tympanumn.

Brit.

/ˈtɪmpənəm/, U.S.

/ˈtɪmpənəm/

Forms: Plural tympana.

Etymology: < Latin tympanum drum, wheel for raising weights, face of pediment, etc., < Greek τύμπανον drum, < root of τύπτειν to strike, beat.

1. A drum or similar instrument, as a tambourine or timbrel (esp. ancient); also, the stretched membrane of a drum, a drum-head.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > percussion instrument > drum > [noun]

tympanc825

taborc1290

taborna1340

tambour1484

drumslade1527

drum?1534

tympany1534

tympanum1675

skin1929

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > percussion instrument > drum > [noun] > drumhead

head1567

swash-head1574–5

drumhead1580

skin1615

batter-head1704

tympanum1908

1675 J. Covel Diary in J. T. Bent Early Voy. Levant (1893) 203 6 Drumes, 4 trumpets, 2 kettle-drumes, and 4 tamburs (or tympanums) like sives cover'd with parchment at bottome.

1830 Hobart Town Almanack 92 The little tympanums which the Chinese hawk about the streets to amuse children.

1847 J. Leitch tr. C. O. Müller Anc. Art §395 (1850) 520 She [Cybele] is recognised by the crown of flowers, the tympanum as a symbol of her enthusiastic worship, and the car yoked with lions.

1908 H. H. Johnston G. Grenfell & Congo I. xvi. 394 The slipping of his fingers down the cane set up a vibration of the tympanum of the drum.

a. Anatomy. The drum of the ear (medieval Latin tympanum auris, Albertus Magnus c1255); the middle ear, consisting of a cavity in the temporal bone, filled with air, separated from the outer auditory canal by the tympanic membrane (membrana tympani) and from the inner ear by the membranes of the fenestra ovalis and fenestra rotunda, and containing the chain of small bones (auditory ossicles), or in lower vertebrates the single bone (columella), by which sound-vibrations are conveyed to the inner ear. Also often applied to the tympanic membrane simply.In insects, a similar membrane with connected parts, in some cases supposed to constitute an organ of hearing (cf. quot. 1887 at tympanal adj.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > sense organ > hearing organ > parts of hearing organ > [noun] > ear-drum

tympan1549

tabor1594

drum1615

tympanum1619

meninx1630

eardrum1708

middle ear1808

1619 S. Purchas Microcosmus ix. 99 The passage auditorie being anfractuous, lest the Tympanum should by directer incursions be endangered.

1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 185 At the end of this hole is a Membrane..stretched like the head of a Drum, and therefore by Anatomists called also Tympanum.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 47. ⁋3 I recited some Heroick Lines..which operated so strongly on the Tympanum of his Ear [etc.].

1726 A. Monro Anat. Humane Bones 97 The Cavity of the Ear, called Tympanum.

1840 G. V. Ellis Demonstr. Anat. 282 The tympanum or middle ear is a circular space, situated in the base of the petrous portion of the temporal bone..; a chain of small bones crosses the cavity, to convey the undulations of sound to the labyrinth that is internal to it.

1856 R. B. Todd & W. Bowman Physiol. Anat. II. 63 The tympanum..communicates..with the cavity of the throat through..the Eustachian tube, whereby air has a free access into the tympanum.

1868 P. M. Duncan tr. L. Figuier Insect World Introd. 6 The membrane..represents a trace of the tympanum which exists among the higher animals.

1871 D. G. Rossetti Dante at Verona in Poems xlvi A Jester,..a ribald mouth to shout In Folly's horny tympanum Such things as make the wise man dumb.

1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 116 A tympanum, tympanic cavity [etc.] are..absent in..fishes.

b. Ornithology (a) Each of the two inflatable air-sacs at the sides of the neck in certain birds, as grouse. (b) Applied to the bony labyrinth at the base of the trachea in certain species of duck, having resonant membranes in its walls.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Tetraonidae (grouse) > [noun] > member of (grouse) > part of

tympanum1873

the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > parts of

stomach-pouch1854

tympanum1873

1873 E. Coues Birds of Northwest (1874) 416 An illy-defined white area on each side of the neck, over the tympanum.

1896 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. IV 984 [In] the males of many..Anseres, some 6 or 8 of the lowest rings [of the trachea are] fused together..forming..the bulba ossea or labyrinth... This..becomes very complicated in the group of ‘Diving Ducks’, forming in many cases a tympanum, whose bony walls are fenestrated and the spaces filled with a resonant membrane.

3. Architecture.

a. The die or cubical portion of a pedestal.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > pedestal > dado

trunk1563

tympanum1658

dado1664

die1664

1658 tr. G. della Porta Nat. Magick xix. v. 393 And in the upper surface of the Tympanum, bore the basis quite through with a little pipe, which enters into the hollow of the Tympanum.

b. The vertical recessed face of a pediment, often adorned with sculpture.The sense ‘panel of a door’, given in the Glossary to Gwilt's Encycl. Archit., and thence in modern dictionaries, is apparently only Latin (Vitruvius).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > pediment > face of

tympanuma1684

tympan1767

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1680 (1955) IV. 199 The Tympanum or Gabel at the front [of Cassiobury] is a Bass-relievo of Diana hunting.

1723 E. Chambers tr. S. Le Clerc Treat. Archit. I. 111 The Tympanum is either Triangular or Circular.

1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 161 The statues..which filled the tympana, or triangular spaces of the pediments at both ends of the temple.

a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. 166 In the tympanum are sculptured scenes from Scripture history.

4. Mechanics.

†a. The barrel of a capstan or similar apparatus for raising weights (? only Latin). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > winch or capstan > drum or barrel of

barrel?1518

roller1609

turn-tree1653

turn-beam1679

tympanum1704

capstan-barrel1706

rope barrel1797

rope roll1811

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Tympanum, in Mechanicks, is a Cylinder, but larger and shorter than the common Axis or Cylinder,..and..usually placed upon that Axis, and is much the same with the Peritrochium, which is a kind of Wheel..in whose Circumference are Staves or Levers to turn the Axis easily about, in order to raise the Weight required.

b. A kind of wheel (originally drum-shaped) with curved radial partitions, used for raising water.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > for raising water > wheel for raising water

waterwheel1591

Persian wheel1649

sakia1687

noria1696

Egyptian wheel1793

bucket-wheel1797

tabut1836

pot-wheel1852

tympan1858

irrigation-wheel1864

spider-wheel1868

tympanum1875

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Tympanum, 1. An ancient form of wheel for elevating water... The Roman form of the tympanum is described by Vitruvius,..and was derived from Egypt... The tympanum, under the name of the scoop-wheel, is much used in the drainage of the fens in the East of England.

Thesaurus »

Categories »

c. A hollow wheel turned by two or more persons walking inside it, and communicating motion to a machine ( Cent. Dict. 1891).

5. Botany. A membrane stretching across the mouth of the spore-case in some urn-mosses.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > moss > [noun] > parts of

moutha1398

fimbria1752

calyptra1753

veil1760

lid1776

apophysis1785

operculum1788

peristoma1792

peristome1799

peristomium1806

hair-point1818

vaginula1818

perigynium1821

vaginule1821

gemma1830

paraphyllium1832

tympanum1832

perigon1857

pseudopodium1861

commissure1863

ocrea1863

cap1864

chaeta1866

struma1866

membranulet1891

pyxis1900

pseudopod1914

annulus-

1832 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. 201 Sometimes one membrane only remains,..stretching across the orifice of the theca, which is closed up by it; this is sometimes named the tympanum.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	tympanum
释义	tympanumn. Brit. /ˈtɪmpənəm/, U.S. /ˈtɪmpənəm/ Forms: Plural tympana. Etymology: < Latin tympanum drum, wheel for raising weights, face of pediment, etc., < Greek τύμπανον drum, < root of τύπτειν to strike, beat. 1. A drum or similar instrument, as a tambourine or timbrel (esp. ancient); also, the stretched membrane of a drum, a drum-head. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > percussion instrument > drum > [noun] tympanc825 taborc1290 taborna1340 tambour1484 drumslade1527 drum?1534 tympany1534 tympanum1675 skin1929 society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > percussion instrument > drum > [noun] > drumhead head1567 swash-head1574–5 drumhead1580 skin1615 batter-head1704 tympanum1908 1675 J. Covel Diary in J. T. Bent Early Voy. Levant (1893) 203 6 Drumes, 4 trumpets, 2 kettle-drumes, and 4 tamburs (or tympanums) like sives cover'd with parchment at bottome. 1830 Hobart Town Almanack 92 The little tympanums which the Chinese hawk about the streets to amuse children. 1847 J. Leitch tr. C. O. Müller Anc. Art §395 (1850) 520 She [Cybele] is recognised by the crown of flowers, the tympanum as a symbol of her enthusiastic worship, and the car yoked with lions. 1908 H. H. Johnston G. Grenfell & Congo I. xvi. 394 The slipping of his fingers down the cane set up a vibration of the tympanum of the drum. 2. a. Anatomy. The drum of the ear (medieval Latin tympanum auris, Albertus Magnus c1255); the middle ear, consisting of a cavity in the temporal bone, filled with air, separated from the outer auditory canal by the tympanic membrane (membrana tympani) and from the inner ear by the membranes of the fenestra ovalis and fenestra rotunda, and containing the chain of small bones (auditory ossicles), or in lower vertebrates the single bone (columella), by which sound-vibrations are conveyed to the inner ear. Also often applied to the tympanic membrane simply.In insects, a similar membrane with connected parts, in some cases supposed to constitute an organ of hearing (cf. quot. 1887 at tympanal adj.). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > sense organ > hearing organ > parts of hearing organ > [noun] > ear-drum tympan1549 tabor1594 drum1615 tympanum1619 meninx1630 eardrum1708 middle ear1808 1619 S. Purchas Microcosmus ix. 99 The passage auditorie being anfractuous, lest the Tympanum should by directer incursions be endangered. 1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 185 At the end of this hole is a Membrane..stretched like the head of a Drum, and therefore by Anatomists called also Tympanum. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 47. ⁋3 I recited some Heroick Lines..which operated so strongly on the Tympanum of his Ear [etc.]. 1726 A. Monro Anat. Humane Bones 97 The Cavity of the Ear, called Tympanum. 1840 G. V. Ellis Demonstr. Anat. 282 The tympanum or middle ear is a circular space, situated in the base of the petrous portion of the temporal bone..; a chain of small bones crosses the cavity, to convey the undulations of sound to the labyrinth that is internal to it. 1856 R. B. Todd & W. Bowman Physiol. Anat. II. 63 The tympanum..communicates..with the cavity of the throat through..the Eustachian tube, whereby air has a free access into the tympanum. 1868 P. M. Duncan tr. L. Figuier Insect World Introd. 6 The membrane..represents a trace of the tympanum which exists among the higher animals. 1871 D. G. Rossetti Dante at Verona in Poems xlvi A Jester,..a ribald mouth to shout In Folly's horny tympanum Such things as make the wise man dumb. 1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 116 A tympanum, tympanic cavity [etc.] are..absent in..fishes. b. Ornithology (a) Each of the two inflatable air-sacs at the sides of the neck in certain birds, as grouse. (b) Applied to the bony labyrinth at the base of the trachea in certain species of duck, having resonant membranes in its walls. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Tetraonidae (grouse) > [noun] > member of (grouse) > part of tympanum1873 the world > animals > birds > freshwater birds > order Anseriformes (geese, etc.) > subfamily Merginae (duck) > [noun] > parts of stomach-pouch1854 tympanum1873 1873 E. Coues Birds of Northwest (1874) 416 An illy-defined white area on each side of the neck, over the tympanum. 1896 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. IV 984 [In] the males of many..Anseres, some 6 or 8 of the lowest rings [of the trachea are] fused together..forming..the bulba ossea or labyrinth... This..becomes very complicated in the group of ‘Diving Ducks’, forming in many cases a tympanum, whose bony walls are fenestrated and the spaces filled with a resonant membrane. 3. Architecture. a. The die or cubical portion of a pedestal. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > pedestal > dado trunk1563 tympanum1658 dado1664 die1664 1658 tr. G. della Porta Nat. Magick xix. v. 393 And in the upper surface of the Tympanum, bore the basis quite through with a little pipe, which enters into the hollow of the Tympanum. b. The vertical recessed face of a pediment, often adorned with sculpture.The sense ‘panel of a door’, given in the Glossary to Gwilt's Encycl. Archit., and thence in modern dictionaries, is apparently only Latin (Vitruvius). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > pediment > face of tympanuma1684 tympan1767 a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1680 (1955) IV. 199 The Tympanum or Gabel at the front [of Cassiobury] is a Bass-relievo of Diana hunting. 1723 E. Chambers tr. S. Le Clerc Treat. Archit. I. 111 The Tympanum is either Triangular or Circular. 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 161 The statues..which filled the tympana, or triangular spaces of the pediments at both ends of the temple. a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. 166 In the tympanum are sculptured scenes from Scripture history. 4. Mechanics. †a. The barrel of a capstan or similar apparatus for raising weights (? only Latin). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > winch or capstan > drum or barrel of barrel?1518 roller1609 turn-tree1653 turn-beam1679 tympanum1704 capstan-barrel1706 rope barrel1797 rope roll1811 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Tympanum, in Mechanicks, is a Cylinder, but larger and shorter than the common Axis or Cylinder,..and..usually placed upon that Axis, and is much the same with the Peritrochium, which is a kind of Wheel..in whose Circumference are Staves or Levers to turn the Axis easily about, in order to raise the Weight required. b. A kind of wheel (originally drum-shaped) with curved radial partitions, used for raising water. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > for raising water > wheel for raising water waterwheel1591 Persian wheel1649 sakia1687 noria1696 Egyptian wheel1793 bucket-wheel1797 tabut1836 pot-wheel1852 tympan1858 irrigation-wheel1864 spider-wheel1868 tympanum1875 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Tympanum, 1. An ancient form of wheel for elevating water... The Roman form of the tympanum is described by Vitruvius,..and was derived from Egypt... The tympanum, under the name of the scoop-wheel, is much used in the drainage of the fens in the East of England. Thesaurus » Categories » c. A hollow wheel turned by two or more persons walking inside it, and communicating motion to a machine ( Cent. Dict. 1891). 5. Botany. A membrane stretching across the mouth of the spore-case in some urn-mosses. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > moss > [noun] > parts of moutha1398 fimbria1752 calyptra1753 veil1760 lid1776 apophysis1785 operculum1788 peristoma1792 peristome1799 peristomium1806 hair-point1818 vaginula1818 perigynium1821 vaginule1821 gemma1830 paraphyllium1832 tympanum1832 perigon1857 pseudopodium1861 commissure1863 ocrea1863 cap1864 chaeta1866 struma1866 membranulet1891 pyxis1900 pseudopod1914 annulus- 1832 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. 201 Sometimes one membrane only remains,..stretching across the orifice of the theca, which is closed up by it; this is sometimes named the tympanum. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1916; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1619
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