† wondev.

Forms: Old English–Middle English wandian, Middle English wand(e, wond(e, (Middle English waand, want, Middle English whonde, wound(e, woonde; ScottishMiddle English waynd(e, Middle English–1500s waind).

Etymology: Old English wandian to shrink, hesitate, refrain, spare, corresponding to Old Norse vanda to make elaborately, make difficulties, find fault (compare vandr difficult, etc., vandi difficulty, etc.): apparently < wand- , wend- to turn (see wand n., wend v.¹, wind v.¹; and compare wandis v.).

1. intransitive. To shrink or flinch for fear; to hesitate (esp. const. infinitive); to refrain.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > exhibit physical symptoms [verb (intransitive)] > cower or flinch

wondec897

shuna1000

blencha1250

cowerc1300

scunnerc1425

cringea1525

to play couch-quaila1529

quail1544

winch1605

dwindle1612

blank1642

shy1650

scringec1700

funk?1746

flinch1883

curl1913

the mind > emotion > fear > timidity > be timorous [verb (intransitive)] > hesitate or hang back through timidity

wondec897

arghc1175

scurnc1325

erch1584

to hang the winga1601

shirk1778

crane1823

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > shrink or recoil from

wondec897

blench1663

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from action [verb (intransitive)] > avoid > shrink or recoil

wondec897

blencha1250

shunta1250

scurnc1325

blenka1330

blinka1400

startc1400

shrink1508

blanch1572

swerve1573

shruga1577

flinch1578

recoil1582

budgea1616

shucka1620

smay1632

blunk1655

shudder1668

resile1678

skew1678

reluctate1833

c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xx. 149 Oft mon bið suiðe wandigende æt ælcum weorce & suiðe lætræde.

971 Blickl. Hom. 43 [Sins] swiþe unsyferlice þæt se man wandaþ þæt he hi æfre asecgge.

c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxvii. 162 Uereor ic anðracige oððe ic wandige.

a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1052 Ac he ne wandode na him metes to tylienne.

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 1693 Also shal þe womman wonde To take [in marriage] here godmodrys husbonde.

c1330 King of Tars 898 The soudan tok the prest bi the honde, And bad him go and nothing wonde.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4071 For drede of duresse nor of deth in erþe, nel i wonde in no wise what i þouȝt to seie.

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Dido. 1187 Loue wil loue, for no thing wele it wande.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5293 For-þi, leue fader, want þou noght, Al þi will it sal be wroght.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4334 How sco broght him to þe fand, Forth to tell wil i noght waand.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 198 Quhar he fand ane..To cutt his thrott or steik hym sodanlye He wayndyt nocht.

c1500 Melusine (1895) 219 But the duc Anthony wanded.

a1510 G. Douglas King Hart i. 91 Richt as the rose vpspringis fro the rute,..Nor waindis nocht the levis to outschute.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 590 I wole..Do my deuer yf I dar, & for no dethe wonde.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3380 Wond of þi weping, whipe vp þi teris.

a1550 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Wemyss) xcv. l. 3961 Scho wayndit nocht þare feit to wesche.

2. transitive. To refrain from; to shrink from, avoid, shun; to refuse.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > refuse to do something

warnc900

withsaya1225

wondec1315

refusea1325

denya1400

nayc1400

recusec1425

renayc1489

renounce1582

disclaim1586

to draw the line1839

c1315 Shoreham Poems i. 2031 Ne hy ne wondeþ messeday, Ne none holy tyde.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 268 This worthi kniht with swerd on honde His weie made, and thei him wonde.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 8361 He..bad hir say, ne wond it noght, Quat war best as hir thoght.

c1450 Erle Tolous 1155 Soche wordes y rede thou wonde.

a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 1526 My ryght name schall y not wande.

?a1500 Chester Plays (E.E.T.S.) xxiii. 29 His wickednes he would not wonde [v.r. wound], Till he was taken and putt in Band.

Derivatives

† wonding n. Obsolete flinching, hesitation.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > [noun]

yea-and-nayc1384

vacillationc1400

titteringa1413

stackeringc1440

wondingc1440

fluctuationc1450

waver1519

mammering1532

uncertainty1548

wavering1548

to and fro1553

suspense1560

staggering1565

suspension1568

mammery1578

demur1581

branle1591

dilly-dally1592

hesitance1601

irresolution1601

uncertainness1601

undecision1611

waveringness1614

hesitancy1617

unsettledness1619

hesitation1622

unresolvednessa1626

doubleness of minda1628

wavinga1628

swagging1636

poise1637

mambling1640

stickagea1647

vacillancy1668

whifflinga1677

hovering1679

unresolve1679

irresoluteness1686

shilly-shally1755

indecisiona1763

undecisiveness1779

indecisiveness1793

oscillation1798

flexility1815

shilly-shallying1842

swaying1850

Hamletism1852

teeter1855

havering1866

off and on1875

dilly-dallying1879

double-mindedness1881

hesitatingness1890

dither1958

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > [noun] > avoiding an action or condition > shrinking or recoiling

wondingc1440

recoil1567

shrinking1580

flinching1600

shrugginga1617

reluctancea1628

blanching1642

smaying1678

shying1796

flinch1817

funking1823

blenching1868

recoiling1892

c1440 York Myst. xxviii. 77 Nowe will we lere, Full warely to were ȝou fro alle wandynge.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	wonde
释义	† wondev. Forms: Old English–Middle English wandian, Middle English wand(e, wond(e, (Middle English waand, want, Middle English whonde, wound(e, woonde; ScottishMiddle English waynd(e, Middle English–1500s waind). Etymology: Old English wandian to shrink, hesitate, refrain, spare, corresponding to Old Norse vanda to make elaborately, make difficulties, find fault (compare vandr difficult, etc., vandi difficulty, etc.): apparently < wand- , wend- to turn (see wand n., wend v.¹, wind v.¹; and compare wandis v.). 1. intransitive. To shrink or flinch for fear; to hesitate (esp. const. infinitive); to refrain. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > exhibit physical symptoms [verb (intransitive)] > cower or flinch wondec897 shuna1000 blencha1250 cowerc1300 scunnerc1425 cringea1525 to play couch-quaila1529 quail1544 winch1605 dwindle1612 blank1642 shy1650 scringec1700 funk?1746 flinch1883 curl1913 the mind > emotion > fear > timidity > be timorous [verb (intransitive)] > hesitate or hang back through timidity wondec897 arghc1175 scurnc1325 erch1584 to hang the winga1601 shirk1778 crane1823 the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from (action) [verb (transitive)] > shrink or recoil from wondec897 blench1663 the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > abstain or refrain from action [verb (intransitive)] > avoid > shrink or recoil wondec897 blencha1250 shunta1250 scurnc1325 blenka1330 blinka1400 startc1400 shrink1508 blanch1572 swerve1573 shruga1577 flinch1578 recoil1582 budgea1616 shucka1620 smay1632 blunk1655 shudder1668 resile1678 skew1678 reluctate1833 c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xx. 149 Oft mon bið suiðe wandigende æt ælcum weorce & suiðe lætræde. 971 Blickl. Hom. 43 [Sins] swiþe unsyferlice þæt se man wandaþ þæt he hi æfre asecgge. c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxvii. 162 Uereor ic anðracige oððe ic wandige. a1122 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1052 Ac he ne wandode na him metes to tylienne. 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 1693 Also shal þe womman wonde To take [in marriage] here godmodrys husbonde. c1330 King of Tars 898 The soudan tok the prest bi the honde, And bad him go and nothing wonde. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4071 For drede of duresse nor of deth in erþe, nel i wonde in no wise what i þouȝt to seie. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Dido. 1187 Loue wil loue, for no thing wele it wande. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5293 For-þi, leue fader, want þou noght, Al þi will it sal be wroght. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4334 How sco broght him to þe fand, Forth to tell wil i noght waand. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) i. l. 198 Quhar he fand ane..To cutt his thrott or steik hym sodanlye He wayndyt nocht. c1500 Melusine (1895) 219 But the duc Anthony wanded. a1510 G. Douglas King Hart i. 91 Richt as the rose vpspringis fro the rute,..Nor waindis nocht the levis to outschute. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 590 I wole..Do my deuer yf I dar, & for no dethe wonde. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3380 Wond of þi weping, whipe vp þi teris. a1550 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Wemyss) xcv. l. 3961 Scho wayndit nocht þare feit to wesche. 2. transitive. To refrain from; to shrink from, avoid, shun; to refuse. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] > refuse to do something warnc900 withsaya1225 wondec1315 refusea1325 denya1400 nayc1400 recusec1425 renayc1489 renounce1582 disclaim1586 to draw the line1839 c1315 Shoreham Poems i. 2031 Ne hy ne wondeþ messeday, Ne none holy tyde. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 268 This worthi kniht with swerd on honde His weie made, and thei him wonde. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 8361 He..bad hir say, ne wond it noght, Quat war best as hir thoght. c1450 Erle Tolous 1155 Soche wordes y rede thou wonde. a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 1526 My ryght name schall y not wande. ?a1500 Chester Plays (E.E.T.S.) xxiii. 29 His wickednes he would not wonde [v.r. wound], Till he was taken and putt in Band. Derivatives † wonding n. Obsolete flinching, hesitation. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > [noun] yea-and-nayc1384 vacillationc1400 titteringa1413 stackeringc1440 wondingc1440 fluctuationc1450 waver1519 mammering1532 uncertainty1548 wavering1548 to and fro1553 suspense1560 staggering1565 suspension1568 mammery1578 demur1581 branle1591 dilly-dally1592 hesitance1601 irresolution1601 uncertainness1601 undecision1611 waveringness1614 hesitancy1617 unsettledness1619 hesitation1622 unresolvednessa1626 doubleness of minda1628 wavinga1628 swagging1636 poise1637 mambling1640 stickagea1647 vacillancy1668 whifflinga1677 hovering1679 unresolve1679 irresoluteness1686 shilly-shally1755 indecisiona1763 undecisiveness1779 indecisiveness1793 oscillation1798 flexility1815 shilly-shallying1842 swaying1850 Hamletism1852 teeter1855 havering1866 off and on1875 dilly-dallying1879 double-mindedness1881 hesitatingness1890 dither1958 the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > [noun] > avoiding an action or condition > shrinking or recoiling wondingc1440 recoil1567 shrinking1580 flinching1600 shrugginga1617 reluctancea1628 blanching1642 smaying1678 shying1796 flinch1817 funking1823 blenching1868 recoiling1892 c1440 York Myst. xxviii. 77 Nowe will we lere, Full warely to were ȝou fro alle wandynge. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1928; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.c897
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