| 释义 |
yeskn. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: yesk v. Etymology: < yesk v. or its Germanic base.Some details of the phonological development of the word are unclear. Some forms may be partly imitative (especially in uses in sense 2). With yask at α. forms perhaps compare hask adj. 3. The β. , γ. , and ε. forms show metathesis (compare ask v. and discussion at that entry). The stem vowel of the γ. forms appears to reflect an Old English form with back mutation of e to eo before back vowels of the inflectional ending. In the later γ. forms the word has frequently been reanalysed as a plural in -s (compare plural uses of hiccup n.). This in turn has led to occasional inferred singular forms, e.g. English regional (Cornwall) yock (in to give a yock to try to swallow when the mouth is empty (19th cent.)); compare also yoke v.2 Now Scottish and English regional. the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > weeping > [noun] > sobbing > a sob eOE (transcript of damaged MS) (2009) ii. 5 Me þios siccetung hafað agæled, ðes geocsa, þæt ic þa ged ne mæg gefegean. 1824 T. J. L. Prichard 177 The yex of lamenting was heard from no few. the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > fart or belch > [noun] > hiccup or belch the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > [noun] > hiccupping > a hiccup eOE (1974) 50 Singultus, iesca[eOE Cleopatra Gloss. gescea]. eOE (Royal) (1865) i. xviii. 60 Spiwe þa deah þam monnum þe for fylle gihsa slihð. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. ix. 909 [Anetum] haþ vertu..to abate þe ȝox þat comeþ of fulnesse. ?a1425 (?1373) (1938) f. 3v (MED) Þe smoke þere of dryvith a-way evill spiritis and comfortiþ chilryn and hit helpiþ for þe youske. c1450 in W. R. Dawson (1934) 308 (MED) Yoxe: hold both thyn handys in hote water or ale and it wyll away. 1530 J. Palsgrave 291/1 Yeske that cometh of the stomake, sanglout. 1547 A. Borde i. f. Cxxiii It is named the yexe or the hicket, and in some the dronken mannes coughe. 1548 W. Patten Pref. sig. cvjv (margin) [They] wt a yoxe, do soon dye. 1564 T. Harding ii. f. 46 The yeax and vomite folowed. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens ii. lxxiv. 246 Two or three branches of Myntes..do swage and appease the Hicquet or yeoxe. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny II. xxviii. xx. 342 They shall find a remedie for the yox. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus xxx. ix. 392 The yex that often shooke his flankes and small guts. 1621 J. Taylor sig. D2 One staggering there hath got the Drunken yox. a1728 W. Kennett (Lansd. 1033) f. 481/1 Yoaks, hiccup. 1808 J. Jamieson Yeisk, Yesk, s., a single affection of hiccup, S. as, He gae a great yesk, S. B. eesk, id. 1824 J. Mactaggart 266 Drink..Which cures the yisk and waterbrash. 1825 J. Jennings 85 Yokes, hiccups. 1876 F. K. Robinson Yeux, a hiccup. 1879 G. F. Jackson Yask, a term used to express the sound made by a violent effort to get quit of something in the throat... ‘Bygum! 'e wuz aumust choked, 'e gid sich a yask.’ 1888 F. T. Elworthy at Yucks Why Tommy, you've a-got the yucks—drink some cold water. 1915 H. Beaton 27 Foo lang wull ye lead th' nicht? Ye wull ca th' puir chiel fussionless, an' gar him tak' th' esk. 1952 (Glasgow Ballad Club) 5th Ser. 19 The echo dunnered through the lift Wi' mony a yesk and gant and rift. 1996 D. Kynoch 27/2 Tak the esk, get hiccups. 2007 D. Else (Lonely Planet) (ed. 2) 174 The examples of dialect words that follow are drawn mostly from Devon English, but can usually be found across the southwest... yucks..hiccups. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). yeskv.Origin: Apparently a word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Apparently cognate with Middle Dutch gisscen to gulp, to gasp, to pant, to sob, Middle Low German geschen , gischen , jeschen to gulp, to sob (German regional (Low German) gischen to pant), Old High German geskōn to yawn, to gape (Middle High German geschen ; compare also (with suffix) Old High German geskizzen , in the same sense) < a suffixed form of the Germanic base of Old English ginian yawn v.; perhaps compare classical Latin hīscere (see dehisce v.), which shows a suffixed form of the same Indo-European base (compare -ish suffix2). Compare slightly earlier yesking n. Compare also yoke v.2In Old English, as in Old High German, a weak verb of Class II. The verb is rare in Old English and continuity with Germanic is not entirely certain; it could alternatively have been re-formed < yesk n. For discussion of forms see yesk n. Earlier currency is probably implied by the (late 9th-cent.) composition date of quot. lOE at sense 1; compare quot. eOE at yesk n. 1 (from a verse adaptation of the same source based on a lost earlier manuscript). Compare also the early attestation in Old English glossaries of an (apparently related) weak Class I verb giscan (chiefly prefixed as gegiscan ; compare y- prefix), in uncertain sense, perhaps ‘to stop up (the mouth or jaws)’ or ‘to cause to choke’ or (less likely) ‘to gape’:eOE Épinal Gloss. (1974) 37 Oppillauit : gigiscdae [eOE Erfurt Gloss. giscdae]. Now rare ( Scottish and English regional and archaic in later use). the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > weeping > weep [verb (intransitive)] > sob lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius (Bodl.) (2009) I. ii. 244 Ic nu wepende and gisciende of geradra [probably read oft geradra] worda misfo. c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 1536 in C. Horstmann (1887) 150 And sore wepinde he wende forth, he ȝoxede and siȝte wel ofte. a1425 (c1395) (Royal) (1850) 4 Kings iv. 35 The child ȝoxide [a1382 Douce 370 breþede; L. oscitavit] seuene sithis. a1500 (c1400) (1977) l. 312 (MED) Þe bysshop..hade no space to speke, so spakly he ȝoskyd. 1510 J. Stanbridge (new ed.) sig. A.iv Singultio, to yeske or to sob. 1580 C. Hollyband Baailler, to gape, yaske, to yawne. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny I. xviii. xxxv. 614 Ravens crying one to another as if they sobbed or yexed therewith. 1629 J. Gaule 283 What thinkst thou of the Body, that yelpes and yexes, at any small push? 1651 R. Codrington tr. sig. Xv No wo may wound, no thought may threat, nor sorrow make us yex. 1906 C. M. Doughty V. xvii. 36 That noble Senator, imperial Claudius: Who, yexing, walks forth,..To gaze on Ilium, that yet flames, by night! 1944 J. Henderson in (1952) III. at Esk [Caithness] She wis cownin an iskan. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (intransitive)] > hiccup c1350 Nominale (Cambr. Ee.4.20) in (1906) 6* Homme mache et loreie, M[an]. chewith and ȝeskith. c1400 MS Arun. 42 in A. Way (1865) 539 (note) Anet, the sed coct, and al hot put to þe nostrelle, soffreth noȝt to galpyn, ne to rospyn, ne to ȝexyn. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 231 He yexeth [c1410 Harl. 7334 ȝoxeth, c1425 Petworth ȝeskeþ] and he speketh thurgh the nose As he were on the quakke or on the pose. a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in (2002) i. 135 Be yoxinge, ne bolkynge, ne gronynge. 1530 J. Palsgrave 786/2 Whan he yesketh next, tell hym some straunge newes, and he shall leave it. 1544 T. Phaer (1545) sig. Xvij It chaunceth oftentymes that a chylde yeaxeth out of measure. Wherfore it is expedyent to make the stomake eygre afore it be fed. a1555 Lyndesay in (Hunterian Club) 521/1441 Scho puft and yiskit with sic riftis, That verry dirt come furth with driftis. 1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais xxi. 90 He..yawned, spitted, coughed, yexed. 1656 T. Blount To Yex, is that we do, when we have the Hicket or Hick up. 1718 A. Ramsay Elegy Maggy Johnston in (ed. 2) 5 We did baith glowre and gaunt, And pish and spew, and yesk and maunt. 1789 R. Burns (1968) I. 460 Yestreen, alas! I was sae fu', I could but yisk and wink. 1804 R. Couper II. 220 Weel like ye, yeeskin', to be there, Though morn's a head-ach. 1905 I. Wilkinson in VI. at Yox [North Yorkshire] He was yexin'. c1915 R. McKinlay in (1952) III. at Esk [Aberdeenshire] Aisk. †3. the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > action of breaking wind > break wind [verb (intransitive)] > belch the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > action of breaking wind > break wind [verb (transitive)] > belch the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > respiratory spasms > have respiratory spasm [verb (intransitive)] > cough > to clear throat a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil (1959) viii. iv. l. 154 A laithly smok he ȝiskis blak as hell. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil (1959) viii. iv. l. 36 At hys mouth..Hys faderis reky flambe furth ȝiskyt he. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil (1957) iii. ix. l. 82 His nek furth of the cave He straucht, fordronkyn,..Bokkis furth and ȝyskis of ȝowstyr mony streym. a1560 T. Phaer tr. Virgil (1562) ix. sig. Div He their maisters head wt sword ofchopt, & left his tronke furth yexing belching blood. 1567 A. Golding tr. Ovid (new ed.) v. f. 58 He..Beheld him yesking forth his ghost. 1827 W. Tennant 154 It garr'd him yesk his drammach. 1882 E. L. Chamberlain 35 Our Polly swallow'd a pin.., but 'er yoxed it up after a bit. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > discharge or flux > discharge [verb (intransitive)] > cough or spit up the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (intransitive)] > retch 1664 H. Bold 158 Like Hawk he casts, and there lyes Yexing. 1882 Yox, to cough, or spit up. 1887 T. Darlington 442 Yask, to clear the throat; emit a short, dry cough. ‘Theer tha sits, baskin' an' yaskin'.’... ‘Hearken at that cat yaskin'; put her through th' window, else hoo'll be sick i' th' haise.’ 1893 J. Salisbury Yaux, to cough, or expectorate. ‘I don't want no bacca smokers in my kitchen, yauxin' an' spettin' about.’ Derivatives the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > action of breaking wind > [noun] > action of belching > person 1611 R. Cotgrave Sengloteur, one that hath the hickocke; a yexer. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.eOEv.lOE |
