woebegoneadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈwəʊbᵻɡɒn/, U.S.

/ˈwoʊbiˌɡɔn/,

/ˈwoʊbəˌɡɔn/

Forms: Middle English wabegan (northern), Middle English wobeegoon, Middle English wobego, Middle English wobigon, Middle English wobigoon, Middle English wobygon, Middle English woobigoon, Middle English–1500s wobegon, 1500s wobegone, 1500s–1600s woebegon, 1500s 1800s– woebegone, 1600s weabegane (northern); also Scottish pre-1700 waebegan, pre-1700 wobegane, 1800s– waebegane, 1800s– waebegone, 1900s– waebegaen, 1900s– waebegeen (Caithness and Shetland).

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: woe n., English begone , bego v.

Etymology: < woe n. + begone, past participle of bego v., in Middle English impersonal constructions such as me is wo bigon ‘woe has beset me’ (see bego v. 8).In the original construction an objective pronoun is governed by a verb phrase comprising the auxiliary be and the past participle of bego with woe as subject:c1330 (?a1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) p. 400 In hert him was ful wo bigon.c1330 (?c1300) Amis & Amiloun (Auch.) (1937) 2162 Me nas neuer so wo bigon, ȝif þou it wost vnderstond, For..al-most now ichaue him slon.c1350 Gregorius (Cleo.) (1914) l. 236 Þþe leuedi for hire child was wo..And seide, ‘alas, me is wo bigo!’c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 608 Noght wolde I telle yow how me is wo bigon But certes outher moste I dye or pleyne.c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 653 Allas..how me is wo be-goon!With the subsequent change of pronoun from objective to subjective (and concomitant reinterpretation of the collocation of woe and begone as an instrumental compound adjective meaning ‘beset with woe’) compare the parallel development of me is woe to I am woe (see woe adj. and discussion there). Compare also woeful-begone (adjective; one isolated attestation): ▸ c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 28 Mone men..bene nede and nedful and woful-begoon. The following example appears to show a blend of the old and new constructions:1593 T. W. Tears of Fancie xxxviii My hart doth whisper I am woe begone me.

A. adj.

1. Beset with woe; afflicted or overwhelmed by misfortune, distress, sorrow, or grief; (now also in weakened sense) sad, forlorn. In Middle English also: †suffering from physical pain, illness, or tiredness (obsolete).In quot. a1325 in extended use (with reference to the thirty pieces of silver paid to Judas Iscariot): imbued with woe.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adjective]

sorelyc888

gramec893

sorrowfuleOE

unblithec897

sorryeOE

carefulOE

charyOE

sickOE

yomerOE

sorry-moodOE

sweerc1000

yomerlyOE

sorrilyOE

woea1200

balec1220

sorry?c1225

sorec1275

gremefula1300

sada1300

ruthlyc1300

thoughtfulc1300

woebegonea1325

heavyc1330

grievousc1374

woefula1375

sorrowya1382

dereful?a1400

sorousa1400

sytefula1400

teenfula1400

wrotha1400

balefulc1400

tristy?c1400

tristc1420

dolefulc1430

wapped in woec1440

yhevidc1440

dolenta1450

condolentc1460

discomforted1477

tristfula1492

sorrow1496

dram?a1513

dolorous1513

earnful?1527

troublous1535

amort1546

mournfula1558

passioned1560

sadded1566

tristive1578

distressed1586

passionate1586

sorrowed1596

distressful1601

passionful1605

sighful1606

contristed1625

anguishinga1642

sadful1658

saddened1665

tristitious1694

sick as a parrot1705

pangful1727

woesome1778

grieving1807

ruesome1833

yearned1838

doleant1861

mournsome1869

thoughted1869

tragical1887

grief-stricken1905

a1325 (?c1300) Northern Passion (Cambr. Gg.1.1) l. 805 Þat castel [read catel; v.rr. catel, gode, syluer] was wo bigon, So bigilid nas neuir non.

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 314 He went and trent his bed opon, So man þat is wo bigon.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 4826 (MED) This yonge lusty wyht..Was evele served overal, That sche was wo bego withal.

a1425 (?c1300) Northern Passion (Cambr. Gg.5.31) l. 7* Tyll anoynt with all his seke body Þat wafull was and wa began.

c1450 W. Lichefeld Complaint of God (Lamb. 853) l. 266 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 207 Þou myȝtist han holpe, ȝong & oolde Þat ben disesid and woo-bigoon.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxiii. 295 Beestys, byrdys—all haue thay rest, When thay ar wo-begon.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid x. xiii. 79 Sa wobegone becam this lusty man That salt teris fast our his chekis ran.

1575 G. Gascoigne Posies 183 Was euer man so woe begone? or in such cares yclad?

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 i. i. 71 Euen such a man, so faint, so spirritlesse, So dull, so dead in looke, so woe begon .

1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 93 All wea-begane, thus liu'd the Shepheard long.

1679 C. Ness Chrystal Mirrour vi. 110 Alas, how will such an one be all woe begone, when he meets with the hottest Hell.

1761 P. Doyne tr. T. Tasso Delivery Jerusalem I. 5 Tancredo there with silent anguish mourn'd So woe begone, so martyr'd with his love.

1771 T. Percy Hermit of Warkworth iii. 33 All Minstrels yet that ever I saw, Are full of game and glee: But thou art sad and woe-begone!

1806 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Inferno II. xviii. 83 That lofty shade, who..seems too woe-begone to drop a tear.

1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond III. ix. 212 Poor Frank Castlewood, who Esmond thought might be woe-be-gone on account of parting with his divine Clotilda.

1909 W. J. Locke Septimus ix. 121 Emmy sank exhausted on a bench in the booking hall,..too woebegone to think of her hair.

2004 R. A. Durr Coldman Cometh iv. 149 Everyone at Pope-Vannoy was woebegone that we were moving on.

2. Exhibiting a state of distress, misery, anguish, or grief; sad or miserable in appearance. Also in extended use of a thing.Arising from an archaic revival of the word, perhaps influenced by such contexts as that of quot. 1600 at sense A. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > [adjective] > exhibiting or expressing anguish or torment

agonizinga1726

woebegone1745

agonized1760

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > other manifestations of sorrow > [adjective] > of sorrowful appearance

sada1375

wailful1558

woebegone1745

woebegonish1826

1745 Leonora II. xxi. 171 Why he looks as spiritless and woe-begone, as the Man that drew Priam's Curtains.

1799 M. Hays Victim of Prejudice II. ix. 175 Can it be my sweet young mistress,—so pale, so altered, so woe-begone?

1802 E. Parsons Myst. Visit IV. 135 You have left all your woe-begone looks behind.

1862 G. A. Sala Accepted Addr. 153 It was the most woebegone excavation..you ever saw.

1871 Frank Leslie's Pleasant Hours 10 103/4 She was the most woe-begone picture I ever looked upon.

1905 R. Leighton Green-painted Ship xx. 172 It was a pale, woe-begone face, with a stubbly growth of brown beard.

1965 H. MacInnes Double Image (1967) vi. 87 It was almost as woebegone in sunshine as it had been in the rain.

2004 A. Potter Do you come here Often? xxxvi. 262 ‘I forgot,’ she sighed heavily, looking woebegone.

B. n.

A woebegone person. rare before 19th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [noun] > sorrowful person

sorrowfuleOE

sorryOE

woebegone?a1400

dolent1530

vicegerent1591

griever1819

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 11955 ‘I am,’ scho said, ‘a wo bigone [a1450 Lamb. wo-bygon], a helples þing, a waried one.’

1839 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 14 May The woe-begones, whose parched lips the water of preferment just touched and then abandoned for ever!

1893 King's Business (New Haven, Connecticut) 138 The streaming tears of those woe-begones.

1999 Kerrville (Texas) Daily Times 4 Oct. 3 a He asked Guv. Bush to come around and meet the woe-begones in their final hours of agony.

Compounds

Complementary, as woebegone-looking, woebegone-sounding, etc.

ΚΠ

1827 W. Webb Minutes Remarks Subj. Picturesque I. 28 The city itself is quite a superior place..to that woe-begone looking place Cologne.

1893 C. M. Stevens Adventures Uncle Jeremiah & Family xviii. 227 A more woe-begone appearing farmer never was seen.

1914 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 4 Jan. 9/2 A dust-begrimed individual in woe-begone appearing knickerbocker suit.

1958 G. Boyington Baa Baa Black Sheep xvi. 157 It was..the most woebegone-looking black sheep anybody ever saw.

2010 J. H. Betts Along came Soldier 63 In a woebegone sounding voice he said, ‘I don't know what your dad is going to say.’

Derivatives

ˈwoebeˌgoneness adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [noun] > state or condition of

drearinessa1000

woeOE

sorrinessOE

sorrowfulnessa1250

heavinessc1275

sorrownessc1300

dreariheada1325

moanc1390

sadnessc1400

grievedness1571

ruthfulness1596

mournfulness1633

waila1682

drearihood1817

woebegoneness1841

tristfulness1847

1841 Raleigh Reg. & N. Carolina Gaz. 8 Jan. I will not presume to say what has caused this woe-begoneness in his Excellency.

1920 W. Bridgman Breaking Prairie Sod vii. 100 For dreariness and woebegoneness we have a country at least equal to the worst.

2007 L. Doyle I love you, Beth Cooper (2009) iii. 33 Denis's woebegoneness somehow penetrated the penumbra of Beth's happiness.

† woebegonish adj. Obsolete rare

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > other manifestations of sorrow > [adjective] > of sorrowful appearance

sada1375

wailful1558

woebegone1745

woebegonish1826

1826 B. Hall in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Sir W. Scott (1837) VI. 316 His countenance..a little woe-begonish.

1881 Sullivan (Indiana) Democrat 2 Nov. These woebegonish statistics are made up by those who are trying to use the worn out machinery of past times.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	woebegone
释义	woebegoneadj.n. Brit. /ˈwəʊbᵻɡɒn/, U.S. /ˈwoʊbiˌɡɔn/, /ˈwoʊbəˌɡɔn/ Forms: Middle English wabegan (northern), Middle English wobeegoon, Middle English wobego, Middle English wobigon, Middle English wobigoon, Middle English wobygon, Middle English woobigoon, Middle English–1500s wobegon, 1500s wobegone, 1500s–1600s woebegon, 1500s 1800s– woebegone, 1600s weabegane (northern); also Scottish pre-1700 waebegan, pre-1700 wobegane, 1800s– waebegane, 1800s– waebegone, 1900s– waebegaen, 1900s– waebegeen (Caithness and Shetland). Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: woe n., English begone , bego v. Etymology: < woe n. + begone, past participle of bego v., in Middle English impersonal constructions such as me is wo bigon ‘woe has beset me’ (see bego v. 8).In the original construction an objective pronoun is governed by a verb phrase comprising the auxiliary be and the past participle of bego with woe as subject:c1330 (?a1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) p. 400 In hert him was ful wo bigon.c1330 (?c1300) Amis & Amiloun (Auch.) (1937) 2162 Me nas neuer so wo bigon, ȝif þou it wost vnderstond, For..al-most now ichaue him slon.c1350 Gregorius (Cleo.) (1914) l. 236 Þþe leuedi for hire child was wo..And seide, ‘alas, me is wo bigo!’c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 608 Noght wolde I telle yow how me is wo bigon But certes outher moste I dye or pleyne.c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 653 Allas..how me is wo be-goon!With the subsequent change of pronoun from objective to subjective (and concomitant reinterpretation of the collocation of woe and begone as an instrumental compound adjective meaning ‘beset with woe’) compare the parallel development of me is woe to I am woe (see woe adj. and discussion there). Compare also woeful-begone (adjective; one isolated attestation): ▸ c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 28 Mone men..bene nede and nedful and woful-begoon. The following example appears to show a blend of the old and new constructions:1593 T. W. Tears of Fancie xxxviii My hart doth whisper I am woe begone me. A. adj. 1. Beset with woe; afflicted or overwhelmed by misfortune, distress, sorrow, or grief; (now also in weakened sense) sad, forlorn. In Middle English also: †suffering from physical pain, illness, or tiredness (obsolete).In quot. a1325 in extended use (with reference to the thirty pieces of silver paid to Judas Iscariot): imbued with woe. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adjective] sorelyc888 gramec893 sorrowfuleOE unblithec897 sorryeOE carefulOE charyOE sickOE yomerOE sorry-moodOE sweerc1000 yomerlyOE sorrilyOE woea1200 balec1220 sorry?c1225 sorec1275 sorec1275 gremefula1300 sada1300 ruthlyc1300 thoughtfulc1300 woebegonea1325 heavyc1330 grievousc1374 woefula1375 sorrowya1382 dereful?a1400 sorousa1400 sytefula1400 teenfula1400 wrotha1400 balefulc1400 tristy?c1400 tristc1420 dolefulc1430 wapped in woec1440 yhevidc1440 dolenta1450 condolentc1460 discomforted1477 tristfula1492 sorrow1496 dram?a1513 dolorous1513 earnful?1527 troublous1535 amort1546 mournfula1558 passioned1560 sadded1566 tristive1578 distressed1586 passionate1586 sorrowed1596 distressful1601 passionful1605 sighful1606 contristed1625 anguishinga1642 sadful1658 saddened1665 tristitious1694 sick as a parrot1705 pangful1727 woesome1778 grieving1807 ruesome1833 yearned1838 doleant1861 mournsome1869 thoughted1869 tragical1887 grief-stricken1905 a1325 (?c1300) Northern Passion (Cambr. Gg.1.1) l. 805 Þat castel [read catel; v.rr. catel, gode, syluer] was wo bigon, So bigilid nas neuir non. c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 314 He went and trent his bed opon, So man þat is wo bigon. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 4826 (MED) This yonge lusty wyht..Was evele served overal, That sche was wo bego withal. a1425 (?c1300) Northern Passion (Cambr. Gg.5.31) l. 7* Tyll anoynt with all his seke body Þat wafull was and wa began. c1450 W. Lichefeld Complaint of God (Lamb. 853) l. 266 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 207 Þou myȝtist han holpe, ȝong & oolde Þat ben disesid and woo-bigoon. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxiii. 295 Beestys, byrdys—all haue thay rest, When thay ar wo-begon. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid x. xiii. 79 Sa wobegone becam this lusty man That salt teris fast our his chekis ran. 1575 G. Gascoigne Posies 183 Was euer man so woe begone? or in such cares yclad? 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 i. i. 71 Euen such a man, so faint, so spirritlesse, So dull, so dead in looke, so woe begon . View more context for this quotation 1615 R. Brathwait Strappado 93 All wea-begane, thus liu'd the Shepheard long. 1679 C. Ness Chrystal Mirrour vi. 110 Alas, how will such an one be all woe begone, when he meets with the hottest Hell. 1761 P. Doyne tr. T. Tasso Delivery Jerusalem I. 5 Tancredo there with silent anguish mourn'd So woe begone, so martyr'd with his love. 1771 T. Percy Hermit of Warkworth iii. 33 All Minstrels yet that ever I saw, Are full of game and glee: But thou art sad and woe-begone! 1806 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Inferno II. xviii. 83 That lofty shade, who..seems too woe-begone to drop a tear. 1852 W. M. Thackeray Henry Esmond III. ix. 212 Poor Frank Castlewood, who Esmond thought might be woe-be-gone on account of parting with his divine Clotilda. 1909 W. J. Locke Septimus ix. 121 Emmy sank exhausted on a bench in the booking hall,..too woebegone to think of her hair. 2004 R. A. Durr Coldman Cometh iv. 149 Everyone at Pope-Vannoy was woebegone that we were moving on. 2. Exhibiting a state of distress, misery, anguish, or grief; sad or miserable in appearance. Also in extended use of a thing.Arising from an archaic revival of the word, perhaps influenced by such contexts as that of quot. 1600 at sense A. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > [adjective] > exhibiting or expressing anguish or torment agonizinga1726 woebegone1745 agonized1760 the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > other manifestations of sorrow > [adjective] > of sorrowful appearance sada1375 wailful1558 woebegone1745 woebegonish1826 1745 Leonora II. xxi. 171 Why he looks as spiritless and woe-begone, as the Man that drew Priam's Curtains. 1799 M. Hays Victim of Prejudice II. ix. 175 Can it be my sweet young mistress,—so pale, so altered, so woe-begone? 1802 E. Parsons Myst. Visit IV. 135 You have left all your woe-begone looks behind. 1862 G. A. Sala Accepted Addr. 153 It was the most woebegone excavation..you ever saw. 1871 Frank Leslie's Pleasant Hours 10 103/4 She was the most woe-begone picture I ever looked upon. 1905 R. Leighton Green-painted Ship xx. 172 It was a pale, woe-begone face, with a stubbly growth of brown beard. 1965 H. MacInnes Double Image (1967) vi. 87 It was almost as woebegone in sunshine as it had been in the rain. 2004 A. Potter Do you come here Often? xxxvi. 262 ‘I forgot,’ she sighed heavily, looking woebegone. B. n. A woebegone person. rare before 19th cent. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [noun] > sorrowful person sorrowfuleOE sorryOE woebegone?a1400 dolent1530 vicegerent1591 griever1819 ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 11955 ‘I am,’ scho said, ‘a wo bigone [a1450 Lamb. wo-bygon], a helples þing, a waried one.’ 1839 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 14 May The woe-begones, whose parched lips the water of preferment just touched and then abandoned for ever! 1893 King's Business (New Haven, Connecticut) 138 The streaming tears of those woe-begones. 1999 Kerrville (Texas) Daily Times 4 Oct. 3 a He asked Guv. Bush to come around and meet the woe-begones in their final hours of agony. Compounds Complementary, as woebegone-looking, woebegone-sounding, etc. ΚΠ 1827 W. Webb Minutes Remarks Subj. Picturesque I. 28 The city itself is quite a superior place..to that woe-begone looking place Cologne. 1893 C. M. Stevens Adventures Uncle Jeremiah & Family xviii. 227 A more woe-begone appearing farmer never was seen. 1914 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 4 Jan. 9/2 A dust-begrimed individual in woe-begone appearing knickerbocker suit. 1958 G. Boyington Baa Baa Black Sheep xvi. 157 It was..the most woebegone-looking black sheep anybody ever saw. 2010 J. H. Betts Along came Soldier 63 In a woebegone sounding voice he said, ‘I don't know what your dad is going to say.’ Derivatives ˈwoebeˌgoneness adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [noun] > state or condition of drearinessa1000 woeOE sorrinessOE sorrowfulnessa1250 heavinessc1275 sorrownessc1300 dreariheada1325 moanc1390 sadnessc1400 grievedness1571 ruthfulness1596 mournfulness1633 waila1682 drearihood1817 woebegoneness1841 tristfulness1847 1841 Raleigh Reg. & N. Carolina Gaz. 8 Jan. I will not presume to say what has caused this woe-begoneness in his Excellency. 1920 W. Bridgman Breaking Prairie Sod vii. 100 For dreariness and woebegoneness we have a country at least equal to the worst. 2007 L. Doyle I love you, Beth Cooper (2009) iii. 33 Denis's woebegoneness somehow penetrated the penumbra of Beth's happiness. † woebegonish adj. Obsolete rare ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > other manifestations of sorrow > [adjective] > of sorrowful appearance sada1375 wailful1558 woebegone1745 woebegonish1826 1826 B. Hall in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Sir W. Scott (1837) VI. 316 His countenance..a little woe-begonish. 1881 Sullivan (Indiana) Democrat 2 Nov. These woebegonish statistics are made up by those who are trying to use the worn out machinery of past times. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.a1325
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