L. Habe..zelum] to þiself, & þan maist þou haue zeel [L. zelare poteris] to þi neiȝbore. a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in (1557) 50/1 Hath the protectour so tender zele to him, that he fereth nothing but lest he should escape hym? ?a1562 G. Cavendish (1959) 36 The Cardynall espieng the great zeale that the kyng had conceyved in this Gentill woman. 1606 G. W. tr. Justinus xxxv. 113 Demetryus..spared his life not for any zeale hee had toward him. 1685 in F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney (1907) II. 403 I thought I had ground for those hopes, which..the zeal of my soul formed into wishes for her recovery. 1823 E. Logan II. ii. 24 She thanked me..for my zeal to her, and our holy religion. 1905 W. S. Cramp xv. 223 There is nothing too high for thy virtues and thy zeal towards me to merit. 2. Passionate enthusiasm for or dedication to a cause, belief, undertaking, etc.; vehement, eager, or dedicated pursuit of an objective. Also with disparaging implication: excessive or immoderate enthusiasm, devotion, or fervour. Frequently with for; formerly also with † of, to, unto, etc. In the late 16th and 17th centuries frequently used in Puritan discourse to express religious devotion and enthusiasm for reform, and hence used disparagingly by others to suggest excessive fervour or fanaticism; cf. sense 5 and Compounds.the mind > emotion > zeal or enthusiasm > [noun] the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > vehement or passionate desire > [noun] > a vehement or passionate desire a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) v. l. 1859 O moral Gower þis boke I directe To þe and the Philosophical Strode To vouchen sauf, per nede is to corecte Of your benygnitees and zeles. c1460 (McClean) (1960) 19 (MED) I counseyle þe to haue a zele..forto seye hem [sc. prayers] dystynctly..so þat þi tonge be not in þe queere and þin hert in þe towne. c1520 M. Nisbet (1903) II. 238 (margin) This angre and wraith was bot a weray zeill vnto the law of God. 1526 W. Bonde iii. sig. OOiiii Many hath a good zele to perfection, whiche for lacke of this lyght..knoweth nat what is to be don. 1563 J. Foxe 1309/2 Such ar zeles without knowlege, and iudgement. 1625 F. Bacon (new ed.) 331 I doe not finde, that those Zeales, doe any great Effects. 1653 Z. Coke Ep. Ded. sig. A3v Whereof (my Lords)..we..by your unwearied Zeals may..obtain the full..Fruition. 1700 J. Sharp x. 261 It would not be difficult to run the parallel between the Zeals of the two Religions. 1722 tr. J. B. Müller Manners & Customs of Ostiacks in tr. F. C. Weber II. iv. 86 A Zeal of converting the neighboring Nations. 1810 W. Taylor in J. W. Robberds (1843) II. 288 My zeals, however, though never lasting, are always revivable. 1894 1 July 57 The enthusiasm of honor, the zeals and even extravagances of pure passion. 1949 14 1 The unquestioning beliefs, the creeds and rituals, and the crusading zeals of a religion. 1991 P. D. Beidler 56 Troubled and shadowed with misguided zeals and hates. the mind > emotion > zeal or enthusiasm > [noun] the mind > will > wish or inclination > willingness > [noun] > heartiness or zeal c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) ii. l. 3168 (MED) With zel of feith I brenne as doth þe glede, Of alle harmys to bidden ȝow be war. c1450 (Harl. 6580) (1933) 240 (MED) Who-so-euer haȝ..desyre wyth gud seele in doynge what he may to true conuersyon of other, [etc.]. 1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Pref. sig. aiij By whose..godly zeale this myghtie portion of the worlde hath byn added to the flocke of Chrystes congregation. 1593 G. Harvey 106 Inordinate Zeale is a pernitious Reformer. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece (1858) II. 535 (heading) His gude Lyfe and Maneris, and Zeill of Justice. 1611 M. Smith in Transl. to Rdr. sig. A3v Zeale to promote the common good. 1641 J. Jackson iii. 197 They deride our worship, and zeale, as Michall did Davids. c1660 J. Evelyn anno 1641 (1955) II. 49 Popular reformers, whose zeale has foolishly transported them in other places rather to act like madmen, then religious. 1774 J. Adams in J. Adams & A. Adams (1876) 23 This zeal will prove fatal to the fortune and felicity of my family... Colonel Otis's phrase is, ‘The zeal-pot boils over’. 1797 May 422 In his ardent zeal for imitating the classical historians, the author has dropped all titles. 1816 Ld. Byron iv. 11 With all the zeal Which young and fiery converts feel. 1860 E. B. Ramsay (ed. 6) v. 183 He joined with his drinking propensities a great zeal for the Episcopal Church. 1920 5 677 He never permitted his zeal to carry him beyond the bounds of the strictest propriety. 1960 5 Jan. 3/7 The tendency for unscrupulous traders to exploit the competitive zeal of finance houses. 2015 P. McMichael ii. viii. 53 His superiors admired his zeal for the job and his no-nonsense ethic. the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > strong or eager desire > [noun] the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > vehement or passionate desire > [noun] c1451 J. Capgrave (1910) 65 (MED) Gilberd..had..so grete zel to lede soules to heuene. c1484 (a1475) J. de Caritate tr. (Takamiya) (1977) 141 (MED) Þei may haue a lyst and a zele to stody and to lerne. a1500 (a1470) (BL Add. 10099) 522 Wherfore he might nat performe his zele & desire þat he had conceyved Agenst þe Turke. 1547 in J. Strype (1721) II. App. K. 39 Upon the confydence of whych your accomplyschment to my expectation, zele, and request. 1581 A. Hall tr. Homer ii. 21 Ye rout with zeale of news now goes. 1600 W. Shakespeare v. v. 14 This doth inferre the zeale I had to see him. View more context for this quotation 1658 H. Slingsby Father's Legacy in (1836) 211 My tender zeal..of your future welfare. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil 131 Such Rage of Honey in their Bosom beats: And such a Zeal they have for flow'ry Sweets. View more context for this quotation the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose 1492–3 in (1839) I. 272/1 Johne Scot occupiit the said landis of gude ȝele be vertu of the said charter and sesing gevin to him be the said William Brovster. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil iii. Prol. 29 Gentill curtas redaris of guide zeill. 1533 J. Frith sig. Aiij Master More which of late hath busyed him selfe to medle in all such matters (of what zeale I wil not define). c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece vi. v. f. 68/1 Thus grew he Ilk day more terribill and odius to his pepill. And gouernit the realme with na better ȝeil than he gat it. c1600 R. Lindsay (1899) I. 14 Men of guid zeall and conscience. society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > rapture > [noun] > person the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > extreme opinion, dogmatism > fanaticism > [noun] > person 1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre i. iii. 7 in II As errant a Zeale as he. 1643 Sir T. Browne (authorized ed.) i. §3 There are..both in Greek, Roman, and African Churches, solemnities,..whereof the wiser zeales doe make a Christian use. View more context for this quotation 1647 Bp. J. Taylor Ep. Ded. 9 Although some Zeales are so hot, and their eyes so inflamed with their ardors. Compounds Frequently with reference to Puritan espousal of religious reform in the 16th and 17th centuries: see note at sense 2. the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > incautiousness > [adjective] > rash or reckless 1615 T. Overbury et al. (6th impr.) sig. I3 The hooke and crooke of his zeale-blind Shepheard. 1764 B. Martin IV. 901/2 Then rais'd almost to wrath, condemns the crimes Of Cromwell's zeal-blind days, and Charles's giddy times. 1898 C. Warman viii. 91 Across the desert in the broiling sun a zeal-blind pénitente is dragging a cross. 1629 A. Leighton 202 The fyrie zeal-consuming love of Gods howse. 1882 W. H. Jellie (vi. 29) 135/2 Nor..by apostles, confessors, zeal-consuming preachers has the iron-hearted world become melted. 1648 J. Beaumont xii. clxxix. 216 The Strangers Zeal-inflamed eye. 1736 J. Thomson 919 The worst the zeal-inflam'd Barbarian drew. 1892 3 Nov. 12/1 The pastoral letters of the Bishops are apt to read a little tamely by the side of the fiery eloquence of the denunciatory Dissenter and zeal-inflamed Reformer. 1955 Apr. 89/1 Zeal-inflamed agents of museums. 1652 E. Sparke sig. C3v Sweet unto all, pure at the Heart, Without the Zeale pretending Art: Covering the Good Graine she did sow, That so it might the better grow. 1658 R. Brathwait Age of Apes in 254 A zeale-pretending halting Laodicean. a1669 H. Foulis (1671) iii. ii. 150 Zeal-pretending-gravity. 1688 A. Shields sig. A2v Cast to a deep Zeal-quenching Lethergie. 1727 P. Walker 161 The Christ-dethroning, Church-ruining,..Zeal-quenching Indulgence. 1877 J. Tucker Acrostics xxxviii. in 85 Zeal-quenching griefs that oft the young heart break. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas ii. i. 302 The profanee, zeale-scoffing Atheist. a1644 F. Quarles (1645) Soliloquy v. 26 O but my zeal-transported soul, take heed. 1659 W. Chamberlayne ii. 180 Unto Mazara whose firm Love attends Her least Commands, incenst Florenza sends, Whose zeal transported Soul no sooner hears That welcome sound, but though presaging fears, Prompt him to stay. Derivatives the mind > emotion > zeal or enthusiasm > [noun] > one with enthusiasm for something ?a1450 in C. von Nolcken (1979) 103 Zele is double: þat is to sey gode & yuel. Gode zele is somtyme ytake for spousale luffyng... And so God, þat is þe spouse of holy chirche, is a strong zeler... Also þat God is a stronge zeler vengyng into þe 3. & þe 4. generacion. 1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara iii. xli. f. 219 Persecutours of euyil, zelers of good. 1632 J. Porter 193 A feruent zealer of monasticall religion. 1673 R. Strange tr. J. E. Nieremberg ii. ix. 192 Thou lover and zealer of Iesus. society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > rapture > [noun] > person the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > extreme opinion, dogmatism > fanaticism > [noun] > person 1614 C. Brooke ii. lxxiv. sig. G2v Proue not a Zelist in fond Purity, Nor paint a Heauen, nor counterfeit a Hell. 1638 T. Herbert (rev. ed.) 27 The Meccan zealists have here a few poore built Mosques. a1657 C. Croke (1667) 16 His little Tutor, who like a second Protaeus could ingeniously disguise himself into the most safe shape; sometimes one of Goodwins Disciples, then a Presbyterian Zealist. 1939 20 Mar. l. 24/2 He throws himself into his hobby with the intensity of a zealist to escape for the moment the awful feeling of responsibility. 1797 J. Bentham Let. 8 Sept. in (1981) V. 376 Knowing..your zeal for all zeal-worthy objects. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † zealv.Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: Latin zelare ; zeal n. Etymology: Partly (i) < post-classical Latin zelare (transitive) to be jealous of, covet, to love with a jealous love, to be jealous for (Vetus Latina), (intransitive) to be jealous (4th cent. in Augustine) < ancient Greek ζηλοῦν to emulate, to be jealous of, envy, to desire, strive after < ζῆλος zeal n., and partly (ii) < zeal n. Compare earlier zealing adj.Compare post-classical Latin zelari (deponent) to be jealous (Vetus Latina, Vulgate), (transitive) to love with a jealous love, be zealous for (Vulgate), to envy, be jealous of (4th cent.). Compare also Middle French zeler, French †zéler to be zealous (for a person or in support of a cause) (late 15th cent.), to have a great desire for (something) (16th cent.). Obsolete. 1. the mind > emotion > zeal or enthusiasm > be zealous for [verb (transitive)] the mind > emotion > love > [verb (transitive)] > be or become devoted to or delighted with 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus i. 69 A notable exaumple of sapience with whole herte & mynde, feruently desired and zeled [L. insigne exemplum adamatae sapientiae]. 1610 II. Wisd. i. 12 Zeale [L. zelare] not death in the errour of your life. 1623 Sir R. Naunton in S. R. Gardiner (1871) 193 Blesse and prosper it to both yourselves and to all that truely zeale your truest prosperities. 1687 T. Codrington 17 Subjects, not Zealing now, as formerly, their Prince's Glory, contribute less to the Augmentation of it. the mind > emotion > zeal or enthusiasm > be or become zealous [verb (intransitive)] a1626 F. Bacon (1641) 19 Stiffe fellowes, and such as zeale marvellously for those whom they have chosen to bee their masters. the mind > emotion > zeal or enthusiasm > be zealous for [verb (transitive)] > inspire with zeal or enthusiasm 1549 J. Cheke sig. G7 Men zealed toward god, but not fit to iudge. 1642 D. Featley 85 They will..stirre up an earnestnesse in them in religion, as zealing their owne being opposed by falshood. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2020). <  n.a1382 v.1542 |
