† wrethen.

Forms: α. Old English wræðo, -u, wræþu, Middle English wræþe, Middle English wreðe, Middle English wreth, Middle English–1500s wrethe, 1500s Scottish wreath. β. northernMiddle English wrythe, Middle English writh(e, Scottish wryth.

Etymology: Old English wrǽðo (also wráðo ), wrǽþu ( < wráþ wroth adj.), = Middle Low German wrêde . Old Norse *wreiði (Norwegian vreide ; Middle Swedish wredhe , vredhe , Swedish and Danish vrede ), reiði (Icelandic reiði , Norwegian reide ). A different Old English formation is represented by wrath n.

Obsolete.

1. Violent anger; = wrath n. 1. Also in the phrase be (= by), but, for, of, in, on, through, with wrethe.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > furious anger > [noun]

foamc900

wrethec950

woodnessc1000

eyec1175

wrathc1175

grim13..

ragingc1300

ragec1325

furyc1374

fiercetya1382

fiercenessc1384

wrotha1400

grindellaikc1400

rasedheadc1450

furor1477

windc1485

furiousnessc1500

enrage1502

furiosity1509

passion1524

ourningc1540

enragement1596

enragedness1611

transportation1617

emportment1663

madness1663

foaming1709

infuriation1848

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark iii. 21 And miððy geherdon his eodon to haldanne hine, cuoedon forðon þætte on wræðo [L. in furorem] gecerred wæs.

c1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (MS. F.) ann. 1051 Forþan hi wæran intinga þare wræðe ðe was betwyx him & ðan cinge.

c1250 Kent. Serm. in Old Eng. Misc. 33 Yef se deuel us wille a-cumbri þurch senne..oþer þurh wreþe.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 482 Lamech wið wreðe is knape nam.

c1330 Amis & Amil. 830 Lete thi wrethe first ouergon, Y pray the.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10049 Moght in hir noþer be wreth ne het, Hir tholmodenes it was sa gret.

a1400 Sir Degrev. (Thornton) 299 (Halliwell) Thus thay fighte in the frythe, With waa wreke thay thaire wrythe.

1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 135 Hatredyn engendryth wronge and wrethe.

c1440 Eng. Conq. Ireland 75 But in nothynge thay myght acorde, & begon to de-pert, as in wrethe.

c1480 (a1400) St. Agatha 121 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 361 In wryth quyncyane [bad] gef hire buffetis.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 290/2 Wrethe, angre, courroux, maltalent.

1587 W. Fowler Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 53 Sometymes through wreath, I forced was..To teare them all in peaces small.

Personif.c1420 J. Lydgate Assembly of Gods 624 Wrethe bestrode a wylde bore, and next hem gan ryde.in extended use.c1475 Partenay 231 An huge bore of meruelous wreth.

2. A fit or display of wrath; = wrath n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > [noun] > fit(s) or outburst(s) of anger

wratha1200

wrethea1400

hatelc1400

angerc1425

braida1450

fumea1529

passion1530

fustian fume1553

ruff1567

pelt1573

spleen1590

blaze1597

huff1599

blustera1616

dog-flawa1625

overboiling1767

explosion1769

squall1807

blowout1825

flare-up1837

fit1841

bust-up1842

wax1854

Scot1859

pelter1861

ructions1862

performance1864

outfling1865

rise1877

detonation1878

flare-out1879

bait1882

paddy1894

paddywhack1899

wingding1927

wing-dinger1933

eppie1987

a1400–50 Wars Alex. (Dublin) 865 Sir, lat þi wrethes all wende.

R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Mending of Life 117 Wrethis, hatredis, detraccions mekely suffyr.

3. Of the Deity: = wrath n. 4a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > furious anger > [noun] > fury of the Deity

wrethec900

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > nature or attributes of God > [noun] > righteous indignation > manifestation of

wrathc900

wrethec900

c900 in J. Stevenson Rituale Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis (1840) 11 In alle soðfæst[nis] ðin se ymbvoended [L. avertatur]..wræðo ðin.

a1023 Wulfstan Homilies 174 Hæfþ eal folc..micele wræþe æt gode þurh his ænne gilt.

a1300 Cursor Mundi 27362 O þat soruful dai o pain,..Þe dai o wreth, o quak and soru.

c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 1552 Þarewyth þai wreth God þat sese all; And his wreth at þe last sall with þam mete.

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. I. 191 Þat tyme þat Egipt was i-smyte wiþ God all myȝties wrethe.

c1420 Prose Life Alex. 76 Þe wrethe & þe wreke of oure goddez..fallez apon vs.

4. Injury, hurt, harm. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun]

clakec1000

wemming1100

hurt?c1225

un-i-soundc1275

breach1398

wrethec1400

discomfiture1599

tort1632

personal injury1653

punishment1811

insult1903

sports injury1932

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > harm, injury, or wrong > [noun]

loathc900

harmOE

teenOE

griefc1330

injurec1374

injuryc1384

truitc1390

spitea1400

wrethec1400

supprise1442

trouble1463

damage1470

objectionc1475

interess1489

tort1532

mishanter1754

c1400 Melayne 96 Wende thy waye..To Charles..& he sall wreke thy wrethis alle.

c1440 Bone Florence 1613 Hys mowthe, hys nose, braste owt on blood, Forthe at the chaumbur dore he yode, For drede of more wrethe.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

† wrethev.¹

Forms: α. Old English Northumbrian wræðan ( wuræðan), Middle English wreðen (Middle English werðen), Middle English wrethyn; Middle English wreþi, Middle English wreþe, wreth(e, Middle English Scottish wreyth. β. Middle English northern writhe.

Etymology: Old English wrǽðan , causative verb < wráþ wroth adj. Compare wroth v.

Obsolete.

a. transitive. Of persons (or things): To make angry; to vex, anger, irritate. = wrath v. 2.In frequent use from c1300 to c1400.

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > make angry

wrethec900

abelgheeOE

abaeileOE

teenOE

i-wrathec1075

wratha1200

awratha1250

gramec1275

forthcalla1300

excitea1340

grieve1362

movea1382

achafea1400

craba1400

angerc1400

mada1425

provokec1425

forwrecchec1450

wrothc1450

arage1470

incensea1513

puff1526

angry1530

despite1530

exasperate1534

exasper1545

stunt1583

pepper1599

enfever1647

nanger1675

to put or set up the back1728

roil1742

outrage1818

to put a person's monkey up1833

to get one's back up1840

to bring one's nap up1843

rouse1843

to get a person's shirt out1844

heat1855

to steam up1860

to get one's rag out1862

steam1922

to burn up1923

to flip out1964

c900 in J. Stevenson Rituale Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis (1840) 107 Se cyng..mið ðy giherde wræðde & sende hergvm sinvm.

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xviii. 34 And wuraeðde [L. iratus] hlaferd his gesalde hine ðæm pinerum.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 39 Bute we inwarliche imilcien and forȝeuen þan monne þe us wreðeð and sceandet.

c1230 Hali Meid. (1922) 38 For moni þing schal ham wreaðen & gremien.

a1240 Ureisun in Old Eng. Hom. 197 Þet ich ðe wreðede sume siðe hit me reoweð sore.

a1400 Seuyn Sages (W.) 3461 Sir, ye er wrethed wrang; That sal ye wit wele or I gang.

1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 199 God..no man refusyth, haue he neuer so myche hym wrethyd.

c1475 Partenay 2856 More neuer ne was woer..Then off that he hade wrethed so Raymounde.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 45 Gif he tuk till his helping, Ane or othir suld wrethit be.

b. reflexive. To wax angry; = wrath v. 3.

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (reflexive)]

i-wrathec1075

wratha1225

wrethec1275

movec1300

grieve1377

wrothc1425

anger?c1450

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4596 Þe kæisere hine wrædden [c1300 Otho iwarþ wroþ] þe Wurs him wes on heorte.

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter vii. 12 God is rightwis iuge;..he wrethis him noght ilk day.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18221 Wit þis can iesus him to wreth.

c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 995 For na thing that thou mai sayn, Wil i me wreth.

c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) iii. xxxii. 153 Nature wolde wretthe hire if man [etc.].

c. impersonal = anger v. 2b(b).

a1400–50 Wars Alex. 4639 Or ellis ȝow writhis with ȝour wele, for ȝe na welth haue!

2. intransitive. To become or be angry; = wrath v. 1.

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (intransitive)]

wrethec900

anbelgheOE

wratha1225

wrakea1300

grievec1350

angera1400

sweata1400

smoke1548

to put or set up the back1728

to have (also get) one's monkey up1833

to get (also have) the pricker1871

to have, get a cob on1937

grrra1963

the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (intransitive)] > become angry

wrethec900

wrothc975

abelghec1300

to move one's blood (also mood)c1330

to peck moodc1330

gremec1460

to take firea1513

fumec1522

sourdc1540

spitec1560

to set up the heckle1601

fire1604

exasperate1659

to fire up1779

to flash up1822

to get one's dander up1831

to fly (occasionally jump, etc.) off (at) the handle1832

to have (also get) one's monkey up1833

to cut up rough, rusty, savage1837

rile1837

to go off the handle1839

to flare up1840

to set one's back up1845

to run hot1855

to wax up1859

to get one's rag out1862

blow1871

to get (also have) the pricker1871

to turn up rough1872

to get the needle1874

to blaze up1878

to get wet1898

spunk1898

to see red1901

to go crook1911

to get ignorant1913

to hit the ceiling1914

to hit the roof1921

to blow one's top1928

to lose one's rag1928

to lose one's haira1930

to go up in smoke1933

hackle1935

to have, get a cob on1937

to pop (also blow) one's cork1938

to go hostile1941

to go sparec1942

to do one's bun1944

to lose one's wool1944

to blow one's stack1947

to go (also do) one's (also a) dingerc1950

rear1953

to get on ignorant1956

to go through the roof1958

to keep (also blow, lose) one's cool1964

to lose ita1969

to blow a gasket1975

to throw a wobbler1985

c900 in J. Stevenson Rituale Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis (1840) 197 Wræððe..diwl [L. fremuit diabulus].

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. v. 22 Eghuelc seðe uraeðes broðere his.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 33 Tobreoke anes eorðliches monnes heste, he wile wreðe wið þe.

a1225 Juliana (Bodl.) 13 Affrican wreaðede & swor swiðe deopliche.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1584 Be ðu ðer..til esau Eðe-moðed, ðe wreðed nu.

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter ii. 12 Gripes disciplyne, leswhen lord wreth: and ȝe perisch fra rightwis way.

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. V. 207 Þat he schulde whanne he gan to wreþe seie ofte and by ordre foure and twenty lettres of Grewe.

a1400–50 Wars Alex. 2593 Þen þe berne writhis, Fandis him first on be-fore, & all foloȝes eftir.

14.. Titus & Vesp. (Roxb.) 1404 (Add. MS. 10036) Thei wreþed with him for his sawe.

c1475 Partenay 4853 It was for his syne That his fader had wrethed heuyly so.

3. transitive. To be angry with (a person); = wrath v. 4.

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > be angry at or with

wratha1300

wrathc1374

wrethec1420

to take grievouslya1533

spite1581

c1420 Chaucer's Troilus iii. 174 (Harl. 2280) Ny nyl [I] forbere if þat ȝe don amys To wreth ȝow.

c1500 Poems Gray MS. (S.T.S.) 46 Quhy wrethis þou me? I greif þe nocht.

Derivatives

† ˈwrethed adj. Obsolete

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [adjective]

irrec825

gramec893

wemodc897

wrothc950

bolghenc1000

gramelyc1000

hotOE

on fireOE

brathc1175

moodyc1175

to-bollenc1175

wrethfulc1175

wraw?c1225

agrameda1300

wrathfula1300

agremedc1300

hastivec1300

irousa1340

wretheda1340

aniredc1350

felonc1374

angryc1380

upreareda1382

jealous1382

crousea1400

grieveda1400

irefula1400

mada1400

teena1400

wraweda1400

wretthy14..

angryc1405

errevousa1420

wrothy1422

angereda1425

passionatec1425

fumous1430

tangylc1440

heavy1452

fire angry1490

wrothsomea1529

angerful?1533

wrothful?1534

wrath1535

provoked1538

warm1547

vibrant1575

chauffe1582

fuming1582

enfeloned1596

incensed1597

choleric1598

inflameda1600

raiseda1600

exasperate1601

angried1609

exasperated1611

dispassionate1635

bristlinga1639

peltish1648

sultry1671

on (also upon) the high ropes (also rope)1672

nangry1681

ugly1687

sorea1694

glimflashy1699

enraged1732

spunky1809

cholerous1822

kwaai1827

wrathy1828

angersome1834

outraged1836

irate1838

vex1843

raring1845

waxy1853

stiff1856

scotty1867

bristly1872

hot under the collar1879

black angry1894

spitfire1894

passionful1901

ignorant1913

hairy1914

snaky1919

steamed1923

uptight1934

broigus1937

lemony1941

ripped1941

pissed1943

crooked1945

teed off1955

ticked off1959

ripe1966

torqued1967

bummed1970

a1340 R. Rolle Psalter vi. 1 He sall be seen til ill men as wrethid and as wode.

1567 R. Sempill Test. & Trag. King Henrie (single sheet) The crewell work of wretheit womanheid.

† ˈwrething n. Obsolete

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [noun] > state or condition of anger

moodinessOE

wrethinga1300

wrathfulnessa1382

irefulness1388

wrothiness1422

reveriec1425

angrinessc1450

wrethfulnessc1475

wrothfulness1535

incensement1599

incandescence1656

angerness1835

iracundity1840

uptightness1969

the mind > emotion > anger > [noun] > causing anger

wrethinga1300

wrathingc1370

tarring1382

angeringa1393

provoking?a1425

provocationc1485

bear-baiting1587

passionating1598

exasperationa1631

exangeration1631

a1300 Cursor Mundi 29511 Quen man..wit wrething wode, Gis his sentence on ani man.

a1400–50 Wars Alex. 5036 Lefe of þi wordis, For writhing of þir wale treeis, & willne þaim na mare.

1423 Kingis Quair cxlvi By quhois effectis grete Ȝe movit are to wrething.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

† wrethev.²

Forms: In Old English wreþian, wreðian ( wræð-), Middle English wreoðien.

Etymology: Old English wreðian (also a-, ge-, under-wreðian), < wraðu support, etc., = Old Saxon wređian, giwređian.

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To prop or hold up; to support or sustain. Also in figurative context. (Only Old English)

c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxi Heora ælc [sc. creature] winð wið oðer, & þeah wræðeð oðer, þæt hie ne moton toslupan.

c890 Wærferth tr. Gregory's Dial. 175 Wreþiende [L. sustenans] þa tydran limu betwyh his gingrena handum.

OE Andreas (1932) 523 Se ðe rodor ahof ond gefæstnode folmum sinum, worhte ond wreðede.

2. reflexive. To support (oneself) by leaning upon another; = lean v.¹ 2b. Also figurative.

ΘΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action of leaning on or against something > lean [verb (reflexive)]

leanc1220

wrethea1225

lengc1450

to lean upon1813

drape1943

a1225 Leg. Kath. 857 Alle þeos writeres writes Þet ȝe wreoðieð ow on.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 185 Ȝef ha wergeð euchan wreoðeð him bi oðer.

3. intransitive. To rely on, depend upon, a person.

ΘΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > trust [verb (intransitive)] > rely on

wrethea1225

treousec1275

resta1382

to stand upon ——a1393

hang1393

lengc1440

arrest1523

reckon1547

ground1551

stay1560

depend1563

repose1567

rely1574

count1642

to make stay upon1682

allot1816

tie1867

a1225 Leg. Kath. 1327 We ne cunnen..warpen na word aȝein to weorrin ne to wreððen him þet ha wreoðeð on.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 114 Þet ha aȝen to beon of þe hali lif þet al..cristene folc luue & wreoðie upon ham.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

n.c900

v.¹c900

v.²c888

单词	wrethe
释义	† wrethen. Forms: α. Old English wræðo, -u, wræþu, Middle English wræþe, Middle English wreðe, Middle English wreth, Middle English–1500s wrethe, 1500s Scottish wreath. β. northernMiddle English wrythe, Middle English writh(e, Scottish wryth. Etymology: Old English wrǽðo (also wráðo ), wrǽþu ( < wráþ wroth adj.), = Middle Low German wrêde . Old Norse wreiði (Norwegian vreide* ; Middle Swedish wredhe , vredhe , Swedish and Danish vrede ), reiði (Icelandic reiði , Norwegian reide ). A different Old English formation is represented by wrath n. Obsolete. 1. Violent anger; = wrath n. 1. Also in the phrase be (= by), but, for, of, in, on, through, with wrethe. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > furious anger > [noun] foamc900 wrethec950 woodnessc1000 eyec1175 wrathc1175 grim13.. ragingc1300 ragec1325 furyc1374 fiercetya1382 fiercenessc1384 wrotha1400 grindellaikc1400 rasedheadc1450 furor1477 windc1485 furiousnessc1500 enrage1502 furiosity1509 passion1524 ourningc1540 enragement1596 enragedness1611 transportation1617 emportment1663 madness1663 foaming1709 infuriation1848 c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark iii. 21 And miððy geherdon his eodon to haldanne hine, cuoedon forðon þætte on wræðo [L. in furorem] gecerred wæs. c1100 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (MS. F.) ann. 1051 Forþan hi wæran intinga þare wræðe ðe was betwyx him & ðan cinge. c1250 Kent. Serm. in Old Eng. Misc. 33 Yef se deuel us wille a-cumbri þurch senne..oþer þurh wreþe. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 482 Lamech wið wreðe is knape nam. c1330 Amis & Amil. 830 Lete thi wrethe first ouergon, Y pray the. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 10049 Moght in hir noþer be wreth ne het, Hir tholmodenes it was sa gret. a1400 Sir Degrev. (Thornton) 299 (Halliwell) Thus thay fighte in the frythe, With waa wreke thay thaire wrythe. 1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 135 Hatredyn engendryth wronge and wrethe. c1440 Eng. Conq. Ireland 75 But in nothynge thay myght acorde, & begon to de-pert, as in wrethe. c1480 (a1400) St. Agatha 121 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 361 In wryth quyncyane [bad] gef hire buffetis. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 290/2 Wrethe, angre, courroux, maltalent. 1587 W. Fowler Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 53 Sometymes through wreath, I forced was..To teare them all in peaces small. Personif.c1420 J. Lydgate Assembly of Gods 624 Wrethe bestrode a wylde bore, and next hem gan ryde.in extended use.c1475 Partenay 231 An huge bore of meruelous wreth. 2. A fit or display of wrath; = wrath n. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > [noun] > fit(s) or outburst(s) of anger wratha1200 wrethea1400 hatelc1400 angerc1425 braida1450 fumea1529 passion1530 fustian fume1553 ruff1567 pelt1573 spleen1590 blaze1597 huff1599 blustera1616 dog-flawa1625 overboiling1767 explosion1769 squall1807 blowout1825 flare-up1837 fit1841 bust-up1842 wax1854 Scot1859 pelter1861 ructions1862 performance1864 outfling1865 rise1877 detonation1878 flare-out1879 bait1882 paddy1894 paddywhack1899 wingding1927 wing-dinger1933 eppie1987 a1400–50 Wars Alex. (Dublin) 865 Sir, lat þi wrethes all wende. R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Mending of Life 117 Wrethis, hatredis, detraccions mekely suffyr. 3. Of the Deity: = wrath n. 4a. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > furious anger > [noun] > fury of the Deity wrethec900 the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > nature or attributes of God > [noun] > righteous indignation > manifestation of wrathc900 wrethec900 c900 in J. Stevenson Rituale Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis (1840) 11 In alle soðfæst[nis] ðin se ymbvoended [L. avertatur]..wræðo ðin. a1023 Wulfstan Homilies 174 Hæfþ eal folc..micele wræþe æt gode þurh his ænne gilt. a1300 Cursor Mundi 27362 O þat soruful dai o pain,..Þe dai o wreth, o quak and soru. c1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 1552 Þarewyth þai wreth God þat sese all; And his wreth at þe last sall with þam mete. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. I. 191 Þat tyme þat Egipt was i-smyte wiþ God all myȝties wrethe. c1420 Prose Life Alex. 76 Þe wrethe & þe wreke of oure goddez..fallez apon vs. 4. Injury, hurt, harm. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] clakec1000 wemming1100 hurt?c1225 un-i-soundc1275 breach1398 wrethec1400 discomfiture1599 tort1632 personal injury1653 punishment1811 insult1903 sports injury1932 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > harm, injury, or wrong > [noun] loathc900 harmOE teenOE griefc1330 injurec1374 injuryc1384 truitc1390 spitea1400 wrethec1400 supprise1442 trouble1463 damage1470 objectionc1475 interess1489 tort1532 mishanter1754 c1400 Melayne 96 Wende thy waye..To Charles..& he sall wreke thy wrethis alle. c1440 Bone Florence 1613 Hys mowthe, hys nose, braste owt on blood, Forthe at the chaumbur dore he yode, For drede of more wrethe. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online June 2021). † wrethev.¹ Forms: α. Old English Northumbrian wræðan ( wuræðan), Middle English wreðen (Middle English werðen), Middle English wrethyn; Middle English wreþi, Middle English wreþe, wreth(e, Middle English Scottish wreyth. β. Middle English northern writhe. Etymology: Old English wrǽðan , causative verb < wráþ wroth adj. Compare wroth v. Obsolete. 1. a. transitive. Of persons (or things): To make angry; to vex, anger, irritate. = wrath v. 2.In frequent use from c1300 to c1400. ΘΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > make angry wrethec900 abelgheeOE abaeileOE teenOE i-wrathec1075 wratha1200 awratha1250 gramec1275 forthcalla1300 excitea1340 grieve1362 movea1382 achafea1400 craba1400 angerc1400 mada1425 provokec1425 forwrecchec1450 wrothc1450 arage1470 incensea1513 puff1526 angry1530 despite1530 exasperate1534 exasper1545 stunt1583 pepper1599 enfever1647 nanger1675 to put or set up the back1728 roil1742 outrage1818 to put a person's monkey up1833 to get one's back up1840 to bring one's nap up1843 rouse1843 to get a person's shirt out1844 heat1855 to steam up1860 to get one's rag out1862 steam1922 to burn up1923 to flip out1964 c900 in J. Stevenson Rituale Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis (1840) 107 Se cyng..mið ðy giherde wræðde & sende hergvm sinvm. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xviii. 34 And wuraeðde [L. iratus] hlaferd his gesalde hine ðæm pinerum. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 39 Bute we inwarliche imilcien and forȝeuen þan monne þe us wreðeð and sceandet. c1230 Hali Meid. (1922) 38 For moni þing schal ham wreaðen & gremien. a1240 Ureisun in Old Eng. Hom. 197 Þet ich ðe wreðede sume siðe hit me reoweð sore. a1400 Seuyn Sages (W.) 3461 Sir, ye er wrethed wrang; That sal ye wit wele or I gang. 1422 J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 199 God..no man refusyth, haue he neuer so myche hym wrethyd. c1475 Partenay 2856 More neuer ne was woer..Then off that he hade wrethed so Raymounde. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 45 Gif he tuk till his helping, Ane or othir suld wrethit be. b. reflexive. To wax angry; = wrath v. 3. ΘΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (reflexive)] i-wrathec1075 wratha1225 wrethec1275 movec1300 grieve1377 wrothc1425 anger?c1450 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4596 Þe kæisere hine wrædden [c1300 Otho iwarþ wroþ] þe Wurs him wes on heorte. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter vii. 12 God is rightwis iuge;..he wrethis him noght ilk day. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18221 Wit þis can iesus him to wreth. c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 995 For na thing that thou mai sayn, Wil i me wreth. c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) iii. xxxii. 153 Nature wolde wretthe hire if man [etc.]. c. impersonal = anger v. 2b(b). Π a1400–50 Wars Alex. 4639 Or ellis ȝow writhis with ȝour wele, for ȝe na welth haue! 2. intransitive. To become or be angry; = wrath v. 1. ΘΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (intransitive)] wrethec900 anbelgheOE wratha1225 wrakea1300 grievec1350 angera1400 sweata1400 smoke1548 to put or set up the back1728 to have (also get) one's monkey up1833 to get (also have) the pricker1871 to have, get a cob on1937 grrra1963 the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (intransitive)] > become angry wrethec900 wrothc975 abelghec1300 to move one's blood (also mood)c1330 to peck moodc1330 gremec1460 to take firea1513 fumec1522 sourdc1540 spitec1560 to set up the heckle1601 fire1604 exasperate1659 to fire up1779 to flash up1822 to get one's dander up1831 to fly (occasionally jump, etc.) off (at) the handle1832 to have (also get) one's monkey up1833 to cut up rough, rusty, savage1837 rile1837 to go off the handle1839 to flare up1840 to set one's back up1845 to run hot1855 to wax up1859 to get one's rag out1862 blow1871 to get (also have) the pricker1871 to turn up rough1872 to get the needle1874 to blaze up1878 to get wet1898 spunk1898 to see red1901 to go crook1911 to get ignorant1913 to hit the ceiling1914 to hit the roof1921 to blow one's top1928 to lose one's rag1928 to lose one's haira1930 to go up in smoke1933 hackle1935 to have, get a cob on1937 to pop (also blow) one's cork1938 to go hostile1941 to go sparec1942 to do one's bun1944 to lose one's wool1944 to blow one's stack1947 to go (also do) one's (also a) dingerc1950 rear1953 to get on ignorant1956 to go through the roof1958 to keep (also blow, lose) one's cool1964 to lose ita1969 to blow a gasket1975 to throw a wobbler1985 c900 in J. Stevenson Rituale Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis (1840) 197 Wræððe..diwl [L. fremuit diabulus]. c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. v. 22 Eghuelc seðe uraeðes broðere his. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 33 Tobreoke anes eorðliches monnes heste, he wile wreðe wið þe. a1225 Juliana (Bodl.) 13 Affrican wreaðede & swor swiðe deopliche. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1584 Be ðu ðer..til esau Eðe-moðed, ðe wreðed nu. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter ii. 12 Gripes disciplyne, leswhen lord wreth: and ȝe perisch fra rightwis way. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. V. 207 Þat he schulde whanne he gan to wreþe seie ofte and by ordre foure and twenty lettres of Grewe. a1400–50 Wars Alex. 2593 Þen þe berne writhis, Fandis him first on be-fore, & all foloȝes eftir. 14.. Titus & Vesp. (Roxb.) 1404 (Add. MS. 10036) Thei wreþed with him for his sawe. c1475 Partenay 4853 It was for his syne That his fader had wrethed heuyly so. 3. transitive. To be angry with (a person); = wrath v. 4. ΘΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > be angry at or with wratha1300 wrathc1374 wrethec1420 to take grievouslya1533 spite1581 c1420 Chaucer's Troilus iii. 174 (Harl. 2280) Ny nyl [I] forbere if þat ȝe don amys To wreth ȝow. c1500 Poems Gray MS. (S.T.S.) 46 Quhy wrethis þou me? I greif þe nocht. Derivatives † ˈwrethed adj. Obsolete ΘΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [adjective] irrec825 gramec893 wemodc897 wrothc950 bolghenc1000 gramelyc1000 hotOE on fireOE brathc1175 moodyc1175 to-bollenc1175 wrethfulc1175 wraw?c1225 agrameda1300 wrathfula1300 agremedc1300 hastivec1300 irousa1340 wretheda1340 aniredc1350 felonc1374 angryc1380 upreareda1382 jealous1382 crousea1400 grieveda1400 irefula1400 mada1400 teena1400 wraweda1400 wretthy14.. angryc1405 errevousa1420 wrothy1422 angereda1425 passionatec1425 fumous1430 tangylc1440 heavy1452 fire angry1490 wrothsomea1529 angerful?1533 wrothful?1534 wrath1535 provoked1538 warm1547 vibrant1575 chauffe1582 fuming1582 enfeloned1596 incensed1597 choleric1598 inflameda1600 raiseda1600 exasperate1601 angried1609 exasperated1611 dispassionate1635 bristlinga1639 peltish1648 sultry1671 on (also upon) the high ropes (also rope)1672 nangry1681 ugly1687 sorea1694 glimflashy1699 enraged1732 spunky1809 cholerous1822 kwaai1827 wrathy1828 angersome1834 outraged1836 irate1838 vex1843 raring1845 waxy1853 stiff1856 scotty1867 bristly1872 hot under the collar1879 black angry1894 spitfire1894 passionful1901 ignorant1913 hairy1914 snaky1919 steamed1923 uptight1934 broigus1937 lemony1941 ripped1941 pissed1943 crooked1945 teed off1955 ticked off1959 ripe1966 torqued1967 bummed1970 a1340 R. Rolle Psalter vi. 1 He sall be seen til ill men as wrethid and as wode. 1567 R. Sempill Test. & Trag. King Henrie (single sheet) The crewell work of wretheit womanheid. † ˈwrething n. Obsolete ΘΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [noun] > state or condition of anger moodinessOE wrethinga1300 wrathfulnessa1382 irefulness1388 wrothiness1422 reveriec1425 angrinessc1450 wrethfulnessc1475 wrothfulness1535 incensement1599 incandescence1656 angerness1835 iracundity1840 uptightness1969 the mind > emotion > anger > [noun] > causing anger wrethinga1300 wrathingc1370 tarring1382 angeringa1393 provoking?a1425 provocationc1485 bear-baiting1587 passionating1598 exasperationa1631 exangeration1631 a1300 Cursor Mundi 29511 Quen man..wit wrething wode, Gis his sentence on ani man. a1400–50 Wars Alex. 5036 Lefe of þi wordis, For writhing of þir wale treeis, & willne þaim na mare. 1423 Kingis Quair cxlvi By quhois effectis grete Ȝe movit are to wrething. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † wrethev.² Forms: In Old English wreþian, wreðian ( wræð-), Middle English wreoðien. Etymology: Old English wreðian (also a-, ge-, under-wreðian), < wraðu support, etc., = Old Saxon wređian, giwređian. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To prop or hold up; to support or sustain. Also in figurative context. (Only Old English) Π c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxi Heora ælc [sc. creature] winð wið oðer, & þeah wræðeð oðer, þæt hie ne moton toslupan. c890 Wærferth tr. Gregory's Dial. 175 Wreþiende [L. sustenans] þa tydran limu betwyh his gingrena handum. OE Andreas (1932) 523 Se ðe rodor ahof ond gefæstnode folmum sinum, worhte ond wreðede. 2. reflexive. To support (oneself) by leaning upon another; = lean v.¹ 2b. Also figurative. ΘΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action of leaning on or against something > lean [verb (reflexive)] leanc1220 wrethea1225 lengc1450 to lean upon1813 drape1943 a1225 Leg. Kath. 857 Alle þeos writeres writes Þet ȝe wreoðieð ow on. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 185 Ȝef ha wergeð euchan wreoðeð him bi oðer. 3. intransitive. To rely on, depend upon, a person. ΘΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > trust [verb (intransitive)] > rely on wrethea1225 treousec1275 resta1382 to stand upon ——a1393 hang1393 lengc1440 arrest1523 reckon1547 ground1551 stay1560 depend1563 repose1567 rely1574 count1642 to make stay upon1682 allot1816 tie1867 a1225 Leg. Kath. 1327 We ne cunnen..warpen na word aȝein to weorrin ne to wreððen him þet ha wreoðeð on. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 114 Þet ha aȝen to beon of þe hali lif þet al..cristene folc luue & wreoðie upon ham. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.c900v.¹c900v.²c888
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† wrethen.

† wrethev.1

Derivatives

† wrethev.2

† wrethev.¹

† wrethev.²