单词 | epigenetic |
释义 | epigeneticadj. 1. a. Biology. Of or relating to epigenesis (epigenesis n. 1); characterized by or involving epigenesis.Now chiefly historical: see note at epigenesis n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > formation of substances, etc. > [adjective] animalized1748 secreting1807 epigenetic1830 elaborative1845 albuminiferous1850 albuminiparous1852 lymphogenous1889 chemosynthetic1898 lymphopoietic1915 biosynthetic1917 biogenetic1930 steroidogenic1951 the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > types of reproduction > [adjective] > spontaneous epigenetic1830 heterogenetic1872 biopoeic1953 1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 372 Of anatomists and pathologists, some..consider the accidental tissues as the result of transformations that have been undergone by the natural tissues... Others..regard them as new or epigenetic productions [Fr. des productions nouvelles ou épigénétiques]. 1883 W. Arthur On Difference between Physical & Moral Law 160 Epigenetic progress from germ to organ. 1887 Mind Oct. 629 He..contends for an ‘epigenetic’ as distinguished from an evolutionary view of the origins of civilisation. 1938 Amer. Jrnl. Clin. Pathol. 8 112 If development is anything, it is certainly epigenetic; which means that as one part is produced, it influences and exercises effects on the oncoming parts as they are developed. 2014 J. Maienschein Embryos under Microscope ii. 28 An individual begins as a mixture of fluids, according to many epigenetic interpretations such as Aristotle's. b. Designating (esp. heritable) changes in the phenotype of a cell or organism that do not involve genetic differences in the DNA sequence; (also) designating the mechanisms by which genes are expressed and regulated; of or relating to these. Cf. epigenetics n. ΚΠ 1958 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 44 713 The existence of phenotypic differences between cells of the same genotype merely indicates that the expressed specificities are not determined entirely by the DNA present in the cell—that other devices, epigenetic systems, regulate the expression of the genetically determined potentialities. 1970 Amer. Scientist May 307/1 Various genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, nevertheless, exist which could, in principle at least, account for the heritable cellular change that leads to the continued abnormal and autonomous proliferation of a tumor cell. 2015 N.Y. Times Mag. 12 July 52/1 How an individual's genes respond to that environment—how they are expressed—creates what scientists call an epigenetic profile. 2015 Q. Rev. Biophysics 48 448/2 The birth of mirror-image animals is not due to the epigenetic consequence but to the chiral positioning of blastomeres at the eight-cell stage. 2. a. Geology. Of a deposit of ore or other formation: of later origin than the rocks in which it occurs. Also: of or relating to such a deposit. Contrasted with syngenetic adj. 2. ΚΠ 1844 B. M. Keilhau in Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 37 168 These rocks also became what they now are, by having been, so to speak, twice formed... If this epigenetic mode of formation, as it may be shortly termed, were even less intelligible than it really is.., yet we ought to find no reason in this for casting away the result that has been obtained. 1917 W. H. Emmons Enrichm. of Ore Deposits (U.S. Dept. Interior Geol. Surv.) Bull. No. 625. 141 This process [sc. metasomatism] goes on under widely varying conditions and operates to form epigenetic ores of every class. 1965 G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. xiii. 207/2 Autoradiographs show the radioactivity to be confined to the carbonaceous material which is clearly epigenetic in origin. 2015 D. Rickard Pyrite v. 147 They clearly display epigenetic characteristics since the veins are cross-cutting the earlier host rocks. b. Physical Geography. Of a stream, valley, or drainage pattern: following a course which is independent of the underlying rock structure, typically having been determined by strata which have been removed by erosion; = superimposed adj. 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > valley > [adjective] > other types subsidiary1826 V-shaped1835 diaclinal1874 anaclinal1875 antecedent1875 cataclinal1875 consequent1875 superimposed1875 epigenetic1888 subsequent1889 insequent1897 oversteepened1900 re-entrant1901 1888 W. J. McGee in 7th Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. 1885–6 560 Still more recently Richthofen, neglecting antecedent drainage and designating the superimposed class of Powell epigenetic, has formulated a classification of the remaining types of continental depressions. 1937 S. W. Wooldridge & R. S. Morgan Physical Basis Geogr. xxii. 401 ‘Epigenetic gorges’ through ridges, due to superimposition of drainage. 2015 M. Veress & Z. Unger in D. Lóczy Landscapes & Landforms Hungary vii. 57/2 The bottom of the epigenetic valley is covered by the debris transported from the valley generated in the basalt terrain. Derivatives ˌepigeˈnetically adv. with respect to epigenesis; in an epigenetic manner. ΚΠ 1880 Jrnl. Speculative Philos. 14 93 The word transcendental, again, is used of all those à priori formal elements by which, in that they epigenetically come upon these sensations, and infuse into them a new force, Kant proposes to advance the required conditions explanatory of our experience under such presuppositions. 1894 Amer. Naturalist 28 278 The egg is a specifically organized one-celled organism that develops epigenetically by process of multiplication of cells with subsequent differentiation. 1947 Earth Sci. Digest Apr. 10/2 Most geologists agree that the majority of our dolomite deposits have been formed epigenetically. 2015 R. C. Francis in S. Olfman Sci. & Pseudosci. Children's Mental Health iii. 35 Meaney and his coworkers were able to epigenetically rescue individuals subject to poor mothering through a chemical intervention. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2021). < |
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