Zeemann.

Brit.

/ˈzeɪman/,

/ˈziːmən/, U.S.

/ˈzeɪˌmæn/,

/ˈzimən/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Zeeman.

Etymology: < the name of Pieter Zeeman (1865–1943), Dutch physicist, who first described the effect in 1896 (in Verh. Physikal. Ges. Berlin 15 128–30).

Physics.

1. Zeeman effect n. an effect whereby a line in the spectrum of an atom or molecule (esp. an emission spectrum; cf. inverse Zeeman effect n.) is split into a number of closely spaced component lines by a magnetic field; cf. Paschen–Back effect n., Stark effect at Stark n.⁴ anomalous Zeeman effect n. now chiefly historical a form of the Zeeman effect in which an even number of lines is produced rather than the expected odd number, theoretically unexplained before the discovery of electron spin in the 1920s. inverse Zeeman effect n. the splitting of lines in an absorption spectrum in the presence of a magnetic field.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > decomposition of light, spectrum > [noun] > effect involving magnetic field

Zeeman effect1897

Paschen–Back effect1923

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > [noun] > magnetic field > splitting effect

Zeeman effect1897

Lorentz triplet1922

Paschen–Back effect1923

1897 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 5th Ser. 44 503 A theoretical analysis..can be developed in connexion with Zeeman's phenomenon, which may help to throw light on the nature of the electric vibrations in the molecule.]

1897 Abstr. Physical Papers Foreign Sources (Physical Soc.) 3 358 The rotation of the mica plate then showed at once the Zeeman effect as a displacement of one image with respect to the other.

1899 Sci. Abstr.: Physics & Electr. Engin. 2 167 The author does not agree..that the rotation of the plane of the vibrations is the principal cause of the appearance of light in the inverse Zeeman effect.

1913 Sci. Abstr. A. 16 591 (title) Anomalous Zeeman-effect of spectral lines of the D-type.

1962 Rep. Progress Physics 25 272 Using the Zeeman effect in spectral lines originating at high levels in the sun, he has been able to show that a flare is often accompanied by a drastic simplification of the local field.

1980 E. U. Condon & H. Odabaşi Atomic Struct. i. 14 All of these exceptional cases came to be called the anomalous Zeeman effect, although the exceptions soon proved to be much more numerous than the rule.

1994 Ye Shi-Hui Magn. Fields Celestial Bodies ii. 16 What we observe in astronomical spectra is mostly absorption lines superposed on continuous spectra, i.e. Fraunhofer lines. They display the so-called inverse Zeeman effect.

2009 B. D. Cullity & C. D. Graham Introd. Magn. Materials (ed. 2) ii. 88 The spin of the electron was postulated in 1925 in order to explain certain features of the optical spectra of hot gases, particularly gases subjected to a magnetic field (Zeeman effect).

2. attributive. Relating to, caused by, or utilizing the Zeeman effect, as Zeeman splitting.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > decomposition of light, spectrum > [adjective] > referring to discoveries by specific scientists

Balmer1891

Zeeman1898

Pickering1914

Lyman1922

Brackett1930

1898 Astrophysical Jrnl. 8 45 The ‘outer lines’ of the Zeeman triplet show indications of complex structure.

1927 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 13 431 Each of the five hyper-fine structure lines has a triplet Zeeman pattern.

1962 W. B. Thompson Introd. Plasma Physics i. 3 There are several ways of inferring the existence of magnetic fields, of which the most direct is from a measurement of the Zeeman splitting of spectral lines.

1971 New Scientist 18 Feb. 381/1 When a nucleus is placed in a high magnetic field, each energy level splits into several sublevels known as magnetic sublevels or Zeeman levels.

2009 V. V. Protopopov Laser Heterodyning v. 243 Today, Zeeman lasers are available from two manufacturers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	zeeman
释义	Zeemann. Brit. /ˈzeɪman/, /ˈziːmən/, U.S. /ˈzeɪˌmæn/, /ˈzimən/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Zeeman. Etymology: < the name of Pieter Zeeman (1865–1943), Dutch physicist, who first described the effect in 1896 (in Verh. Physikal. Ges. Berlin 15 128–30). Physics. 1. Zeeman effect n. an effect whereby a line in the spectrum of an atom or molecule (esp. an emission spectrum; cf. inverse Zeeman effect n.) is split into a number of closely spaced component lines by a magnetic field; cf. Paschen–Back effect n., Stark effect at Stark n.⁴ anomalous Zeeman effect n. now chiefly historical a form of the Zeeman effect in which an even number of lines is produced rather than the expected odd number, theoretically unexplained before the discovery of electron spin in the 1920s. inverse Zeeman effect n. the splitting of lines in an absorption spectrum in the presence of a magnetic field. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > decomposition of light, spectrum > [noun] > effect involving magnetic field Zeeman effect1897 Paschen–Back effect1923 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > magnetism > [noun] > magnetic field > splitting effect Zeeman effect1897 Lorentz triplet1922 Paschen–Back effect1923 1897 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 5th Ser. 44 503 A theoretical analysis..can be developed in connexion with Zeeman's phenomenon, which may help to throw light on the nature of the electric vibrations in the molecule.] 1897 Abstr. Physical Papers Foreign Sources (Physical Soc.) 3 358 The rotation of the mica plate then showed at once the Zeeman effect as a displacement of one image with respect to the other. 1899 Sci. Abstr.: Physics & Electr. Engin. 2 167 The author does not agree..that the rotation of the plane of the vibrations is the principal cause of the appearance of light in the inverse Zeeman effect. 1913 Sci. Abstr. A. 16 591 (title) Anomalous Zeeman-effect of spectral lines of the D-type. 1962 Rep. Progress Physics 25 272 Using the Zeeman effect in spectral lines originating at high levels in the sun, he has been able to show that a flare is often accompanied by a drastic simplification of the local field. 1980 E. U. Condon & H. Odabaşi Atomic Struct. i. 14 All of these exceptional cases came to be called the anomalous Zeeman effect, although the exceptions soon proved to be much more numerous than the rule. 1994 Ye Shi-Hui Magn. Fields Celestial Bodies ii. 16 What we observe in astronomical spectra is mostly absorption lines superposed on continuous spectra, i.e. Fraunhofer lines. They display the so-called inverse Zeeman effect. 2009 B. D. Cullity & C. D. Graham Introd. Magn. Materials (ed. 2) ii. 88 The spin of the electron was postulated in 1925 in order to explain certain features of the optical spectra of hot gases, particularly gases subjected to a magnetic field (Zeeman effect). 2. attributive. Relating to, caused by, or utilizing the Zeeman effect, as Zeeman splitting. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > decomposition of light, spectrum > [adjective] > referring to discoveries by specific scientists Balmer1891 Zeeman1898 Pickering1914 Lyman1922 Brackett1930 1898 Astrophysical Jrnl. 8 45 The ‘outer lines’ of the Zeeman triplet show indications of complex structure. 1927 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 13 431 Each of the five hyper-fine structure lines has a triplet Zeeman pattern. 1962 W. B. Thompson Introd. Plasma Physics i. 3 There are several ways of inferring the existence of magnetic fields, of which the most direct is from a measurement of the Zeeman splitting of spectral lines. 1971 New Scientist 18 Feb. 381/1 When a nucleus is placed in a high magnetic field, each energy level splits into several sublevels known as magnetic sublevels or Zeeman levels. 2009 V. V. Protopopov Laser Heterodyning v. 243 Today, Zeeman lasers are available from two manufacturers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1897
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