wroughtadj.

Brit.

/rɔːt/, U.S.

/rɔt/,

/rɑt/

Forms: Old English geworht, Old English worht, early Middle English ȝewroht, early Middle English iwraht, Middle English wrogt, Middle English wroȝt, Middle English wrogth, Middle English wroht, Middle English wrouht, Middle English–1500s wroght, Middle English– wrought, 1500s wroughte, 1500s wroughten (archaic), 1600s wrofte, 1600s wrote, 1800s wrot; also Scottish pre-1700 wroicht, pre-1700 1900s– wrocht, 1800s vrocht.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English wrought , work v.

Etymology: < wrought, past participle of work v. (see Forms 3α. at that entry).It is unclear whether the Old English and early Middle English forms in ge- , ȝe- , i- reflect the past participle of Old English wyrcan work v. or of gewyrcan i-wurche v. With sense 12 compare earlier worked adj. 3. In Old English also occasionally attested in other senses of work v., e.g. geworht synn perpetrated sin (compare work v. 1b), geworht wine a made friend (compare work v. 24).

I. Created, made.

1. With modifying word or as the second element in compounds: created, made, or formed in the specified way or to the specified standard. God-wrought, hammer-wrought, hand-wrought, machine-wrought, etc.; finely-wrought, ill-wrought, well-wrought, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [adjective] > created or produced

wroughtOE

producta1398

createa1425

generate?a1425

gendered1502

naturate1509

shaped1540

generated1552

ingeneratea1572

concepted1662

the world > space > shape > [adjective] > shaped

wroughtOE

forged1382

formedc1440

feignedc1475

framed1565

informed1581

turned1623

worked1682

configurate1716

moulded1728

configurated1753

the world > existence and causation > creation > [adjective] > created or produced > formed or constructed

wroughtOE

confecta1398

combinedc14..

complosec1420

made1428

counterfeit1463

edificatec1470

construct?a1475

featuredc1500

compact1531

fashioned1535

conflate1541

confectedc1550

framed1565

timbered1570

constitute1589

compacted1598

fact1600

coagulate1610

quilted1617

coagulated1633

conflated1652

composititious1657

made-up1677

compactilea1682

constructed1785

put-together1848

compaginate1877

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxxii. 277 His broðor sunu Irtacus yfele geworht man feng to his rice.

OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) xiv. 58 Ic towurpe þis handworhte [L. manufactum] tempel & æfter þrim dagum ic oðer unhandworht getimbrie.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2606 Teremuth..bad it ben to hire brogt, And sag ðis child wol fair wrogt.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1381 Wyth a wonder wroȝt walle wruxeled ful hiȝe.

1548 T. Cranmer Catechismus vii. f. lxxviii^v The handycraftes men and daylye laborers also are theues, when they do not applye theyr wourke diligently and faythfully, but sell counterfeyted & slyghtly wrought wares for substantial stuffe.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. viii. f. 36^v A golden cheyne vnwoorkmanly wrought.

1673 J. Ray S. & E. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 61 Clever, neat, smooth, cleanly wrought.

a1680 Lady Fanshawe in Lady Halkett & Lady Fanshawe Mem. (1979) 164 A rich curious wrought gold chaine.

1762 New & Gen. Biogr. Dict. X. 207 Prior.., whose exquisitely wrought character of him..is to this day admired as a master-piece.

1809 M. Edgeworth Madame de Fleury ii, in Tales Fashionable Life II. 177 Her curiously wrought ivory toys.

1818 J. Keats Endymion i. 11 After them appear'd,..a fair wrought car.

1875 C. D. E. Fortnum Maiolica 107 Most elegantly wrought earthen vases.

1932 Parnassus 4 8/3 This beautifully wrought ornament is the emblem of the Order of the Annunciade.

1995 Empire Nov. 130/1 Brian De Palma's expertly wrought horror movie Carrie.

2013 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 29 May (T: Style Mag) These exquisitely wrought edibles also make for superbly good eating.

2. That has been made through the application of labour or skill; man-made, constructed. Now rare.In quot. OE¹ with reference to a Roman road.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [adjective] > created or produced > formed or constructed

wroughtOE

confecta1398

combinedc14..

complosec1420

made1428

counterfeit1463

edificatec1470

construct?a1475

featuredc1500

compact1531

fashioned1535

conflate1541

confectedc1550

framed1565

timbered1570

constitute1589

compacted1598

fact1600

coagulate1610

quilted1617

coagulated1633

conflated1652

composititious1657

made-up1677

compactilea1682

constructed1785

put-together1848

compaginate1877

OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 85 Strata uel delapidata, geworht stræt.

OE Ælfric 2nd Let. to Wulfstan (Corpus Cambr.) in B. Fehr Die Hirtenbriefe Ælfrics (1914) 186 Hyg sceoldan understandan, hu se hælend adræfde mid geworhtre [c1175 Bodl. 343 ȝewrohte] swipe ða cypan of þam temple.

1606 H. Peacham Art of Drawing 69 Lay with euery bed of your wrought and drawne glasse one of the said peeces of glasse.

1624 in Archaeologia (1806) 15 161 3 pare of wrote boote hose.

1696 W. Derham Artific. Clock-maker i. 4 The wrought piece which covers the Balance..is the Cock.

1700–1 Act 12 & 13 William c. 4 §1 For want of Assayers..to assay and touch their wrought Plate.

1739 Act 12 Geo. II c. 26 §6 Any wrought Seal or Seals with Cornelian or other Stones set therein.

1850 D. G. Rossetti Blessed Damozel in Germ Feb. 80 Her robe ungirt from clasp to hem, No wrought flowers did adorn.

1851 T. Metcalf Rep. Supreme Court Mass. 13 57 Passing from the travelled path of the main road to the way over their land, at a place without the limits of the wrought or made road.

2007 J. Sawday Engines of Imagination v. 182 The blurring of the boundary between the natural world and the wrought or artificial world.

†3. Created by God. Obsolete.

ΘΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [adjective] > created or produced

wroughtOE

producta1398

createa1425

generate?a1425

gendered1502

naturate1509

shaped1540

generated1552

ingeneratea1572

concepted1662

OE Ælfric Let. to Sigeweard (De Veteri et Novo Test.) (Laud) 17 Hit ys swiðe wolic þæt ða geworhtan gesceafta þam ne beon gehirsume þe hi gesceop & geworhte.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 573 (MED) An godd almihti..heouene wruhte & eorðes & alle iwrahte þinges.

R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Mending of Life 126 God truly is infinit of gretnes,..of all wroght [L. create] kyndes vnconsauyd .

II. Of a material or product: subjected to some process.

a. Of soil, the land, etc.: tilled, cultivated; dug. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [adjective] > dug or excavated

wroughtOE

underdolven1382

holkedc1420

cast1487

mineda1500

pioneda1616

uneartheda1625

delved1673

disentombed1871

dugout1886

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [adjective] > cultivated

wroughtOE

subact?1440

laboured1470

tilled1546

well-cultured1555

well-laboured1571

husbanded1578

toiled1578

well-husbanded1581

cultive1611

improved1617

cultivated1622

well-cultivated1650

manured1746

well-farmed1770

reduced1794

farmed1800

tillaged1854

tilthed1866

tame1887

OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 84 Noualis ager, brocan land uel geworht land.

1652 W. Blith Eng. Improver Improved vi. 29 A Labourer with a Spade upon this wrought Land, will doe abundance in a day.

1756 T. Hale et al. Compl. Body Husbandry vi. iii. 266/2 The Pressure of the wrought Earth against the Roots.

1812 J. Sinclair Acct. Syst. Husb. Scotl. i. 321 The operator [sc. a hoe] proceeds backward, leaving the wrought ground and cut weeds untrod.

1858 Jrnl. Bath & West of Eng. Soc. for Agric. 6 62 The wrought land has been drilled into ridglets 27 inches apart, the seeds sown by hand.

1903 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 222/1 As the shelving banks close in there is a smell of the wrought earth.

b. Coal Mining. Of a mine, seam, etc.: dug or worked to obtain or extract coal. Of coal: hewn from a bed or seam; won. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [adjective] > mined > of coal

wrought1664

1664 J. Beale in R. Boyle Corr. 18 Jan. (2001) II. 241 The old wrought Mines of many fathomes deepe stand full to the brim after greate raynes.

1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 10 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) The Horse Engin..serves..to draw up the Wrought Coals.

1812 R. Bald Gen. View Coal Trade Scotl. iii. 52 The wrought coal is thus divided.

1823 Philos. Mag. 28 Feb. 100 The established and general practice, with almost all their wrought seams, in the great Coal-field which extends thence southward into Nottinghamshire.

1914 R. A. S. Redmayne Mod. Pract. Mining III. vi. 157 A stepped face will usually be advanced to the full rise of the seam, the wrought coal being lowered down..to the level below.

1915 Nature 8 Apr. 159/1 So many of our thicker and more easily wrought seams are to a large extent worked out.

5. gen. Of a material: subjected to some process or operation; prepared by labour, esp. so as to be ready for use, sale, or trade; treated, finished. Of goods: manufactured, processed. Cf. worked adj. 2a. Now somewhat archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > [adjective] > manufactured or produced

wrought1440

prepared1694

artefactual1960

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adjective] > prepared or ready > for use

yare971

wrought1440

expedite1609

expeditious1749

1440 in W. H. Black Hist. & Antiq. Worshipful Company of Leathersellers (1871) 24 (MED) If the seid Wardeins..fynde eny maner lethir that is unsuffisantly or untrewly tawed, wroght or unwroght, than that the same Wardeins mowe have power for to take it.

1541 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 454 Quhat craftisman that braks the samyn [act], the rest of his wrought ledder to be escheitt.

c1580 in Eng. Hist. Rev. July (1914) 518 Pilchars and Red herringe, wrought Lime.

1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum xvii. f. 286/2 (Addition) The seconde fruite vnder the same first rine or rime, is much lyke vnto Bombace or Silke; and is not vnlike to beaten or wrought Flaxe.

1650 Act for Redempt. of Captives 59 Drest or wrought flax, the hundred weight, cont. 112. pound.

1675 R. Coke Eng.'s Improvem. 49 If..wrought Goods imported by Forreigners, and bought with ready Mony, be so profitable to the Duke of Florence and his Subjects; I am sure the free Importation of unwrought Goods into England by Forreigners, might be much more profitable.

1702 tr. P. de la Court True Interest Republick Holland & W.-Friesland i. xxii. 93 Most of our Fish, and wrought Goods, must afterwards be transported to Foreign Parts.

1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. i. x. 53 We do in fact send out gold and silver to several countries in Europe, from whence we receive only wrought commodities, or useless articles.

1790 tr. V. Denon Trav. Sicily & Malta (new ed.) 70 We were carried from hence to the place where they keep dead bodies having dried them with wrought lime.

1803 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population (new ed.) iii. x. 459 The whole value of the wrought commodity.

1807 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 444 Wrought rosin, or shoe~maker's rosin.

1893 J. M. Crawford tr. Industries of Russia I. vi. 98 The large manufactories do not compete to any great extent in this branch of trade, consisting principally of boots and shoes, shamois goods, harness and other kinds of wrought leather.

1919 E. F. Burchard & G. F. Loughlin Min. Resources U.S. 1916 II. 241 The imports of fuller's earth for consumption in 1916 continued to decline... The imports are nearly all..of wrought or manufactured earth.

1986 Representations No. 14. 98 He subscribed to Adam Smith's rather than Malthus's theory of value, including the producers of wrought goods inside the pale of ‘productive labour’.

2003 M. Singh & A. Pradhan in A. D. Mishra Challenges 21st Cent. vi. 65 We must realise that any waste of material resources whether raw or wrought is a desecration of nature.

6. Of a fabric, garment, etc.: decorated or ornamented with needlework; embellished, embroidered. Also: designating embroidered needlework. Also figurative and in figurative contexts. Cf. worked adj. 2b, inwrought adj. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > [adjective] > artistically executed or ornamented

wrought1455

elaborated1596

conceited1598

elaborate1621

wroughted1656

exact1667

high-wrought1684

inextricable1692

worked1696

fancied1709

high-finished1744

1455 in A. Clark Lincoln Diocese Documents (1914) 67 [A] Wrought bordcloth cum j. pari towalles de eadem.

1475 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 155 It[e]m..j. large wrought Bordeclothe.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xliv. 13 Hir clothinge is of wrought golde.

1552–3 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Edward VI (1914) 104 Purple wrought vellet.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. xiii. sig. I5 A light taffeta garment, so cut, as the wrought smocke came through it in many places.

1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor i. ii. sig. C Shadow their glorie as a Millaners wife doth her wrought stomacher, with a smoakie lawne.

1604 T. M. Blacke Bk. in Wks. (1840) V. 543 Under the plain frieze of simplicity thou mayest finely couch the wrought velvet of knavery.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 310 A third sort of Melons..are wrought or embroider'd, having amidst the embroidery red, yellow, and green spots.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 91. ⁋5 My Mistress presented me with a Wrought Nightcap.

1711 Hermit 25 Aug. 2/1 The old Tapestry Hangings and Wrought Bed [must be] pulled down.

1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel ii. xix. 48 A wrought Spanish baldric.

a1822 P. B. Shelley Witch of Atlas xxvi, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 37 The wizard lady sat..broidering the pictured poesy..and ever she Added some grace to the wrought poesy.

1851 Illustr. London News 19 July 86/1 Wrought muslin wristlets about two inches in width.

1982 Amer. Literary Realism 15 131 His fiction and criticism work through accretion of detail within a wrought tapestry of context.

1999 J. Arnold in A. De La Haye & E. Wilson Defining Dress ii. 11 Queen Elizabeth also had a riding cloak of wrought velvet lined with fur in 1563.

7. Of a textile fabric or fibre, esp. silk: spun. Opposed to raw adj. 2c, unwrought adj.¹ 2a.Now chiefly in historical contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > thread or yarn > [adjective] > silk

thrown1455

wrought1463

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > treated or processed textiles > [adjective]

yteseda1425

carded1547

currieda1556

scoured1667

wrought1694

combed1833

slubbed1844

willowed1880

stringy1902

deseeded1958

1463–5 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1463 §21. m. 7 Wrought silke, throwen rybans and laces, falsely and disseyvably wrought.

1504 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1504 §31. m. 23 All other maner of sylkes, aswell wrought as rawe or unwrought.

1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 336 The riches of the Kingdome are especially silkes, wrought and unwrought.

1694 E. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia (ed. 18) i. 37 Merionethshire..abounds with Sheep, Fish, Fowl, and wrought Cottons.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Silk The Silks brought from Italy are partly Wrought, and partly Raw, and Un-wrought.

1841 J. Haydn Dict. Dates 472 Wrought silk was brought from Persia to Greece 325 b.c.

1887 Rep. Supreme Court S. Carolina 24 350 When the lessees leased the factory, they found the machinery full of wrought cotton, and when they turned it over to the purchasers, they left it in the same condition.

1972 A. Plummer London Weavers' Company 1600–1970 xiv. 292 Indian wrought silks and painted and dyed calicoes became extremely fashionable.

2010 J. Sutton East India Company's Maritime Service, 1746–1834 7 Chintzes and wrought silks from China and India.

†8. Of an ingredient, concoction, etc.: skilfully mixed or prepared. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [adjective] > created or produced > contrived, artificial, or put together

positivec1385

artificial?c1425

craftlya1492

wroughta1500

preparated1569

made1580

elaborate1583

elaborate1592

elaborated1596

handmade1603

arted1606

factitiousa1624

made-up1677

fictitious1686

man-madea1718

got-up1793

gotten-up1796

canned1878

artefact1909

prefabricated1935

a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 85 Thre Rotes of wroght hony [L. artificialis].

a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 83 He sholde..caste vp-on his heued wroght waters attempred.

9. Of stone, jewels, wood, etc.: shaped, fashioned; cut, hewn, carved; (also) smoothed, polished. Now somewhat rare.With quot. 2007 compare wrot n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > [adjective] > shaped > from the rough material

wrought1527

1527 in J. S. Brewer Lett. & Papers Reign Henry VIII (1872) IV. ii. 1457 A white enamelled gold ring, with a great table ruby, wrought, antique.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 274 There remayneth at this daye a Cathedrall churche in token of the ancient felicitie, beinge suche that in byggenesse & workemanship of wrought stone, the lyke is not in all Christendome.

1560 Bible (Geneva) Bishops' Num. xxxi. 51 Moses & Eleazar..toke the golde of them, and all wroght iewels.

1611 Bible (King James) 1 Chron. xxii. 2 Hee set masons to hew wrought stones.

1652 E. Benlowes Theophila iii. xxvi. 40 Her Lips Rock-rubies, and her Veins wrought Saphyrs show.

1736 F. Drake Eboracum ii. ii. 484 The church thought fit to erect two statues; one represented with a piece of rough unhewn stone in his hands, the other with a similitude of a piece of wrought timber.

1769 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 7) I. 169 This Work..is crowned with a Facia and Torus of wrought Stone.

1818 J. Keats Endymion ii. 82 The water,..mimick'd the wrought oaken beams.

1854 W. Usher in J. C. Nott & G. R. Gliddon Types of Mankind i. xi. 357 Large quantities of wrought bones, human and animal.

1921 Atlantic Monthly Mar. 305/2 It stood completed..veiled with screens of wrought marble so fine that they might lift in the breeze.

2007 P. Swift et al. Constr. Plumbing iii. 125 We say that PAR timber is wrought or wrot, and that rough timber is un-wrought.

10.

a. Of a metal: shaped or modified by hammering or other mechanical treatment; (esp. of a precious metal) shaped or processed for use or trade (contrasted with unwrought). Also: (of a metal or alloy) formed or processed by manual or mechanical working, esp. at high temperature, as forging, rolling, or drawing (contrasted with cast); see also wrought iron n.Wrought metal tends to have a higher tensile strength and greater ductility than a cast form of the same metal.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [adjective] > shaped with hammer

wrought1555

staved1906

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. iii. f. 63^v Here they founde certeyne powndes weyght of gold, grauen & wrought into sundrye ouches. [Note] Wrought gold.

1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 403/1 Argentum factum,..wrought siluer, as plate, coyne, &c.

1664 in G. Miege Relation of Three Embassies (1669) 306 Two wrought Silver Dishes, and another Dish of Silver parcel gilt also.

1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Ss2/3 Wrought Silver,..wrought Brass.

1696–7 Act 8 & 9 William III c. 34 §1 in Statutes of Realm (1963) VII. 288 Evrey Hundred weight of Tin wrought commonly called Pewter.

1717 G. Berkeley Jrnls. Trav. Italy 30 May in Wks. (1955) VII. 289 Gold and silver wrought and unwrought, found along the side of the little sea.

1733 tr. Ceremonies & Relig. Customs Var. Nations I. 35 Ornaments of wrought Silver, which have Pomegranates and small Bells fastened to them.

1799 B. Edwards Hist. Brit. Colonies W. Indies iv. ii. 145 From Britain there is continual exportation to Africa of..powder, shot, wrought brass and copper, and several other commodities.

1817 Scots Mag. Aug. 23/2 It is your opinion that in steam-boats boilers of wrought metal should be used in preference to cast?—No doubt about it.

1830 Arcana Sci. & Art 43 A wrought-copper bar.

1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present ii. iii. 75 St. Edmund's Shrine glitters..with a plating of wrought gold.

1908 S. F. Walker Steam Boilers, Engines & Turbines v. 317 The moving wheels or runners consist of wrought-steel discs.

1965 G. J. Jones Fund. Workshop Technol. ii. 37 It is usual to classify aluminium alloys as ‘wrought’ or ‘cast’.

1970 Mosaic 3 10 A Renaissance globe..worked in wrought bronze burnished in murky gold.

2004 Maroondah (Austral.) Leader (Nexis) 27 Apr. 16 We hand-forge a piece of wrought gold in our workshop.

b. Of metalwork, or an item made of this: shaped or embellished by manual handiwork or mechanical working; (in later use) spec. made of wrought metal (see sense 10a; contrasted with cast).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [adjective] > beaten, forged, or wrought

smithedOE

wrought1565

forged1621

well-metalled1644

planished1683

well-forged1689

smithied1847

1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Vestis A wrought tach [i.e. clasp] did fasten, &c.

1613 in C. Welch Hist. Pewterers' Co. (1902) II. 61 The greate beak^r..Middle beake^r..Smale beake^r..The great beere bowle... The large wrought Cupps.

1661 T. Blount Glossographia (ed. 2) Salver..is a new fashioned peece of wrought plate, broad and flat.

1789 M. Madan New & Lit. Transl. Juvenal & Persius 114 This wrought-work here mentioned, is thought, from what follows, to have been the large wrought, i.e. chased or imbossed, gold cup, that Philip, king of Macedon, used to drink out of.

1807 Salmagundi 27 June 237 His learned distinctions between wrought scissors, and those of cast-steel.

1849 J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. ii. 51 Ornaments..of cast-iron..are always distinguishable, at a glance, from wrought and hammered work.

1883 W. D. Curzon Manuf. Industries Worcs. 2 The wrought work of ploughs and..blacksmiths' work of all kinds.

1909 Mod. Sanitation Aug. 346 Any system of piping..which is made up of wrought pipe with screw threads.

1939 R. Denney Connecticut River 48 Whatever the good adze made or the wrought nail fastened..Is under the winter now.

2011 W. Wang Reverse Engin. iii. 66 An Osprey spray-formed Ni-base superalloy product..shows a similar microstructure and comparable properties to a wrought piece with the same alloy composition, and has better properties than a cast product.

III. Other senses.

11.

†a. Of the sea: in turbulent motion; rough, stormy, choppy. Also in figurative contexts. Obsolete.

ΘΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > [adjective] > agitated

unquieta1398

vexed?1440

stirred1483

wrought1511

totteringa1535

turmoilous1553

turbulent1573

disturbed1593

trepidat1605

agitated1614

distracted1632

commoving1647

tumultuous1667

jumbling1687

unpacifica1750

uneasy1816

commoved1847

turmoily1877

1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. lij^v Howbeit the wroughte Sees tossyd and rolled vs ryght greuously.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. iii. 33 The wind still continuyng.., and the seas sore wrought.

1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 368 The billowes of a wrought sea.

1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia iii. 111 Of any ship to find the trimme, In wrought seas how she best might swimme.

1729 S. Madden Themistocles i. i. 7 My wrought Blood, that like some River well'd, With a full Sea of Rage run salt and brackish.

1862 Christian Examiner May 333 A ship that should ride the wrought seas with as little inconvenience to the passenger as other ships ride an inland stream.

b. Displaying, affected by, or characterized by heightened emotion, esp. excitement or anxiety; agitated, worked up; = wrought-up adj. (b) at Compounds. Cf. overwrought adj. 1.In some instances perhaps influenced by association with fraught.

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > [adjective] > nervously excited or agitated

high-wrought1579

feverous1587

tremulous1611

feverish1637

overwound1640

gestient1644

overwrought1648

twittering1648

fevereda1657

tumultuous1667

wrought-up1688

flustered1743

trepidatinga1774

flurried1775

wrought1778

riled1825

tête montée1825

worked up1831

tumultuating1854

trepidant1891

tremorous1897

wroughted1905

goosy1906

hotted-up1923

steamed1923

spooky1926

antsy-pantsy1944

antsy1950

agitato1964

amped1967

wired1970

1778 H. Brooke Antony & Cleopatra ii. iv, in Coll. Pieces II. 400 Withdraw a while—leave me—I pray you leave me, Until I have admonish'd my wrought spirit, To more of constancy!

1816 C. R. Maturin Bertram (ed. 2) ii. iii. 29 His child Knelt madly to the hungry walls for succour E'er her wrought brain could bear the horrid thought.

1876 F. Johnson Village of Merrow xiv. 52 Giles crushed upon his nether lip What his wrought heart would say.

1906 Poet Lore 7 62 Everything was turning him to romanticism; his naturally subjective, sentimental temperament; his mystic tendencies, heritage of all descendants of Puritans; his wrought and receptive condition; his utter loneliness.

1923 Everygirl's Mag. Jan. 150/2 We..got fidgetier every minute. We were too fussy to even make candy, which proves how very wrought we were.

1992 Harper's Mag. Jan. 64/3 So wrought were editors with anxieties about tokenism and marketing.

2004 Times (Nexis) 15 Nov. (Sport section) 19 It is doubtful whether there was a more wrought atmosphere at any of the first-round ties than at Hayes Lane.

†12. Of an animal: used for agricultural work; = worked adj. 3. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > domestic animal > [adjective] > labouring

labouring1377

working1577

worked1707

wrought1725

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Ox Wrought Oxen in the Seasons they are put to labour, ought to be fed with Care.

Compounds

With adverbs, forming adjectives corresponding to phrasal verbs at work v.

wrought-off adj. Printing printed off, esp. in a final form ready for publication or distribution; cf. worked-off adj. at worked adj. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > [adjective] > printed

printc1475

printed1481

imprinted1561

wrought-off1683

worked-off1770

typographical1803

machine-printed1852

type-set1867

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 236 He uses one of the Wrought-off Forms.

1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 409 Then we impose from wrought-off Forms.

1838 C. H. Timperley Printers' Man. 114 Wrought-off heaps [of paper].

1982 Stud. in Bibliogr. 35 207 Types from wrought-off Folio pages of quires D-F were often distributed.

2007 G. Taylor et al. Thomas Middleton & Early Mod. Textual Culture 200/2 A long knee-height bench upon which the heap and wrought-off sheets were placed.

wrought-up adj. †(a) made into a finished product; processed, manufactured (obsolete); (b) agitated, excited; anxious, upset; cf. worked up adj. at worked adj. Compounds.

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > [adjective] > nervously excited or agitated

high-wrought1579

feverous1587

tremulous1611

feverish1637

overwound1640

gestient1644

overwrought1648

twittering1648

fevereda1657

tumultuous1667

wrought-up1688

flustered1743

trepidatinga1774

flurried1775

wrought1778

riled1825

tête montée1825

worked up1831

tumultuating1854

trepidant1891

tremorous1897

wroughted1905

goosy1906

hotted-up1923

steamed1923

spooky1926

antsy-pantsy1944

antsy1950

agitato1964

amped1967

wired1970

1688 Model erecting Bank of Credit 18 He may pay one third thereof by his wrought up Goods unsold.

1799 W. Tooke View Russ. Empire III. x. iii. 191 The Wrought-up materials, as soap, &c. are not mentioned.

1808 T. Chalmers Enq. into Extent & Stability National Resources iv. 187 There is always on hand, too, a quantity of the wrought up commodity, for which the demand may have ceased.

1810 G. Crabbe Borough xv. 205 He knew..How to make all the Passions his Allies, And..To watch the wrought-up Heart, and conquer by surprise.

1895 Argosy Nov. 118/2 He was so flurried and wrought up that he did not believe he would be able to sleep.

1962 W. H. Auden Dyer's Hand (1963) 508 We are shown Antony talking to his friends in a wrought-up state of self-dramatization and self-pity.

2001 S. King Dreamcatcher vi. 188 Henry guesses that Pete is nearly as wrought-up, but Pete is holding it in better.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	wrought
释义	† wroughtn. Forms: In Middle English wrohte, Middle English w(h)rouhte. Etymology: Early Middle English variant of wruhte (Old English wryhta), wright n.¹ Obsolete. rare. = wright n.¹ 1a, 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > [noun] > creator wrightc888 lightOE sheppendOE sheppera1175 wroughtc1275 creatorc1300 shaper1303 maker1340 workera1382 authora1413 workman1440 workmaster1531 artificer?1555 re-creator1587 architector1639 architect1659 enlivener1663 God almighty1787 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > [noun] > manual worker > skilled worker or craftsman wright?a695 craftyeOE craftimanOE craftmanc1275 wroughtc1275 master-mana1325 mister mana1325 craftsmana1382 man of craft1389 artificera1393 handcraftman?c1480 handcraftsman1485 mechanic1509 handcrafta1525 handicraftsman1530 artisana1538 handicraftmana1544 handicraft1547 artsman1551 artist1563 mechanician1570 tradesmana1591 mechanical1600 mechanist1606 Daedal?1614 blue apron1629 Daedalus1631 crafter1643 fitter1648 mystery-man1671 toolsman1821 fundi1860 tradie1912 craftspersona1917 c1275 Laȝamon Brut 16969 Wrohtes, þat mid axe couþen weorche. c1275 Laȝamon Brut 21134 Wigar þe wittye wrohte. a1333 W. Herebert in Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 22 Holy wrouhte of sterres bryht. a1333 W. Herebert in Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 27 Louerd god almyhti, Whrouhte of alle þinge. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2020). wroughtadj. Brit. /rɔːt/, U.S. /rɔt/, /rɑt/ Forms: Old English geworht, Old English worht, early Middle English ȝewroht, early Middle English iwraht, Middle English wrogt, Middle English wroȝt, Middle English wrogth, Middle English wroht, Middle English wrouht, Middle English–1500s wroght, Middle English– wrought, 1500s wroughte, 1500s wroughten (archaic), 1600s wrofte, 1600s wrote, 1800s wrot; also Scottish pre-1700 wroicht, pre-1700 1900s– wrocht, 1800s vrocht. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English wrought , work v. Etymology: < wrought, past participle of work v. (see Forms 3α. at that entry).It is unclear whether the Old English and early Middle English forms in ge- , ȝe- , i- reflect the past participle of Old English wyrcan work v. or of gewyrcan i-wurche v. With sense 12 compare earlier worked adj. 3. In Old English also occasionally attested in other senses of work v., e.g. geworht synn perpetrated sin (compare work v. 1b), geworht wine a made friend (compare work v. 24). I. Created, made. 1. With modifying word or as the second element in compounds: created, made, or formed in the specified way or to the specified standard. God-wrought, hammer-wrought, hand-wrought, machine-wrought, etc.; finely-wrought, ill-wrought, well-wrought, etc.: see the first element. ΘΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [adjective] > created or produced wroughtOE wroughtOE producta1398 createa1425 generate?a1425 gendered1502 naturate1509 shaped1540 generated1552 ingeneratea1572 concepted1662 the world > space > shape > [adjective] > shaped wroughtOE forged1382 formedc1440 feignedc1475 framed1565 informed1581 turned1623 worked1682 configurate1716 moulded1728 configurated1753 the world > existence and causation > creation > [adjective] > created or produced > formed or constructed wroughtOE wroughtOE confecta1398 combinedc14.. complosec1420 made1428 counterfeit1463 edificatec1470 construct?a1475 featuredc1500 compact1531 fashioned1535 conflate1541 confectedc1550 framed1565 timbered1570 constitute1589 compacted1598 fact1600 coagulate1610 quilted1617 coagulated1633 conflated1652 composititious1657 made-up1677 compactilea1682 constructed1785 put-together1848 compaginate1877 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xxxii. 277 His broðor sunu Irtacus yfele geworht man feng to his rice. OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) xiv. 58 Ic towurpe þis handworhte [L. manufactum] tempel & æfter þrim dagum ic oðer unhandworht getimbrie. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2606 Teremuth..bad it ben to hire brogt, And sag ðis child wol fair wrogt. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 1381 Wyth a wonder wroȝt walle wruxeled ful hiȝe. 1548 T. Cranmer Catechismus vii. f. lxxviii^v The handycraftes men and daylye laborers also are theues, when they do not applye theyr wourke diligently and faythfully, but sell counterfeyted & slyghtly wrought wares for substantial stuffe. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. viii. f. 36^v A golden cheyne vnwoorkmanly wrought. 1673 J. Ray S. & E. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 61 Clever, neat, smooth, cleanly wrought. a1680 Lady Fanshawe in Lady Halkett & Lady Fanshawe Mem. (1979) 164 A rich curious wrought gold chaine. 1762 New & Gen. Biogr. Dict. X. 207 Prior.., whose exquisitely wrought character of him..is to this day admired as a master-piece. 1809 M. Edgeworth Madame de Fleury ii, in Tales Fashionable Life II. 177 Her curiously wrought ivory toys. 1818 J. Keats Endymion i. 11 After them appear'd,..a fair wrought car. 1875 C. D. E. Fortnum Maiolica 107 Most elegantly wrought earthen vases. 1932 Parnassus 4 8/3 This beautifully wrought ornament is the emblem of the Order of the Annunciade. 1995 Empire Nov. 130/1 Brian De Palma's expertly wrought horror movie Carrie. 2013 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 29 May (T: Style Mag) These exquisitely wrought edibles also make for superbly good eating. 2. That has been made through the application of labour or skill; man-made, constructed. Now rare.In quot. OE¹ with reference to a Roman road. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [adjective] > created or produced > formed or constructed wroughtOE wroughtOE confecta1398 combinedc14.. complosec1420 made1428 counterfeit1463 edificatec1470 construct?a1475 featuredc1500 compact1531 fashioned1535 conflate1541 confectedc1550 framed1565 timbered1570 constitute1589 compacted1598 fact1600 coagulate1610 quilted1617 coagulated1633 conflated1652 composititious1657 made-up1677 compactilea1682 constructed1785 put-together1848 compaginate1877 OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 85 Strata uel delapidata, geworht stræt. OE Ælfric 2nd Let. to Wulfstan (Corpus Cambr.) in B. Fehr Die Hirtenbriefe Ælfrics (1914) 186 Hyg sceoldan understandan, hu se hælend adræfde mid geworhtre [c1175 Bodl. 343 ȝewrohte] swipe ða cypan of þam temple. 1606 H. Peacham Art of Drawing 69 Lay with euery bed of your wrought and drawne glasse one of the said peeces of glasse. 1624 in Archaeologia (1806) 15 161 3 pare of wrote boote hose. 1696 W. Derham Artific. Clock-maker i. 4 The wrought piece which covers the Balance..is the Cock. 1700–1 Act 12 & 13 William c. 4 §1 For want of Assayers..to assay and touch their wrought Plate. 1739 Act 12 Geo. II c. 26 §6 Any wrought Seal or Seals with Cornelian or other Stones set therein. 1850 D. G. Rossetti Blessed Damozel in Germ Feb. 80 Her robe ungirt from clasp to hem, No wrought flowers did adorn. 1851 T. Metcalf Rep. Supreme Court Mass. 13 57 Passing from the travelled path of the main road to the way over their land, at a place without the limits of the wrought or made road. 2007 J. Sawday Engines of Imagination v. 182 The blurring of the boundary between the natural world and the wrought or artificial world. †3. Created by God. Obsolete. ΘΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [adjective] > created or produced wroughtOE wroughtOE producta1398 createa1425 generate?a1425 gendered1502 naturate1509 shaped1540 generated1552 ingeneratea1572 concepted1662 OE Ælfric Let. to Sigeweard (De Veteri et Novo Test.) (Laud) 17 Hit ys swiðe wolic þæt ða geworhtan gesceafta þam ne beon gehirsume þe hi gesceop & geworhte. c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) l. 573 (MED) An godd almihti..heouene wruhte & eorðes & alle iwrahte þinges. R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Mending of Life 126 God truly is infinit of gretnes,..of all wroght [L. create] kyndes vnconsauyd . II. Of a material or product: subjected to some process. 4. a. Of soil, the land, etc.: tilled, cultivated; dug. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [adjective] > dug or excavated wroughtOE underdolven1382 holkedc1420 cast1487 mineda1500 pioneda1616 uneartheda1625 delved1673 disentombed1871 dugout1886 the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [adjective] > cultivated wroughtOE subact?1440 laboured1470 tilled1546 well-cultured1555 well-laboured1571 husbanded1578 toiled1578 well-husbanded1581 cultive1611 improved1617 cultivated1622 well-cultivated1650 manured1746 well-farmed1770 reduced1794 farmed1800 tillaged1854 tilthed1866 tame1887 OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 84 Noualis ager, brocan land uel geworht land. 1652 W. Blith Eng. Improver Improved vi. 29 A Labourer with a Spade upon this wrought Land, will doe abundance in a day. 1756 T. Hale et al. Compl. Body Husbandry vi. iii. 266/2 The Pressure of the wrought Earth against the Roots. 1812 J. Sinclair Acct. Syst. Husb. Scotl. i. 321 The operator [sc. a hoe] proceeds backward, leaving the wrought ground and cut weeds untrod. 1858 Jrnl. Bath & West of Eng. Soc. for Agric. 6 62 The wrought land has been drilled into ridglets 27 inches apart, the seeds sown by hand. 1903 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 222/1 As the shelving banks close in there is a smell of the wrought earth. b. Coal Mining. Of a mine, seam, etc.: dug or worked to obtain or extract coal. Of coal: hewn from a bed or seam; won. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > mining > [adjective] > mined > of coal wrought1664 1664 J. Beale in R. Boyle Corr. 18 Jan. (2001) II. 241 The old wrought Mines of many fathomes deepe stand full to the brim after greate raynes. 1708 J. C. Compl. Collier 10 in T. Nourse Mistery of Husbandry Discover'd (ed. 3) The Horse Engin..serves..to draw up the Wrought Coals. 1812 R. Bald Gen. View Coal Trade Scotl. iii. 52 The wrought coal is thus divided. 1823 Philos. Mag. 28 Feb. 100 The established and general practice, with almost all their wrought seams, in the great Coal-field which extends thence southward into Nottinghamshire. 1914 R. A. S. Redmayne Mod. Pract. Mining III. vi. 157 A stepped face will usually be advanced to the full rise of the seam, the wrought coal being lowered down..to the level below. 1915 Nature 8 Apr. 159/1 So many of our thicker and more easily wrought seams are to a large extent worked out. 5. gen. Of a material: subjected to some process or operation; prepared by labour, esp. so as to be ready for use, sale, or trade; treated, finished. Of goods: manufactured, processed. Cf. worked adj. 2a. Now somewhat archaic. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > manufacture or production > [adjective] > manufactured or produced wrought1440 prepared1694 artefactual1960 the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > [adjective] > prepared or ready > for use yare971 wrought1440 expedite1609 expeditious1749 1440 in W. H. Black Hist. & Antiq. Worshipful Company of Leathersellers (1871) 24 (MED) If the seid Wardeins..fynde eny maner lethir that is unsuffisantly or untrewly tawed, wroght or unwroght, than that the same Wardeins mowe have power for to take it. 1541 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 454 Quhat craftisman that braks the samyn [act], the rest of his wrought ledder to be escheitt. c1580 in Eng. Hist. Rev. July (1914) 518 Pilchars and Red herringe, wrought Lime. 1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum xvii. f. 286/2 (Addition) The seconde fruite vnder the same first rine or rime, is much lyke vnto Bombace or Silke; and is not vnlike to beaten or wrought Flaxe. 1650 Act for Redempt. of Captives 59 Drest or wrought flax, the hundred weight, cont. 112. pound. 1675 R. Coke Eng.'s Improvem. 49 If..wrought Goods imported by Forreigners, and bought with ready Mony, be so profitable to the Duke of Florence and his Subjects; I am sure the free Importation of unwrought Goods into England by Forreigners, might be much more profitable. 1702 tr. P. de la Court True Interest Republick Holland & W.-Friesland i. xxii. 93 Most of our Fish, and wrought Goods, must afterwards be transported to Foreign Parts. 1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. i. x. 53 We do in fact send out gold and silver to several countries in Europe, from whence we receive only wrought commodities, or useless articles. 1790 tr. V. Denon Trav. Sicily & Malta (new ed.) 70 We were carried from hence to the place where they keep dead bodies having dried them with wrought lime. 1803 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population (new ed.) iii. x. 459 The whole value of the wrought commodity. 1807 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 444 Wrought rosin, or shoe~maker's rosin. 1893 J. M. Crawford tr. Industries of Russia I. vi. 98 The large manufactories do not compete to any great extent in this branch of trade, consisting principally of boots and shoes, shamois goods, harness and other kinds of wrought leather. 1919 E. F. Burchard & G. F. Loughlin Min. Resources U.S. 1916 II. 241 The imports of fuller's earth for consumption in 1916 continued to decline... The imports are nearly all..of wrought or manufactured earth. 1986 Representations No. 14. 98 He subscribed to Adam Smith's rather than Malthus's theory of value, including the producers of wrought goods inside the pale of ‘productive labour’. 2003 M. Singh & A. Pradhan in A. D. Mishra Challenges 21st Cent. vi. 65 We must realise that any waste of material resources whether raw or wrought is a desecration of nature. 6. Of a fabric, garment, etc.: decorated or ornamented with needlework; embellished, embroidered. Also: designating embroidered needlework. Also figurative and in figurative contexts. Cf. worked adj. 2b, inwrought adj. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > [adjective] > artistically executed or ornamented wrought1455 elaborated1596 conceited1598 elaborate1621 wroughted1656 exact1667 high-wrought1684 inextricable1692 worked1696 fancied1709 high-finished1744 1455 in A. Clark Lincoln Diocese Documents (1914) 67 [A] Wrought bordcloth cum j. pari towalles de eadem. 1475 in C. L. Kingsford Stonor Lett. & Papers (1919) I. 155 It[e]m..j. large wrought Bordeclothe. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xliv. 13 Hir clothinge is of wrought golde. 1552–3 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Edward VI (1914) 104 Purple wrought vellet. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. xiii. sig. I5 A light taffeta garment, so cut, as the wrought smocke came through it in many places. 1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor i. ii. sig. C Shadow their glorie as a Millaners wife doth her wrought stomacher, with a smoakie lawne. View more context for this quotation 1604 T. M. Blacke Bk. in Wks. (1840) V. 543 Under the plain frieze of simplicity thou mayest finely couch the wrought velvet of knavery. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 310 A third sort of Melons..are wrought or embroider'd, having amidst the embroidery red, yellow, and green spots. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 91. ⁋5 My Mistress presented me with a Wrought Nightcap. 1711 Hermit 25 Aug. 2/1 The old Tapestry Hangings and Wrought Bed [must be] pulled down. 1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel ii. xix. 48 A wrought Spanish baldric. a1822 P. B. Shelley Witch of Atlas xxvi, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 37 The wizard lady sat..broidering the pictured poesy..and ever she Added some grace to the wrought poesy. 1851 Illustr. London News 19 July 86/1 Wrought muslin wristlets about two inches in width. 1982 Amer. Literary Realism 15 131 His fiction and criticism work through accretion of detail within a wrought tapestry of context. 1999 J. Arnold in A. De La Haye & E. Wilson Defining Dress ii. 11 Queen Elizabeth also had a riding cloak of wrought velvet lined with fur in 1563. 7. Of a textile fabric or fibre, esp. silk: spun. Opposed to raw adj. 2c, unwrought adj.¹ 2a.Now chiefly in historical contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > thread or yarn > [adjective] > silk thrown1455 wrought1463 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > treated or processed textiles > [adjective] yteseda1425 carded1547 currieda1556 scoured1667 wrought1694 combed1833 slubbed1844 willowed1880 stringy1902 deseeded1958 1463–5 Rolls of Parl.: Edward IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1463 §21. m. 7 Wrought silke, throwen rybans and laces, falsely and disseyvably wrought. 1504 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1504 §31. m. 23 All other maner of sylkes, aswell wrought as rawe or unwrought. 1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 336 The riches of the Kingdome are especially silkes, wrought and unwrought. 1694 E. Chamberlayne Angliæ Notitia (ed. 18) i. 37 Merionethshire..abounds with Sheep, Fish, Fowl, and wrought Cottons. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Silk The Silks brought from Italy are partly Wrought, and partly Raw, and Un-wrought. 1841 J. Haydn Dict. Dates 472 Wrought silk was brought from Persia to Greece 325 b.c. 1887 Rep. Supreme Court S. Carolina 24 350 When the lessees leased the factory, they found the machinery full of wrought cotton, and when they turned it over to the purchasers, they left it in the same condition. 1972 A. Plummer London Weavers' Company 1600–1970 xiv. 292 Indian wrought silks and painted and dyed calicoes became extremely fashionable. 2010 J. Sutton East India Company's Maritime Service, 1746–1834 7 Chintzes and wrought silks from China and India. †8. Of an ingredient, concoction, etc.: skilfully mixed or prepared. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [adjective] > created or produced > contrived, artificial, or put together positivec1385 artificial?c1425 craftlya1492 wroughta1500 preparated1569 made1580 elaborate1583 elaborate1592 elaborated1596 handmade1603 arted1606 factitiousa1624 made-up1677 fictitious1686 man-madea1718 got-up1793 gotten-up1796 canned1878 artefact1909 prefabricated1935 a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 85 Thre Rotes of wroght hony [L. artificialis]. a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 83 He sholde..caste vp-on his heued wroght waters attempred. 9. Of stone, jewels, wood, etc.: shaped, fashioned; cut, hewn, carved; (also) smoothed, polished. Now somewhat rare.With quot. 2007 compare wrot n. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > [adjective] > shaped > from the rough material wrought1527 1527 in J. S. Brewer Lett. & Papers Reign Henry VIII (1872) IV. ii. 1457 A white enamelled gold ring, with a great table ruby, wrought, antique. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 274 There remayneth at this daye a Cathedrall churche in token of the ancient felicitie, beinge suche that in byggenesse & workemanship of wrought stone, the lyke is not in all Christendome. 1560 Bible (Geneva) Bishops' Num. xxxi. 51 Moses & Eleazar..toke the golde of them, and all wroght iewels. 1611 Bible (King James) 1 Chron. xxii. 2 Hee set masons to hew wrought stones. View more context for this quotation 1652 E. Benlowes Theophila iii. xxvi. 40 Her Lips Rock-rubies, and her Veins wrought Saphyrs show. 1736 F. Drake Eboracum ii. ii. 484 The church thought fit to erect two statues; one represented with a piece of rough unhewn stone in his hands, the other with a similitude of a piece of wrought timber. 1769 Defoe's Tour Great Brit. (ed. 7) I. 169 This Work..is crowned with a Facia and Torus of wrought Stone. 1818 J. Keats Endymion ii. 82 The water,..mimick'd the wrought oaken beams. 1854 W. Usher in J. C. Nott & G. R. Gliddon Types of Mankind i. xi. 357 Large quantities of wrought bones, human and animal. 1921 Atlantic Monthly Mar. 305/2 It stood completed..veiled with screens of wrought marble so fine that they might lift in the breeze. 2007 P. Swift et al. Constr. Plumbing iii. 125 We say that PAR timber is wrought or wrot, and that rough timber is un-wrought. 10. a. Of a metal: shaped or modified by hammering or other mechanical treatment; (esp. of a precious metal) shaped or processed for use or trade (contrasted with unwrought). Also: (of a metal or alloy) formed or processed by manual or mechanical working, esp. at high temperature, as forging, rolling, or drawing (contrasted with cast); see also wrought iron n.Wrought metal tends to have a higher tensile strength and greater ductility than a cast form of the same metal. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [adjective] > shaped with hammer wrought1555 staved1906 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. iii. f. 63^v Here they founde certeyne powndes weyght of gold, grauen & wrought into sundrye ouches. [Note] Wrought gold. 1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 403/1 Argentum factum,..wrought siluer, as plate, coyne, &c. 1664 in G. Miege Relation of Three Embassies (1669) 306 Two wrought Silver Dishes, and another Dish of Silver parcel gilt also. 1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Ss2/3 Wrought Silver,..wrought Brass. 1696–7 Act 8 & 9 William III c. 34 §1 in Statutes of Realm (1963) VII. 288 Evrey Hundred weight of Tin wrought commonly called Pewter. 1717 G. Berkeley Jrnls. Trav. Italy 30 May in Wks. (1955) VII. 289 Gold and silver wrought and unwrought, found along the side of the little sea. 1733 tr. Ceremonies & Relig. Customs Var. Nations I. 35 Ornaments of wrought Silver, which have Pomegranates and small Bells fastened to them. 1799 B. Edwards Hist. Brit. Colonies W. Indies iv. ii. 145 From Britain there is continual exportation to Africa of..powder, shot, wrought brass and copper, and several other commodities. 1817 Scots Mag. Aug. 23/2 It is your opinion that in steam-boats boilers of wrought metal should be used in preference to cast?—No doubt about it. 1830 Arcana Sci. & Art 43 A wrought-copper bar. 1843 T. Carlyle Past & Present ii. iii. 75 St. Edmund's Shrine glitters..with a plating of wrought gold. 1908 S. F. Walker Steam Boilers, Engines & Turbines v. 317 The moving wheels or runners consist of wrought-steel discs. 1965 G. J. Jones Fund. Workshop Technol. ii. 37 It is usual to classify aluminium alloys as ‘wrought’ or ‘cast’. 1970 Mosaic 3 10 A Renaissance globe..worked in wrought bronze burnished in murky gold. 2004 Maroondah (Austral.) Leader (Nexis) 27 Apr. 16 We hand-forge a piece of wrought gold in our workshop. b. Of metalwork, or an item made of this: shaped or embellished by manual handiwork or mechanical working; (in later use) spec. made of wrought metal (see sense 10a; contrasted with cast). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [adjective] > beaten, forged, or wrought smithedOE wrought1565 forged1621 well-metalled1644 planished1683 well-forged1689 smithied1847 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Vestis A wrought tach [i.e. clasp] did fasten, &c. 1613 in C. Welch Hist. Pewterers' Co. (1902) II. 61 The greate beak^r..Middle beake^r..Smale beake^r..The great beere bowle... The large wrought Cupps. 1661 T. Blount Glossographia (ed. 2) Salver..is a new fashioned peece of wrought plate, broad and flat. 1789 M. Madan New & Lit. Transl. Juvenal & Persius 114 This wrought-work here mentioned, is thought, from what follows, to have been the large wrought, i.e. chased or imbossed, gold cup, that Philip, king of Macedon, used to drink out of. 1807 Salmagundi 27 June 237 His learned distinctions between wrought scissors, and those of cast-steel. 1849 J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. ii. 51 Ornaments..of cast-iron..are always distinguishable, at a glance, from wrought and hammered work. 1883 W. D. Curzon Manuf. Industries Worcs. 2 The wrought work of ploughs and..blacksmiths' work of all kinds. 1909 Mod. Sanitation Aug. 346 Any system of piping..which is made up of wrought pipe with screw threads. 1939 R. Denney Connecticut River 48 Whatever the good adze made or the wrought nail fastened..Is under the winter now. 2011 W. Wang Reverse Engin. iii. 66 An Osprey spray-formed Ni-base superalloy product..shows a similar microstructure and comparable properties to a wrought piece with the same alloy composition, and has better properties than a cast product. III. Other senses. 11. †a. Of the sea: in turbulent motion; rough, stormy, choppy. Also in figurative contexts. Obsolete. ΘΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > [adjective] > agitated unquieta1398 vexed?1440 stirred1483 wrought1511 totteringa1535 turmoilous1553 turbulent1573 disturbed1593 trepidat1605 agitated1614 distracted1632 commoving1647 tumultuous1667 jumbling1687 unpacifica1750 uneasy1816 commoved1847 turmoily1877 1511 Pylgrymage Richarde Guylforde (Pynson) f. lij^v Howbeit the wroughte Sees tossyd and rolled vs ryght greuously. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. iii. 33 The wind still continuyng.., and the seas sore wrought. 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 368 The billowes of a wrought sea. 1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia iii. 111 Of any ship to find the trimme, In wrought seas how she best might swimme. 1729 S. Madden Themistocles i. i. 7 My wrought Blood, that like some River well'd, With a full Sea of Rage run salt and brackish. 1862 Christian Examiner May 333 A ship that should ride the wrought seas with as little inconvenience to the passenger as other ships ride an inland stream. b. Displaying, affected by, or characterized by heightened emotion, esp. excitement or anxiety; agitated, worked up; = wrought-up adj. (b) at Compounds. Cf. overwrought adj. 1.In some instances perhaps influenced by association with fraught. ΘΠ the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > [adjective] > nervously excited or agitated high-wrought1579 feverous1587 tremulous1611 feverish1637 overwound1640 gestient1644 overwrought1648 twittering1648 fevereda1657 tumultuous1667 wrought-up1688 flustered1743 trepidatinga1774 flurried1775 wrought1778 riled1825 tête montée1825 worked up1831 tumultuating1854 trepidant1891 tremorous1897 wroughted1905 goosy1906 hotted-up1923 steamed1923 spooky1926 antsy-pantsy1944 antsy1950 agitato1964 amped1967 wired1970 1778 H. Brooke Antony & Cleopatra ii. iv, in Coll. Pieces II. 400 Withdraw a while—leave me—I pray you leave me, Until I have admonish'd my wrought spirit, To more of constancy! 1816 C. R. Maturin Bertram (ed. 2) ii. iii. 29 His child Knelt madly to the hungry walls for succour E'er her wrought brain could bear the horrid thought. 1876 F. Johnson Village of Merrow xiv. 52 Giles crushed upon his nether lip What his wrought heart would say. 1906 Poet Lore 7 62 Everything was turning him to romanticism; his naturally subjective, sentimental temperament; his mystic tendencies, heritage of all descendants of Puritans; his wrought and receptive condition; his utter loneliness. 1923 Everygirl's Mag. Jan. 150/2 We..got fidgetier every minute. We were too fussy to even make candy, which proves how very wrought we were. 1992 Harper's Mag. Jan. 64/3 So wrought were editors with anxieties about tokenism and marketing. 2004 Times (Nexis) 15 Nov. (Sport section) 19 It is doubtful whether there was a more wrought atmosphere at any of the first-round ties than at Hayes Lane. †12. Of an animal: used for agricultural work; = worked adj. 3. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > domestic animal > [adjective] > labouring labouring1377 working1577 worked1707 wrought1725 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Ox Wrought Oxen in the Seasons they are put to labour, ought to be fed with Care. Compounds With adverbs, forming adjectives corresponding to phrasal verbs at work v. wrought-off adj. Printing printed off, esp. in a final form ready for publication or distribution; cf. worked-off adj. at worked adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > [adjective] > printed printc1475 printed1481 imprinted1561 wrought-off1683 worked-off1770 typographical1803 machine-printed1852 type-set1867 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 236 He uses one of the Wrought-off Forms. 1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 409 Then we impose from wrought-off Forms. 1838 C. H. Timperley Printers' Man. 114 Wrought-off heaps [of paper]. 1982 Stud. in Bibliogr. 35 207 Types from wrought-off Folio pages of quires D-F were often distributed. 2007 G. Taylor et al. Thomas Middleton & Early Mod. Textual Culture 200/2 A long knee-height bench upon which the heap and wrought-off sheets were placed. wrought-up adj. †(a) made into a finished product; processed, manufactured (obsolete); (b) agitated, excited; anxious, upset; cf. worked up adj. at worked adj. Compounds. ΘΠ the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > [adjective] > nervously excited or agitated high-wrought1579 feverous1587 tremulous1611 feverish1637 overwound1640 gestient1644 overwrought1648 twittering1648 fevereda1657 tumultuous1667 wrought-up1688 flustered1743 trepidatinga1774 flurried1775 wrought1778 riled1825 tête montée1825 worked up1831 tumultuating1854 trepidant1891 tremorous1897 wroughted1905 goosy1906 hotted-up1923 steamed1923 spooky1926 antsy-pantsy1944 antsy1950 agitato1964 amped1967 wired1970 1688 Model erecting Bank of Credit 18 He may pay one third thereof by his wrought up Goods unsold. 1799 W. Tooke View Russ. Empire III. x. iii. 191 The Wrought-up materials, as soap, &c. are not mentioned. 1808 T. Chalmers Enq. into Extent & Stability National Resources iv. 187 There is always on hand, too, a quantity of the wrought up commodity, for which the demand may have ceased. 1810 G. Crabbe Borough xv. 205 He knew..How to make all the Passions his Allies, And..To watch the wrought-up Heart, and conquer by surprise. 1895 Argosy Nov. 118/2 He was so flurried and wrought up that he did not believe he would be able to sleep. 1962 W. H. Auden Dyer's Hand (1963) 508 We are shown Antony talking to his friends in a wrought-up state of self-dramatization and self-pity. 2001 S. King Dreamcatcher vi. 188 Henry guesses that Pete is nearly as wrought-up, but Pete is holding it in better. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1275adj.OE
随便看	for a monty for a need for a particular account for a person's advantage for a person's best for a person's blood for a person's delectation for a person's mend for a person's mercy for a person's occasion for a person's worship for a push for a rainy day for a season for a shift for a song for a space for a spell for a spurt for a start for a start-off for a starter for a startoff for a sudden for a surety

† wroughtn.

wroughtadj.

Compounds