administrationn.

Brit.

/ədˌmɪnᵻˈstreɪʃn/, U.S.

/ədˌmɪnəˈstreɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English administracioun, Middle English administracon, Middle English administracyone, Middle English admynistracioun, Middle English admynystracioun, Middle English admynystracyone, Middle English admynystracyoun, Middle English amministracion, Middle English–1500s adminystracion, Middle English–1500s admynistracion, Middle English–1500s admynistracyon, Middle English–1500s admynystracion, Middle English–1500s admynystracyon, Middle English–1500s admynystration, Middle English–1600s administracion, Middle English– administration, 1500s administracyon, 1500s administratione, 1500s administratioun, 1500s administratyon, 1500s adminystracyon, 1500s adminystration, 1500s adminystratyon, 1500s admynistration, 1500s admynistratyon, 1500s admynystratyon, 1700s administeration; Scottish pre-1700 administracion, pre-1700 administracione, pre-1700 administracioun, pre-1700 administracioune, pre-1700 administratione, pre-1700 administratioun, pre-1700 administratioune, pre-1700 admynystracion, pre-1700 1700s– administration.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French administration; Latin administrātiōn-, administrātiō.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman administracioun , Anglo-Norman and Middle French administracion, administration, aministracion, Middle French amministration (French administration ) action of taking care, looking after (late 12th cent. in Old French), action of managing, management (mid 13th cent.), management of another's estate, etc. (a1319 or earlier), right of executing (a will) (1319 or earlier), action of supplying or giving (1361; earlier as amenestraison in sense ‘portion served at table’, 11th cent. in Rashi), action of managing a polity, governance (1372), action of dispensing (justice) (a1403 or earlier), execution (of a will) (a1443 or earlier), action of dispensing (a sacrament) (1446), management of public affairs (1549), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin administrātiōn-, administrātiō operation, handling, means of carrying out, practical application, performance, conduct, management (of an operation), management, government (of a country or estate), administrative functions or services, official duties, in post-classical Latin also management and disposal of the estate of a deceased person (from 13th cent. in British sources), dispensing of sacraments (15th cent.; 1549 in a British source), application of a medicine or remedy (a1536 in Erasmus) < administrāt- , past participial stem of administrāre administer v. + -iō -ion suffix¹; compare -ation suffix. Compare Old Occitan aministracion, Catalan administració (1330), Spanish administración (mid 13th cent., also as aministracion), Portuguese administração (1331 as amenistraçom), Italian amministrazione (a1396), and also Middle Dutch amministrācie (Dutch administratie), Middle Low German administrācie, German Administration (1520).

1. The action, or (occasionally) an act, of administering or giving something to a person. Frequently with of.

a. Christian Church. The dispensing of a sacrament.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > [noun] > administering

administrationc1350

ministeringc1400

ministration1421

c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 56 Þe signe hys of þys sacrement [sc. holy orders] Þe bisschopes blessynge, Forþ myd þe admynystracioun Þat he deþ atte ord[r]ynge.

1468 in A. Clark Lincoln Diocese Documents (1914) 128 (MED) The said Churcheyerd was polluted and of administracion of all sacramentes and sacramentalles suspendid.

a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 70 Ȝif thou presume for to yeue thi administracion of absolucion withoute the resuscitacion of grace of God in-to the persone of the synful i-serued.

1534 G. Joye Subuersion Moris False Found. f. vij^v Y^e holy temple of God..whose vtwarde badges & markis to be known by, is..y^e dewe administracion of y^e holy sacraments.

1549 (title) The booke of the common prayer and administracion of the sacramentes, and other rites and ceremonies of the churche.

1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie 66 For the Administration of the Sacrament of Baptisme.

1699 H. Hody Some Thoughts Convocation 12 Christ has instituted and ordained a Succession of Pastors of his Flock, and committed certain proper Functions to them, such as..the Administration of the Sacraments.

1714 C. Mather Saviour with his Rainbow 12 We are minded of this Covenant..by the Administration of Baptism in our Congregations.

1798 Sun 20 Sept. The bread fruit has also been made use of in the administration of the Sacrament [in Otaheite].

1861 A. P. Stanley Lect. Eastern Church ii. 72 Reciting the Nicene creed..before the administration of the Eucharist.

1885 Cent. Mag. May 170/2 This part treats of the administration of baptism and the Lord's Supper, in connection with the love-feasts.

1911 C. H. Turner in H. M. Gwatkin & J. P. Whitney Cambr. Medieval Hist. I. vi. 158 It was the necessity of the regular administration of the Eucharist which dictated the commencements of the parochial system.

1962 L. Smith Salvatorians 7 The Salvatorians play their part in..the Mass and administration of the sacraments, as well as in the specialized tasks of educational and youth work.

2006 M. L. Martinello & S. P. Nesmith Search for Pedro's Story v. 123 The bride and groom join right hands for the priest's administration of the sacrament of matrimony.

b. The application of a medicine, drug, treatment, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > action of providing or supplying

usea1382

purveyancea1387

administration?a1425

application?a1425

ministration?a1425

purveying1442

findingc1449

administering1468

liveryc1475

storing1494

furnishing1496

nourishinga1530

ministering1530

conference1545

applial1548

affording1574

supplying1586

supplyment1589

accommodation1612

suppeditation1612

furniturea1649

supplial1738

purveyal1877

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [noun] > administration of treatment

administration?a1425

application?a1425

medicining?a1425

ministration?a1425

ministering1530

physicking1610

exhibiting1620

adhibition1654

exhibition1785

medicamenting1823

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 58 With administracioun [?c1425 Paris puttynge to; L. administratione] of al þe studie to þe hynder partie of þe heued & nucham.

a1486 in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1871) I. 321 (MED) Yif any administracion shulde be made to the appellaunt or to the defendaunt of mete or of drynke.

1533 T. Paynell tr. U. von Hutten De Morbo Gallico xi. f. 24 Myscheuous men..haue bene bolde to take vppon them many thynges of late about the administration of Guaiacum.

1597 P. Lowe Whole Course Chirurg. iv. ix. sig. K3^v Diaphenicon, Catholicon..& such like, for the administration of the which, you shall vse the counsell of the learned Physition.

1734 J. Forster Two Ess. 41 The Administration of Poison is inconsistent with our Happiness.

?1790 J. M. Adair Ess. Fashionable Dis. 80 They commonly take their report of the patient's case from an upper servant, to whom the administration of the remedy is intrusted.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth v, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 150 Compelled to sleep in spite of racking bodily pains, by the administration of a strong opiate.

1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 195 In poisoning by oxalic acid, the immediate administration of an antidote is of the utmost importance.

1935 Q. Rev. Biol. 10 348/1 The charms include singing, administration of herbal medicine, and application of sacred objects to the body.

1994 Sci. Amer. Apr. 58/2 Recent studies suggest that administration of two therapies together..is often more effective than using one by itself.

2010 G. R. Duncanson Vet. Treatm. Working Equines v. 51 This formulation is available in granular form for oral administration.

c. The offering of an oath for swearing; officiation at the swearing of an oath.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > vow or oath > vowing or administering an oath

swearinga1400

vowinga1400

devouation1428

avowingc1450

avowry1587

objuration1623

administration1625

nuncupation1625

nuncupating1679

swearinga1708

attestation1812

thumb-kissing1833

1625 T. Jackson Treat. Originall of Unbeliefe i. xxxv. 328 The vse and end of Images in Romish devotions, is altogether different from the vse or end of the booke in administration of oaths.

1673 H. More Appendix to Late Antidote 45 Kissing the Bible..in the administration of Oathes, which is in use amongst us.

1711 S. Walker Reformation of Manners iv. ii. 226 It does not indeed follow, that the Truth is intirely found out through the Administration of an Oath.

1787 J. Prestwich Respublica 18 After the administration of the oath, Mr. Manton..made and delivered a prayer.

1840 Cambr. Univ. Mag. 1 493 This speech was followed by..the administration of the oaths of allegiance and supremacy.

1905 Jrnl. Afr. Soc. 4 185 The administration of the oaths..is conducted with the greatest ceremony.

1989 J. L. Franklin Back to Birmingham vi. 176 The group suggested asking former mayors George Seibels and David Vann to stand with the mayor-elect during the administration of the oath of office.

2010 R. Whitlow Greater Love x. 150 The judge instructed all the admittees to rise for the administration of the oath.

†a. The right to perform a particular office; authority. Obsolete.In quot. c1384: office, calling.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > dueness or propriety > [noun] > right or moral entitlement

rightOE

claimc1330

administrationc1384

titlea1400

justice1596

appellation1641

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Cor. iv. 1 Therfore we hauynge this administracioun, or office [1526 Tyndale office; L. administrationem]..faylen not.

1399 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1399 1st Roll §59. m. 17 Thei..deposed yowe and pryved yowe of the astate of kyng, and..of alle the dignite and wyrsshippe, and of alle the administracioun that longed therto.

c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 9 (MED) I with holde to myself the execucioun, the vse, and the administracioun.

b. The performance of an office, duty, or function. Frequently (in later use always) with of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > carrying out > [noun]

workingOE

executionc1374

performinga1425

expedition1445

executing1480

administration1483

performancec1487

performation1504

handiworka1513

performent1527

dispatchment1529

depeaching1540

exploit1548

depeach?a1562

dispatchinga1564

dispatch1581

acting1598

outbearing1605

peraction1623

expediting1643

implement1754

solutiona1859

out-carrying1869

actuation1875

society > authority > office > [noun] > discharge of an office

ministration1466

administration1483

officiation1890

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > [noun] > performance of duty

acquittal1430

discharge1434

administration1483

feasance1528

payment1581

assoilment1649

acquittance1660

1483 W. Caxton tr. A. Chartier Curial sig. iij^v Thanguysshes that he hath suffred in admynystracion publycque [Fr. en administracion publicque, L. publicę administrationis].

1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Cor. xii. 5 Ther are differences of administracions [c1384 Wycliffite, E.V. seruyngis, 1582 Rheims ministrations, 1611 administrations], and yet but one lorde.

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Ded. sig. +iii^v We..se, how lyke ye are vnto the auncient Kynges and Princes,..in the moste rightfull and wholesome administracion of your highe Imperiall office.

1566 J. Craig et al. Let. 28 Dec. in Brieff Disc. Troubles Franckford (1574) p. ccxiiii The howre is vncerteine when the lorde Iesus shall appeere..and ye may geue an accoumpt off our administration.

1605 H. Broughton Certayne Questions 20 The ArchB. [i.e. Archbishop] was chief Pastor of the church of England; he being accursed, al his administration must needs be abominable.

1691 B. Keach Answer Mr. Marlow's App. 28 The End of those extraordinary Gifts..in the Administration of every Duty and Ordinance, was to confirm the ordinary practice of all those Ordinances.

1762 T. Smollett Adventures Sir Launcelot Greaves I. xi. 238 The justice..took all opportunities of holding forth..as well as in the administration of his office in private.

1770 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 618/2 In the administration of the duty of his office, he had sacrificed his duty to his resentment.

1834 T. Arnett Jrnl. (1884) 133 I..held a good and heart-melting meeting... The Lord's power was present to our humble administration.

1889 B. F. Perry Reminisc. II. 86 In the administration of his office, he was firm and impartial.

1920 W. F. Johnson Hist. Cuba III. xv. 275 The House of Representatives..preferred charges against him of having in the administration of his duties exceeded the powers which the Republic had conferred upon him.

1990 Amer. Anthropologist 92 663 I was..struck by the frequency with which the chief used force..in the administration of his duties.

a. The action of carrying out or overseeing the tasks necessary to run an organization, bring about a state of affairs, etc.; the process or activity of running a business, organization, etc.In later use frequently with the implication of being a supporting or subordinate component of a system (rather than directing or controlling it).

ΚΠ

?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) i. pr. iv. l. 280 Þerfore I..desiryng to put[te] furþe in execusioun and in acte of comune administracioun [L. publicae administrationis] þo þinges þat I hadde lerned.

?1435 in C. L. Kingsford Chrons. London (1905) 22 (MED) I Renounce..to the reule and governance off the same kyngdomes and Lordshipes, and to the admynystracion off hem.

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. App. i. 316 He consulit þame to creat x tribunis for þe administration of publik materis.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 3 Admynystratyon of the maters of the commyn wel.

1603 C. Heydon Def. Iudiciall Astrol. xii. 301 He resembleth them vnto good gouernours in a common wealth, that all ioyntly lend their helpe to the administration and ordering of the same.

1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 65 The administration of the Banks of Rivers is a part of the Regalia.

1734 J. Stacie tr. Abbé de Parthenay Hist. Poland I. i. 95 No Person shall be qualified for the Administration of the King's Houshold, who has not rendered great Services to the Crown.

1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. vi. 448 In him was vested the sovereign administration of the revenues.

1801 H. Wellesley in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 210 It is my intention to proceed immediately to vest the administration of the ceded districts in the hands of the Company's civil servants.

1851 ‘L. Mariotti’ Italy in 1848 i. 25 Salutary reforms in every branch of administration.

1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art i. 18 The principles which are right in the administration of a few fields, are right also in the administration of a great country.

1905 W. F. Barry Ernest Renan v. 132 A State which..degraded social service into mere administration.

1920 A. R. Orage in C. H. Douglas Credit Power & Democracy 152 The suggested regionalisation of the administration of the industry may be regarded as acceptable to the Miners' Federation.

1962 Rep. Comm. Broadcasting 1960 in Parl. Papers 1961–2 (Cmnd. 1753) IX. 259 Some witnesses alleged..that the BBC was ‘top-heavy’: that is, it spent too much on administration at the expense of programme production.

2000 Police Feb. 27/2 Stevens learned a lot about administration as staff officer to the then head of the CID.

b. The people within an organization who are responsible for this, considered collectively; the managing body or administrative department of an organization or business.

ΚΠ

1829 Polar Star 1 95/1 The administration can..put into general execution any improvement for which they may receive sufficient evidence.

1877 Trans. 4th Nat. Prison Congr. U.S. 211 The administration should always be possessed of the right to exercise a sort of conditional pardon.

1922 J. A. Lapp Econ. & Community v. 82 The main departments into which large business enterprises are organized are: Administration; Production; Employment; [etc.].

1983 T. J. Karamanski Fur Trade & Explor. (1988) iii. 49 Postmasters and interpreters functioned as noncommissioned officers, rounding out the company's administration.

2000 J. Lanchester Mr. Phillips 90 On balance I would favour a memo from Administration informing employees..that free access to stationery cupboards will one day become a thing of the past if unbridled consumption of office materials cannot be checked.

4. The action of executing or dispensing justice.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > carrying out > [noun] > of justice, etc.

administration1425

ministration1512

1425 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1425 §19. m. 7 To offre hem, on the kyngges behalve, administration of justice, swich as þe cas requireth to be doon unto hem þerynne by þe kyng.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. i. 20 He ought alleway thenke on the gouernement of the Royame and who hath thadmynystracion of Justice.

1545 S. Gardiner Let. 13 Nov. (1933) 186 Al such as dyd not adhere to that Counsayl..shuld not communicate in administracion of justice with those that adhere to the same.

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 v. ii. 75 In th'administration of his law.

1750 J. Mayhew Disc. Submission 26 If they [sc. magistrates] are partial in their administration of justice; then those who do well have as much reason to be afraid as those that do evil.

1860 Sat. Rev. 9 189/1 The blending of native consuetudinary law and English civil and criminal procedure in the administration of justice.

1913 Michigan Law Rev. 11 549 In the 19th century radical changes were made in the administration of equity and law.

1977 in M. Frayn Clouds i. iii. 19 I think you were just about to take a cigar, and tell me about ways of speeding up the administration of justice.

5. Law.

a. The management and disposal of a person's property, esp. the estate of a deceased or legally incapable person, in accordance with the terms of a will or by official appointment; legal authority to administer a person's property. letters of administration n. documents issued under certain circumstances (esp. intestacy) to appoint a particular person or persons to administer a deceased person's estate.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > [noun] > management or disposal of estate

ministrationc1390

administration1429

executory1496

executry1769

1429 Will in Trans. Essex Archæol. Soc. (1895) 5 306 (MED) To eche of myn executours that wol take upon hes administracion, C li.

a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 394 (MED) Nother his executours shold not have no admynystracion of his goodes, tille the forsaid Anneys were fully Isatisfyed.

1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xvi^v Yf he make none executours whan he entreth into relygyon, than the ordynary maye commyt the admynystracyon of his goodes to other as yf he were dede indeede.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 85 The prerogatyfe gyven to the same byschope of canterbury wherby he hath..the admynystratyon of intestate godys.

1641 Office & Dutie Executors i. 4 This minde and intention of the Intestate being notified and made knowne to the Judge, who is to commit Administration, is usually annexed to the Letters of Administration.

1660 J. Herne Law Charitable Uses 80 The Lady Billingsley, being..Administatrix unto Martin her first husband, made her Will,..and dyes, Administration of Martins goods, is committed unto others.

?1710 Squire Bickerstaff Detected 6 Once a Term she is cited into the Court, to take out Letters of Administration.

1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (ed. 2) II. 506 It is necessary for the ordinary to commit administration afresh, of the goods of the deceased not administred.

1820 tr. S. van Leeuwen Comm. Roman-Dutch Law i. xvi. 92 They may have the administration of the property of their children or grand-children, upon giving security.

1832 E. V. Williams Treat. Law Executors & Admin. II. iii. i. ii. 620 The acts of any one of them [sc. co-executors], in respect of the administration of the effects, are deemed to be the acts of all.

1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation ii. vii. 290 The court by which the probate or administration is granted.

1870 Forfeiture Act 33 & 34 Victoria c. 23 §18 All such property shall be preserved and held in trust by the said administrator..for the use and benefit of the said convict,..and the possession, administration and management thereof, shall re-vest in and be restored to such convict upon his ceasing to be subject to the operation of this Act.

1908 Austral. Law Times 16 May 237/1 No application had been made..for administration of her estate, as she did not die possessed of any real or personal property in Victoria.

1994 Accountancy Sept. 112/2 A beneficiary of a will can be a settlor of a trust by reason of varying the will in question during the period of administration of the estate.

b. spec. The control and direction of the property of an insolvent person or company, or (in later use) one at risk of becoming insolvent, esp. under the terms of an administration order; the state of being so managed. Cf. administration order n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > [noun] > bankruptcy > appointee administering property of bankrupt > specifically of a company > control or direction of

administration1832

1832 Coll. New-Hampsh. Hist. Soc. 3 173 Insolvent estates under administration, have paid an average of more than fifty per cent.

1846 Law Rep.: Chancery Cases 13 50 When you have determined what is the property of the bankrupt, the whole administration of it falls under the jurisdiction of the Court in Bankruptcy.

1883 Bankruptcy Act 46 & 47 Vict. c.52 §122 When a judgement has been obtained in a county court and the debtor is unable to pay the amount forthwith..the county court may make an order providing for the administration of his estate.

1909 Times 28 July 21/6 The Russian company having been put into administration, which was practically equivalent to an English receivership.

1982 Insolvency Law & Pract. (Rep. Rev. Committee) (Cmnd. 8558) ix. 122 An Administration, once confirmed, should continue until either: (a) a resolution has been passed for a Liquidation of Assets; or (b) the Court has made an order discharging the Administration Order or making a Protection Order.

1992 Economist 30 May 112/2 Companies can emerge from administration as going concerns.

2001 FourFourTwo Aug. 116/2 Chester were in dire straits, placed into administration following years of financial struggle under a series of unpopular chairmen.

a. The action of taking charge of the public affairs of a country, district, etc.; governance. Also: the fact of being governed by a specified nation, authority, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > [noun] > action or act of

ruling?c1225

governingc1384

governancec1400

government?c1400

gubernationc1450

regence?1457

regencya1475

subjectionc1475

regimenc1485

administration1516

signorizing1588

ministry1700

society > authority > rule or government > [noun] > by a person or body

rulea1393

government?c1400

administrationa1637

1516 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1516/7/1 All lawis excludis the said governor fra administracioun and governance.

?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth xxiii. f. xxx By peticion to desyre of the senatours the administracion of the kyngdome of Numidy.

1566 T. Becon New Postil i. f. 260^v His [sc. Christ's] kyngdom is not of this worlde, and..his administration shall not be after the maner of worldly kyngdomes.

a1637 B. Jonson Timber 106 in Wks. (1640) III When a Prince governs them, so as they have still need of his Administration..hee shall ever make, and hold them faithfull.

1681 H. Neville Plato Redivivus 79 All the difficulty in our Administration, hath been to regulate our own Nobility.

1702 H. Maxwell Anguis in Herba 60 Both the Kingdom, and the Provinces of Spain are intirely under the Administration of Versailles.

1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xlix. 184 The real injuries they received from every measure of your Grace's administration.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xix. 327 Under the energetic and prodigal administration of the first William Pitt, the debt rapidly swelled to a hundred and forty millions.

1929 A. Toynbee Surv. Internat. Affairs 1928 434 The zone..had reverted to Chinese administration in virtue of the Sino-Soviet Russian agreement of the 31st May 1924.

1981 L. B. Hall Álvaro Obregón vii. 96 His administration of the areas he controlled..established his reputation as the champion of the popular classes.

2003 S. Ward in A. M. Burton After Imperial Turn 47 Oxford graduates could no longer aspire to the administration of some far-flung outpost of greater Britain.

b. The position or fact of having charge of public affairs. In later use also (originally U.S.): the period of office of a particular president, governor, ministry, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun] > a particular government or the administration > period of office of

administration1796

1608 E. Grimeston tr. J. F. Le Petit Gen. Hist. Netherlands xiv. 1094 The administrator of Saxony, who during his administration would haue the opinion of Mathias Flaccus Illiricus and Iacobus Andraeas againe mayntained throughout all the territories of Saxony.

1670 tr. A. de Brunel Journey into Spain 20 The Duke of Olivares, during his administration, spent many Millions on a Structure that is not very considerable.

1709 J. Addison Let. 14 Dec. (1941) 197 I am afraid..it will be necessary to have Copys of the Office Books during his Lordships Administration.

1796 G. Washington in Deb. Congr. U.S. (1849) 17 Sept. iv. ii. 2880 In reviewing the incidents of my administration, I am unconscious of intentional error.

1812 G. Chalmers Hist. View Domest. Econ. Great Brit. & Ireland Pref. 9 The office of Inspector-General was greatly improved, and energized, during the first administration of Mr. Pitt.

1825 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Wks. (1859) I. 50 I resigned the administration at the end of my second year.

1839 Rep. Secretary of Treasury 15 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (26th Congr., 1st Sess.: Senate Doc. 2) I Losses appear to have occurred from defaults among officers in every ‘administration’ or presidential term from the formation of the present Government.

1853 J. Low in H. G. Briggs Nizam (1861) I. 389 They must render any material improvement in the management of this State almost hopeless during the administration of the present ministry.

1927 F. M. Thrasher Gang iv. xx. 437 A graft ring engaged in oil frauds during the Harding administration.

1971 New Scientist 25 Mar. 656/1 We may remember as the high spot of the Heath administration the end of the shortage of high-quality scientists entering schoolteaching.

2003 U.S. News & World Rep. 28 Apr. 4/1 Saddam Hussein's failure to account for disposal of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq for two successive U.S. administrations.

c. The executive part of the legislature; the body of individuals engaged in this; the government; (frequently) spec. the government which is in power at a particular time, or which is led or presided over by a particular individual.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun]

statea1538

governmenta1544

Gov.1587

Caesar1601

secularity1630

administration1649

govt.1705

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun] > a particular government or the administration

governmenta1544

administration1649

ministry1710

All the Virtues1869

1649 J. Owen Serm. preached to House of Commons 7 If..the present administration with sincere humiliation, doe not runne crosse to vnravell this close woven webb of destruction, all thoughts of recovery will quickly be too late.

1695 R. Ferguson Brief Acct. Incroachm. & Depredations of Dutch upon Eng. 43 May not this Treachery in the present Administration..cause us remember both the Memory of Queen Elizabeth and of Oliver Cromwel, with Commendations and Praises of their Conduct.

1725 D. Defoe Tour Great Brit. II. i. 175 This Office [sc. the Admiralty Office] is, perhaps, of the most Importance of any of the publick Parts of the Administration.

1783 W. Cowper Let. 24 Feb. (1981) II. 109 The deplorable condition of the Country, insisted on by the friends of Administration, and not denied by their adversaries.

1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. I. 17 Our Administration took alarm thereat.

1840 T. B. Macaulay Ld. Clive 84 A rapid succession of weak administrations..had held the semblance of power.

1855 Chambers's Jrnl. 24 Feb. 113/1 This Lord Milton was the acting sous-ministre for Scotland in the administration of Walpole.

1892 Rev. of Reviews 5 3/2 Administrations have tried by a snap dissolution..to capture a fresh majority.

1919 J. Willison Reminisc. vi. 157 As prospective Minister of Finance in a Liberal Administration he was perhaps naturally treated..as the authoritative interpreter of Liberal fiscal policy.

1984 Listener 22 Mar. 9/3 The counter-assertion that Mrs Thatcher's administration is committed to maintaining welfare expenditure.

2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 11 Oct. (Front section) 20/6 The administration had to devote the early part of September to trying to change public opinion.

a. The action or (now usually) an act of ministering or tending to someone; = ministration n. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > [noun] > action of serving

ministrationc1384

ministryc1384

servingc1400

tendinga1616

administration1676

ministering1828

1676 M. Hale Contempl. Moral & Divine i. 356 No man's condition is desperate so long as the Physician continues his administration.

1724 W. Cockburn Nature & Cures Fluxes (ed. 3) vii. 163 The Diarrhœa still continuing too powerful for his [sc. the doctor's] Administrations, and Mr. Vernon being extremely weak, I was advised with for him.

1758 E. Kimber Life Capt. Neville Frowde iii. 140 Thus he continued for near a Day and a half, when, by some Administrations of our excellent Surgeon, he came to himself.

1841 J. J. Gurney Jrnl. 15 Sept. in Mem. (1854) II. 290 My sister's gentle administrations were received with the greatest avidity.

1894 London Society June 623 The elder [brother]..was the first to succumb to the administrations of his faithful valet La Chaussée.

1921 Texas State Jrnl. Med. 17 43/1 The chiropractor had continued his administrations, giving an adjustment two days before the patient died.

2003 M. Flynn Wreck of River of Stars 144 Fife shivered under her touch and his body saluted her administrations.

b. The state or fact of ministering or attending to something; ministration, attendance.

ΚΠ

1722 T. Sharp Charity Serm. 21 Sustaining them a while with perishable Food..or other such transient Favours, in Administration to their bodily Necessities.

1785 A. Seward Let. 25 Mar. (1811) I. x. 43 The poetic essence consists..in that strength, and glow of the fancy, to which all the works of art and nature stand in prompt administration.

1838 E. Copley My Mother's Stories 249 His desire to be again attended by his ‘faithful nurse’..arose..from a preference for her administration to his bodily comforts.

1932 Parl. Deb. (Austral.) 134 1166/1 Those who..believe that the world's salvation..lies in the administration to our religious and spiritual needs.

1997 S. Fuller Science iv. 43 The public's willingness to exchange direct participation in the political process for the promise of expert administration to their basic needs.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

a. In sense 3. Recorded earliest in administration fee n.

ΚΠ

1735 in Rep. of Commissioners (House of Commons) (1824) I. 33 For drawing, registering and engrossing every limited or special administration pending a suit, special bond for the same, over and above the usual administration fees.

1818 Edinb. Mag. & Literary Misc. June 562/1 From which is to be deducted as follows: Administration charges, salaries, interest of the money in the bank.

1902 Ann. Rep. Board Publ. & Sabbath-school Work Presbyterian Church U.S. p. iii Not a cent of the church collection, therefore, was needed for administration expenses of any kind.

1936 Pop. Mech. 66 674/1 The motor court is..a collection of miniature homes clustered around a central service and administration building.

1997 Bakers' Rev. Sept. 69/1 Because our finance packages are funded in-house there are no banks involved and no administration charges at the beginning or end of the loan.

2002 A. Feenberg Transforming Technol. (rev. ed.) v. 124 These trends set a precedent for administration strategies that, many fear, are moving from deprofessionalization to deskilling.

b. In sense 6.

ΚΠ

1838 N.Y. Advert. & Express 7 Feb. 3/4 A Mr. Fletcher of Vermont, the only Administration member from the Green Mountain States [sic].

1878 Financier 6 Apr. 275/2 It seemed as if the administration officials were about to pay some attention to the startling revelations of corruption.

1907 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 21 535 Administration leaders appear to have been conscious of the questionability of Mr. Shaw's practice.

1951 Economist 10 Nov. 1109/1 He is against any ‘Me Too’ procedures, by which he means opposition acceptance of Administration policy at home or abroad.

2010 D. H. Mazur More Perfect Mil. vii. 113 Administration officials began casting about for ideas on how to avoid constitutional requirements in detaining and prosecuting suspected terrorists.

C2.

administration assistant n. a person employed to perform administrative duties; an administrative assistant, a secretary.In quot. 1904: an aide to a political administration.

ΚΠ

1904 Racine (Wisconsin) Weekly Jrnl. 10 May 3/1 The governor and his administration assistants convinced the masses that the principles set forth by the chief executive were the thing.

1918 Washington Post 1 July 1/2 A dispatch from the commandant at Taliaferro field, Hicks, Tex., to William de C. Ravenel, administration assistant of the National Museum.

1946 N.Y. Times 27 Oct. r19/1 (advt.) Administration assistant to personnel executive of prominent national organization;..experience & special training in personnel administration.

2008 in J. Pritchard Good Pract. in Safeguarding Adults xii. 248 The hospital was contacted and an administration assistant was extremely helpful in going through the archived records.

administration fee n. a fee charged to cover administrative costs incurred during a registration, transaction, etc.

ΚΠ

1735Administration fee [see Compounds 1a].

1840 Hartford (Connecticut) Daily Courant 12 Oct. 2/3 This does not, however, allow any thing for probate or administration fees and expenses.

1919 Jrnl. Accountancy June 424 Its operating expenses were covered by an administration fee of one per cent. which it charged buyers on the gross amount of each transaction, for its service.

2009 P. K. Drain et al. Caring for World 230 Academic centres may charge an administration fee, usually $100 to $500, to cover the cost of completing the necessary paperwork.

administration order n. Law a court order requiring the proper administration of the property of a deceased or bankrupt individual, insolvent company, etc.; (in later use also) British a court order under the terms of which an administrator is appointed to manage the affairs of a person or company at risk of insolvency; cf. administrator n. 1c.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > judgement or decision of court > decision in writing or court order > other court orders

restraining order1780

administration order1848

restraint order1883

fraud order1905

possession order1920

variation order1940

Anton Piller order1978

1848 J. A. Strobhart Rep. Court of Appeals S. Carolina 2 342 Whether, on a mere administration order, within the discretion of the Ordinary,..an appeal lies to the Court of Common Pleas.

1883 in R. Ringwood Princ. Bankruptcy (1884) xii. 136 Power for county court to make administration order instead of order for payment by instalments.

1908 A. R. Ingpen Conc. Treat. Law Executors & Administrators xxviii. 355 A decree for administration of assets is in the nature of a judgment for all creditors..and stops all proceedings... A creditor, however, who has obtained judgment against the executor before the administration order, will not be restrained from pursuing his remedy against the executor personally.

1935 N.Y. Suppl. 277 253 It may..be said that the complaint is defective for failure to allege a compliance by the plaintiff with Administration Order No. X-36, of May 26, 1934.

1982 Insolvency Law & Pract. (Rep. Rev. Committee) (Cmnd. 8558) ix. 122 An Administration..should continue until..the Court has made an order discharging the Administration Order or making a Protection Order.

1986 Insolvency Act c. 45 8 (1) If the court..is satisfied that a company is or is likely to become unable to pay its debts..the court may make an administration order in relation to the company.

2002 Daily Tel. 25 Mar. 36/1 Railtrack shareholders were left with the company's remaining assets—property, £373m in owed cash from an intercompany loan and the Channel Tunnel Rail Link—which were outside the administration order.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	administration
释义	administrationn. Brit. /ədˌmɪnᵻˈstreɪʃn/, U.S. /ədˌmɪnəˈstreɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English administracioun, Middle English administracon, Middle English administracyone, Middle English admynistracioun, Middle English admynystracioun, Middle English admynystracyone, Middle English admynystracyoun, Middle English amministracion, Middle English–1500s adminystracion, Middle English–1500s admynistracion, Middle English–1500s admynistracyon, Middle English–1500s admynystracion, Middle English–1500s admynystracyon, Middle English–1500s admynystration, Middle English–1600s administracion, Middle English– administration, 1500s administracyon, 1500s administratione, 1500s administratioun, 1500s administratyon, 1500s adminystracyon, 1500s adminystration, 1500s adminystratyon, 1500s admynistration, 1500s admynistratyon, 1500s admynystratyon, 1700s administeration; Scottish pre-1700 administracion, pre-1700 administracione, pre-1700 administracioun, pre-1700 administracioune, pre-1700 administratione, pre-1700 administratioun, pre-1700 administratioune, pre-1700 admynystracion, pre-1700 1700s– administration. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French administration; Latin administrātiōn-, administrātiō. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman administracioun , Anglo-Norman and Middle French administracion, administration, aministracion, Middle French amministration (French administration ) action of taking care, looking after (late 12th cent. in Old French), action of managing, management (mid 13th cent.), management of another's estate, etc. (a1319 or earlier), right of executing (a will) (1319 or earlier), action of supplying or giving (1361; earlier as amenestraison in sense ‘portion served at table’, 11th cent. in Rashi), action of managing a polity, governance (1372), action of dispensing (justice) (a1403 or earlier), execution (of a will) (a1443 or earlier), action of dispensing (a sacrament) (1446), management of public affairs (1549), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin administrātiōn-, administrātiō operation, handling, means of carrying out, practical application, performance, conduct, management (of an operation), management, government (of a country or estate), administrative functions or services, official duties, in post-classical Latin also management and disposal of the estate of a deceased person (from 13th cent. in British sources), dispensing of sacraments (15th cent.; 1549 in a British source), application of a medicine or remedy (a1536 in Erasmus) < administrāt- , past participial stem of administrāre administer v. + -iō -ion suffix¹; compare -ation suffix. Compare Old Occitan aministracion, Catalan administració (1330), Spanish administración (mid 13th cent., also as aministracion), Portuguese administração (1331 as amenistraçom), Italian amministrazione (a1396), and also Middle Dutch amministrācie (Dutch administratie), Middle Low German administrācie, German Administration (1520). 1. The action, or (occasionally) an act, of administering or giving something to a person. Frequently with of. a. Christian Church. The dispensing of a sacrament. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > [noun] > administering administrationc1350 ministeringc1400 ministration1421 c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 56 Þe signe hys of þys sacrement [sc. holy orders] Þe bisschopes blessynge, Forþ myd þe admynystracioun Þat he deþ atte ord[r]ynge. 1468 in A. Clark Lincoln Diocese Documents (1914) 128 (MED) The said Churcheyerd was polluted and of administracion of all sacramentes and sacramentalles suspendid. a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 70 Ȝif thou presume for to yeue thi administracion of absolucion withoute the resuscitacion of grace of God in-to the persone of the synful i-serued. 1534 G. Joye Subuersion Moris False Found. f. vij^v Y^e holy temple of God..whose vtwarde badges & markis to be known by, is..y^e dewe administracion of y^e holy sacraments. 1549 (title) The booke of the common prayer and administracion of the sacramentes, and other rites and ceremonies of the churche. 1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie 66 For the Administration of the Sacrament of Baptisme. 1699 H. Hody Some Thoughts Convocation 12 Christ has instituted and ordained a Succession of Pastors of his Flock, and committed certain proper Functions to them, such as..the Administration of the Sacraments. 1714 C. Mather Saviour with his Rainbow 12 We are minded of this Covenant..by the Administration of Baptism in our Congregations. 1798 Sun 20 Sept. The bread fruit has also been made use of in the administration of the Sacrament [in Otaheite]. 1861 A. P. Stanley Lect. Eastern Church ii. 72 Reciting the Nicene creed..before the administration of the Eucharist. 1885 Cent. Mag. May 170/2 This part treats of the administration of baptism and the Lord's Supper, in connection with the love-feasts. 1911 C. H. Turner in H. M. Gwatkin & J. P. Whitney Cambr. Medieval Hist. I. vi. 158 It was the necessity of the regular administration of the Eucharist which dictated the commencements of the parochial system. 1962 L. Smith Salvatorians 7 The Salvatorians play their part in..the Mass and administration of the sacraments, as well as in the specialized tasks of educational and youth work. 2006 M. L. Martinello & S. P. Nesmith Search for Pedro's Story v. 123 The bride and groom join right hands for the priest's administration of the sacrament of matrimony. b. The application of a medicine, drug, treatment, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > action of providing or supplying usea1382 purveyancea1387 administration?a1425 application?a1425 ministration?a1425 purveying1442 findingc1449 administering1468 liveryc1475 storing1494 furnishing1496 nourishinga1530 ministering1530 conference1545 applial1548 affording1574 supplying1586 supplyment1589 accommodation1612 suppeditation1612 furniturea1649 supplial1738 purveyal1877 the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [noun] > administration of treatment administration?a1425 application?a1425 medicining?a1425 ministration?a1425 ministering1530 physicking1610 exhibiting1620 adhibition1654 exhibition1785 medicamenting1823 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 58 With administracioun [?c1425 Paris puttynge to; L. administratione] of al þe studie to þe hynder partie of þe heued & nucham. a1486 in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1871) I. 321 (MED) Yif any administracion shulde be made to the appellaunt or to the defendaunt of mete or of drynke. 1533 T. Paynell tr. U. von Hutten De Morbo Gallico xi. f. 24 Myscheuous men..haue bene bolde to take vppon them many thynges of late about the administration of Guaiacum. 1597 P. Lowe Whole Course Chirurg. iv. ix. sig. K3^v Diaphenicon, Catholicon..& such like, for the administration of the which, you shall vse the counsell of the learned Physition. 1734 J. Forster Two Ess. 41 The Administration of Poison is inconsistent with our Happiness. ?1790 J. M. Adair Ess. Fashionable Dis. 80 They commonly take their report of the patient's case from an upper servant, to whom the administration of the remedy is intrusted. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth v, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 150 Compelled to sleep in spite of racking bodily pains, by the administration of a strong opiate. 1875 H. C. Wood Treat. Therapeutics (1879) 195 In poisoning by oxalic acid, the immediate administration of an antidote is of the utmost importance. 1935 Q. Rev. Biol. 10 348/1 The charms include singing, administration of herbal medicine, and application of sacred objects to the body. 1994 Sci. Amer. Apr. 58/2 Recent studies suggest that administration of two therapies together..is often more effective than using one by itself. 2010 G. R. Duncanson Vet. Treatm. Working Equines v. 51 This formulation is available in granular form for oral administration. c. The offering of an oath for swearing; officiation at the swearing of an oath. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > vow or oath > vowing or administering an oath swearinga1400 vowinga1400 devouation1428 avowingc1450 avowry1587 objuration1623 administration1625 nuncupation1625 nuncupating1679 swearinga1708 attestation1812 thumb-kissing1833 1625 T. Jackson Treat. Originall of Unbeliefe i. xxxv. 328 The vse and end of Images in Romish devotions, is altogether different from the vse or end of the booke in administration of oaths. 1673 H. More Appendix to Late Antidote 45 Kissing the Bible..in the administration of Oathes, which is in use amongst us. 1711 S. Walker Reformation of Manners iv. ii. 226 It does not indeed follow, that the Truth is intirely found out through the Administration of an Oath. 1787 J. Prestwich Respublica 18 After the administration of the oath, Mr. Manton..made and delivered a prayer. 1840 Cambr. Univ. Mag. 1 493 This speech was followed by..the administration of the oaths of allegiance and supremacy. 1905 Jrnl. Afr. Soc. 4 185 The administration of the oaths..is conducted with the greatest ceremony. 1989 J. L. Franklin Back to Birmingham vi. 176 The group suggested asking former mayors George Seibels and David Vann to stand with the mayor-elect during the administration of the oath of office. 2010 R. Whitlow Greater Love x. 150 The judge instructed all the admittees to rise for the administration of the oath. 2. †a. The right to perform a particular office; authority. Obsolete.In quot. c1384: office, calling. ΘΚΠ society > morality > dueness or propriety > [noun] > right or moral entitlement rightOE claimc1330 administrationc1384 titlea1400 justice1596 appellation1641 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Cor. iv. 1 Therfore we hauynge this administracioun, or office [1526 Tyndale office; L. administrationem]..faylen not. 1399 Rolls of Parl.: Henry IV (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1399 1st Roll §59. m. 17 Thei..deposed yowe and pryved yowe of the astate of kyng, and..of alle the dignite and wyrsshippe, and of alle the administracioun that longed therto. c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 9 (MED) I with holde to myself the execucioun, the vse, and the administracioun. b. The performance of an office, duty, or function. Frequently (in later use always) with of. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > carrying out > [noun] workingOE executionc1374 performinga1425 expedition1445 executing1480 administration1483 performancec1487 performation1504 handiworka1513 performent1527 dispatchment1529 depeaching1540 exploit1548 depeach?a1562 dispatchinga1564 dispatch1581 acting1598 outbearing1605 peraction1623 expediting1643 implement1754 solutiona1859 out-carrying1869 actuation1875 society > authority > office > [noun] > discharge of an office ministration1466 administration1483 officiation1890 society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > [noun] > performance of duty acquittal1430 discharge1434 administration1483 feasance1528 payment1581 assoilment1649 acquittance1660 1483 W. Caxton tr. A. Chartier Curial sig. iij^v Thanguysshes that he hath suffred in admynystracion publycque [Fr. en administracion publicque, L. publicę administrationis]. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Cor. xii. 5 Ther are differences of administracions [c1384 Wycliffite, E.V. seruyngis, 1582 Rheims ministrations, 1611 administrations], and yet but one lorde. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Ded. sig. +iii^v We..se, how lyke ye are vnto the auncient Kynges and Princes,..in the moste rightfull and wholesome administracion of your highe Imperiall office. 1566 J. Craig et al. Let. 28 Dec. in Brieff Disc. Troubles Franckford (1574) p. ccxiiii The howre is vncerteine when the lorde Iesus shall appeere..and ye may geue an accoumpt off our administration. 1605 H. Broughton Certayne Questions 20 The ArchB. [i.e. Archbishop] was chief Pastor of the church of England; he being accursed, al his administration must needs be abominable. 1691 B. Keach Answer Mr. Marlow's App. 28 The End of those extraordinary Gifts..in the Administration of every Duty and Ordinance, was to confirm the ordinary practice of all those Ordinances. 1762 T. Smollett Adventures Sir Launcelot Greaves I. xi. 238 The justice..took all opportunities of holding forth..as well as in the administration of his office in private. 1770 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 618/2 In the administration of the duty of his office, he had sacrificed his duty to his resentment. 1834 T. Arnett Jrnl. (1884) 133 I..held a good and heart-melting meeting... The Lord's power was present to our humble administration. 1889 B. F. Perry Reminisc. II. 86 In the administration of his office, he was firm and impartial. 1920 W. F. Johnson Hist. Cuba III. xv. 275 The House of Representatives..preferred charges against him of having in the administration of his duties exceeded the powers which the Republic had conferred upon him. 1990 Amer. Anthropologist 92 663 I was..struck by the frequency with which the chief used force..in the administration of his duties. 3. a. The action of carrying out or overseeing the tasks necessary to run an organization, bring about a state of affairs, etc.; the process or activity of running a business, organization, etc.In later use frequently with the implication of being a supporting or subordinate component of a system (rather than directing or controlling it). ΚΠ ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) i. pr. iv. l. 280 Þerfore I..desiryng to put[te] furþe in execusioun and in acte of comune administracioun [L. publicae administrationis] þo þinges þat I hadde lerned. ?1435 in C. L. Kingsford Chrons. London (1905) 22 (MED) I Renounce..to the reule and governance off the same kyngdomes and Lordshipes, and to the admynystracion off hem. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. App. i. 316 He consulit þame to creat x tribunis for þe administration of publik materis. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 3 Admynystratyon of the maters of the commyn wel. 1603 C. Heydon Def. Iudiciall Astrol. xii. 301 He resembleth them vnto good gouernours in a common wealth, that all ioyntly lend their helpe to the administration and ordering of the same. 1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 65 The administration of the Banks of Rivers is a part of the Regalia. 1734 J. Stacie tr. Abbé de Parthenay Hist. Poland I. i. 95 No Person shall be qualified for the Administration of the King's Houshold, who has not rendered great Services to the Crown. 1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. vi. 448 In him was vested the sovereign administration of the revenues. 1801 H. Wellesley in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 210 It is my intention to proceed immediately to vest the administration of the ceded districts in the hands of the Company's civil servants. 1851 ‘L. Mariotti’ Italy in 1848 i. 25 Salutary reforms in every branch of administration. 1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art i. 18 The principles which are right in the administration of a few fields, are right also in the administration of a great country. 1905 W. F. Barry Ernest Renan v. 132 A State which..degraded social service into mere administration. 1920 A. R. Orage in C. H. Douglas Credit Power & Democracy 152 The suggested regionalisation of the administration of the industry may be regarded as acceptable to the Miners' Federation. 1962 Rep. Comm. Broadcasting 1960 in Parl. Papers 1961–2 (Cmnd. 1753) IX. 259 Some witnesses alleged..that the BBC was ‘top-heavy’: that is, it spent too much on administration at the expense of programme production. 2000 Police Feb. 27/2 Stevens learned a lot about administration as staff officer to the then head of the CID. b. The people within an organization who are responsible for this, considered collectively; the managing body or administrative department of an organization or business. ΚΠ 1829 Polar Star 1 95/1 The administration can..put into general execution any improvement for which they may receive sufficient evidence. 1877 Trans. 4th Nat. Prison Congr. U.S. 211 The administration should always be possessed of the right to exercise a sort of conditional pardon. 1922 J. A. Lapp Econ. & Community v. 82 The main departments into which large business enterprises are organized are: Administration; Production; Employment; [etc.]. 1983 T. J. Karamanski Fur Trade & Explor. (1988) iii. 49 Postmasters and interpreters functioned as noncommissioned officers, rounding out the company's administration. 2000 J. Lanchester Mr. Phillips 90 On balance I would favour a memo from Administration informing employees..that free access to stationery cupboards will one day become a thing of the past if unbridled consumption of office materials cannot be checked. 4. The action of executing or dispensing justice. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > carrying out > [noun] > of justice, etc. administration1425 ministration1512 1425 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1425 §19. m. 7 To offre hem, on the kyngges behalve, administration of justice, swich as þe cas requireth to be doon unto hem þerynne by þe kyng. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) ii. i. 20 He ought alleway thenke on the gouernement of the Royame and who hath thadmynystracion of Justice. 1545 S. Gardiner Let. 13 Nov. (1933) 186 Al such as dyd not adhere to that Counsayl..shuld not communicate in administracion of justice with those that adhere to the same. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 v. ii. 75 In th'administration of his law. View more context for this quotation 1750 J. Mayhew Disc. Submission 26 If they [sc. magistrates] are partial in their administration of justice; then those who do well have as much reason to be afraid as those that do evil. 1860 Sat. Rev. 9 189/1 The blending of native consuetudinary law and English civil and criminal procedure in the administration of justice. 1913 Michigan Law Rev. 11 549 In the 19th century radical changes were made in the administration of equity and law. 1977 in M. Frayn Clouds i. iii. 19 I think you were just about to take a cigar, and tell me about ways of speeding up the administration of justice. 5. Law. a. The management and disposal of a person's property, esp. the estate of a deceased or legally incapable person, in accordance with the terms of a will or by official appointment; legal authority to administer a person's property. letters of administration n. documents issued under certain circumstances (esp. intestacy) to appoint a particular person or persons to administer a deceased person's estate. ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > [noun] > management or disposal of estate ministrationc1390 administration1429 executory1496 executry1769 1429 Will in Trans. Essex Archæol. Soc. (1895) 5 306 (MED) To eche of myn executours that wol take upon hes administracion, C li. a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 394 (MED) Nother his executours shold not have no admynystracion of his goodes, tille the forsaid Anneys were fully Isatisfyed. 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton Tenures (new ed.) f. xvi^v Yf he make none executours whan he entreth into relygyon, than the ordynary maye commyt the admynystracyon of his goodes to other as yf he were dede indeede. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 85 The prerogatyfe gyven to the same byschope of canterbury wherby he hath..the admynystratyon of intestate godys. 1641 Office & Dutie Executors i. 4 This minde and intention of the Intestate being notified and made knowne to the Judge, who is to commit Administration, is usually annexed to the Letters of Administration. 1660 J. Herne Law Charitable Uses 80 The Lady Billingsley, being..Administatrix unto Martin her first husband, made her Will,..and dyes, Administration of Martins goods, is committed unto others. ?1710 Squire Bickerstaff Detected 6 Once a Term she is cited into the Court, to take out Letters of Administration. 1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (ed. 2) II. 506 It is necessary for the ordinary to commit administration afresh, of the goods of the deceased not administred. 1820 tr. S. van Leeuwen Comm. Roman-Dutch Law i. xvi. 92 They may have the administration of the property of their children or grand-children, upon giving security. 1832 E. V. Williams Treat. Law Executors & Admin. II. iii. i. ii. 620 The acts of any one of them [sc. co-executors], in respect of the administration of the effects, are deemed to be the acts of all. 1845 J. R. McCulloch Treat. Taxation ii. vii. 290 The court by which the probate or administration is granted. 1870 Forfeiture Act 33 & 34 Victoria c. 23 §18 All such property shall be preserved and held in trust by the said administrator..for the use and benefit of the said convict,..and the possession, administration and management thereof, shall re-vest in and be restored to such convict upon his ceasing to be subject to the operation of this Act. 1908 Austral. Law Times 16 May 237/1 No application had been made..for administration of her estate, as she did not die possessed of any real or personal property in Victoria. 1994 Accountancy Sept. 112/2 A beneficiary of a will can be a settlor of a trust by reason of varying the will in question during the period of administration of the estate. b. spec. The control and direction of the property of an insolvent person or company, or (in later use) one at risk of becoming insolvent, esp. under the terms of an administration order; the state of being so managed. Cf. administration order n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > [noun] > bankruptcy > appointee administering property of bankrupt > specifically of a company > control or direction of administration1832 1832 Coll. New-Hampsh. Hist. Soc. 3 173 Insolvent estates under administration, have paid an average of more than fifty per cent. 1846 Law Rep.: Chancery Cases 13 50 When you have determined what is the property of the bankrupt, the whole administration of it falls under the jurisdiction of the Court in Bankruptcy. 1883 Bankruptcy Act 46 & 47 Vict. c.52 §122 When a judgement has been obtained in a county court and the debtor is unable to pay the amount forthwith..the county court may make an order providing for the administration of his estate. 1909 Times 28 July 21/6 The Russian company having been put into administration, which was practically equivalent to an English receivership. 1982 Insolvency Law & Pract. (Rep. Rev. Committee) (Cmnd. 8558) ix. 122 An Administration, once confirmed, should continue until either: (a) a resolution has been passed for a Liquidation of Assets; or (b) the Court has made an order discharging the Administration Order or making a Protection Order. 1992 Economist 30 May 112/2 Companies can emerge from administration as going concerns. 2001 FourFourTwo Aug. 116/2 Chester were in dire straits, placed into administration following years of financial struggle under a series of unpopular chairmen. 6. a. The action of taking charge of the public affairs of a country, district, etc.; governance. Also: the fact of being governed by a specified nation, authority, etc. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > [noun] > action or act of ruling?c1225 governingc1384 governancec1400 government?c1400 gubernationc1450 regence?1457 regencya1475 subjectionc1475 regimenc1485 administration1516 signorizing1588 ministry1700 society > authority > rule or government > [noun] > by a person or body rulea1393 government?c1400 administrationa1637 1516 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1516/7/1 All lawis excludis the said governor fra administracioun and governance. ?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth xxiii. f. xxx By peticion to desyre of the senatours the administracion of the kyngdome of Numidy. 1566 T. Becon New Postil i. f. 260^v His [sc. Christ's] kyngdom is not of this worlde, and..his administration shall not be after the maner of worldly kyngdomes. a1637 B. Jonson Timber 106 in Wks. (1640) III When a Prince governs them, so as they have still need of his Administration..hee shall ever make, and hold them faithfull. 1681 H. Neville Plato Redivivus 79 All the difficulty in our Administration, hath been to regulate our own Nobility. 1702 H. Maxwell Anguis in Herba 60 Both the Kingdom, and the Provinces of Spain are intirely under the Administration of Versailles. 1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xlix. 184 The real injuries they received from every measure of your Grace's administration. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xix. 327 Under the energetic and prodigal administration of the first William Pitt, the debt rapidly swelled to a hundred and forty millions. 1929 A. Toynbee Surv. Internat. Affairs 1928 434 The zone..had reverted to Chinese administration in virtue of the Sino-Soviet Russian agreement of the 31st May 1924. 1981 L. B. Hall Álvaro Obregón vii. 96 His administration of the areas he controlled..established his reputation as the champion of the popular classes. 2003 S. Ward in A. M. Burton After Imperial Turn 47 Oxford graduates could no longer aspire to the administration of some far-flung outpost of greater Britain. b. The position or fact of having charge of public affairs. In later use also (originally U.S.): the period of office of a particular president, governor, ministry, etc. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun] > a particular government or the administration > period of office of administration1796 1608 E. Grimeston tr. J. F. Le Petit Gen. Hist. Netherlands xiv. 1094 The administrator of Saxony, who during his administration would haue the opinion of Mathias Flaccus Illiricus and Iacobus Andraeas againe mayntained throughout all the territories of Saxony. 1670 tr. A. de Brunel Journey into Spain 20 The Duke of Olivares, during his administration, spent many Millions on a Structure that is not very considerable. 1709 J. Addison Let. 14 Dec. (1941) 197 I am afraid..it will be necessary to have Copys of the Office Books during his Lordships Administration. 1796 G. Washington in Deb. Congr. U.S. (1849) 17 Sept. iv. ii. 2880 In reviewing the incidents of my administration, I am unconscious of intentional error. 1812 G. Chalmers Hist. View Domest. Econ. Great Brit. & Ireland Pref. 9 The office of Inspector-General was greatly improved, and energized, during the first administration of Mr. Pitt. 1825 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Wks. (1859) I. 50 I resigned the administration at the end of my second year. 1839 Rep. Secretary of Treasury 15 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (26th Congr., 1st Sess.: Senate Doc. 2) I Losses appear to have occurred from defaults among officers in every ‘administration’ or presidential term from the formation of the present Government. 1853 J. Low in H. G. Briggs Nizam (1861) I. 389 They must render any material improvement in the management of this State almost hopeless during the administration of the present ministry. 1927 F. M. Thrasher Gang iv. xx. 437 A graft ring engaged in oil frauds during the Harding administration. 1971 New Scientist 25 Mar. 656/1 We may remember as the high spot of the Heath administration the end of the shortage of high-quality scientists entering schoolteaching. 2003 U.S. News & World Rep. 28 Apr. 4/1 Saddam Hussein's failure to account for disposal of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq for two successive U.S. administrations. c. The executive part of the legislature; the body of individuals engaged in this; the government; (frequently) spec. the government which is in power at a particular time, or which is led or presided over by a particular individual. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun] statea1538 governmenta1544 Gov.1587 Caesar1601 secularity1630 administration1649 govt.1705 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > [noun] > a particular government or the administration governmenta1544 administration1649 ministry1710 All the Virtues1869 1649 J. Owen Serm. preached to House of Commons 7 If..the present administration with sincere humiliation, doe not runne crosse to vnravell this close woven webb of destruction, all thoughts of recovery will quickly be too late. 1695 R. Ferguson Brief Acct. Incroachm. & Depredations of Dutch upon Eng. 43 May not this Treachery in the present Administration..cause us remember both the Memory of Queen Elizabeth and of Oliver Cromwel, with Commendations and Praises of their Conduct. 1725 D. Defoe Tour Great Brit. II. i. 175 This Office [sc. the Admiralty Office] is, perhaps, of the most Importance of any of the publick Parts of the Administration. 1783 W. Cowper Let. 24 Feb. (1981) II. 109 The deplorable condition of the Country, insisted on by the friends of Administration, and not denied by their adversaries. 1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. I. 17 Our Administration took alarm thereat. 1840 T. B. Macaulay Ld. Clive 84 A rapid succession of weak administrations..had held the semblance of power. 1855 Chambers's Jrnl. 24 Feb. 113/1 This Lord Milton was the acting sous-ministre for Scotland in the administration of Walpole. 1892 Rev. of Reviews 5 3/2 Administrations have tried by a snap dissolution..to capture a fresh majority. 1919 J. Willison Reminisc. vi. 157 As prospective Minister of Finance in a Liberal Administration he was perhaps naturally treated..as the authoritative interpreter of Liberal fiscal policy. 1984 Listener 22 Mar. 9/3 The counter-assertion that Mrs Thatcher's administration is committed to maintaining welfare expenditure. 2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 11 Oct. (Front section) 20/6 The administration had to devote the early part of September to trying to change public opinion. 7. a. The action or (now usually) an act of ministering or tending to someone; = ministration n. 1a. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > [noun] > action of serving ministrationc1384 ministryc1384 servingc1400 tendinga1616 administration1676 ministering1828 1676 M. Hale Contempl. Moral & Divine i. 356 No man's condition is desperate so long as the Physician continues his administration. 1724 W. Cockburn Nature & Cures Fluxes (ed. 3) vii. 163 The Diarrhœa still continuing too powerful for his [sc. the doctor's] Administrations, and Mr. Vernon being extremely weak, I was advised with for him. 1758 E. Kimber Life Capt. Neville Frowde iii. 140 Thus he continued for near a Day and a half, when, by some Administrations of our excellent Surgeon, he came to himself. 1841 J. J. Gurney Jrnl. 15 Sept. in Mem. (1854) II. 290 My sister's gentle administrations were received with the greatest avidity. 1894 London Society June 623 The elder [brother]..was the first to succumb to the administrations of his faithful valet La Chaussée. 1921 Texas State Jrnl. Med. 17 43/1 The chiropractor had continued his administrations, giving an adjustment two days before the patient died. 2003 M. Flynn Wreck of River of Stars 144 Fife shivered under her touch and his body saluted her administrations. b. The state or fact of ministering or attending to something; ministration, attendance. ΚΠ 1722 T. Sharp Charity Serm. 21 Sustaining them a while with perishable Food..or other such transient Favours, in Administration to their bodily Necessities. 1785 A. Seward Let. 25 Mar. (1811) I. x. 43 The poetic essence consists..in that strength, and glow of the fancy, to which all the works of art and nature stand in prompt administration. 1838 E. Copley My Mother's Stories 249 His desire to be again attended by his ‘faithful nurse’..arose..from a preference for her administration to his bodily comforts. 1932 Parl. Deb. (Austral.) 134 1166/1 Those who..believe that the world's salvation..lies in the administration to our religious and spiritual needs. 1997 S. Fuller Science iv. 43 The public's willingness to exchange direct participation in the political process for the promise of expert administration to their basic needs. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. In sense 3. Recorded earliest in administration fee n. ΚΠ 1735 in Rep. of Commissioners (House of Commons) (1824) I. 33 For drawing, registering and engrossing every limited or special administration pending a suit, special bond for the same, over and above the usual administration fees. 1818 Edinb. Mag. & Literary Misc. June 562/1 From which is to be deducted as follows: Administration charges, salaries, interest of the money in the bank. 1902 Ann. Rep. Board Publ. & Sabbath-school Work Presbyterian Church U.S. p. iii Not a cent of the church collection, therefore, was needed for administration expenses of any kind. 1936 Pop. Mech. 66 674/1 The motor court is..a collection of miniature homes clustered around a central service and administration building. 1997 Bakers' Rev. Sept. 69/1 Because our finance packages are funded in-house there are no banks involved and no administration charges at the beginning or end of the loan. 2002 A. Feenberg Transforming Technol. (rev. ed.) v. 124 These trends set a precedent for administration strategies that, many fear, are moving from deprofessionalization to deskilling. b. In sense 6. ΚΠ 1838 N.Y. Advert. & Express 7 Feb. 3/4 A Mr. Fletcher of Vermont, the only Administration member from the Green Mountain States [sic]. 1878 Financier 6 Apr. 275/2 It seemed as if the administration officials were about to pay some attention to the startling revelations of corruption. 1907 Q. Jrnl. Econ. 21 535 Administration leaders appear to have been conscious of the questionability of Mr. Shaw's practice. 1951 Economist 10 Nov. 1109/1 He is against any ‘Me Too’ procedures, by which he means opposition acceptance of Administration policy at home or abroad. 2010 D. H. Mazur More Perfect Mil. vii. 113 Administration officials began casting about for ideas on how to avoid constitutional requirements in detaining and prosecuting suspected terrorists. C2. administration assistant n. a person employed to perform administrative duties; an administrative assistant, a secretary.In quot. 1904: an aide to a political administration. ΚΠ 1904 Racine (Wisconsin) Weekly Jrnl. 10 May 3/1 The governor and his administration assistants convinced the masses that the principles set forth by the chief executive were the thing. 1918 Washington Post 1 July 1/2 A dispatch from the commandant at Taliaferro field, Hicks, Tex., to William de C. Ravenel, administration assistant of the National Museum. 1946 N.Y. Times 27 Oct. r19/1 (advt.) Administration assistant to personnel executive of prominent national organization;..experience & special training in personnel administration. 2008 in J. Pritchard Good Pract. in Safeguarding Adults xii. 248 The hospital was contacted and an administration assistant was extremely helpful in going through the archived records. administration fee n. a fee charged to cover administrative costs incurred during a registration, transaction, etc. ΚΠ 1735Administration fee [see Compounds 1a]. 1840 Hartford (Connecticut) Daily Courant 12 Oct. 2/3 This does not, however, allow any thing for probate or administration fees and expenses. 1919 Jrnl. Accountancy June 424 Its operating expenses were covered by an administration fee of one per cent. which it charged buyers on the gross amount of each transaction, for its service. 2009 P. K. Drain et al. Caring for World 230 Academic centres may charge an administration fee, usually $100 to $500, to cover the cost of completing the necessary paperwork. administration order n. Law a court order requiring the proper administration of the property of a deceased or bankrupt individual, insolvent company, etc.; (in later use also) British a court order under the terms of which an administrator is appointed to manage the affairs of a person or company at risk of insolvency; cf. administrator n. 1c. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > judgement or decision of court > decision in writing or court order > other court orders restraining order1780 administration order1848 restraint order1883 fraud order1905 possession order1920 variation order1940 Anton Piller order1978 1848 J. A. Strobhart Rep. Court of Appeals S. Carolina 2 342 Whether, on a mere administration order, within the discretion of the Ordinary,..an appeal lies to the Court of Common Pleas. 1883 in R. Ringwood Princ. Bankruptcy (1884) xii. 136 Power for county court to make administration order instead of order for payment by instalments. 1908 A. R. Ingpen Conc. Treat. Law Executors & Administrators xxviii. 355 A decree for administration of assets is in the nature of a judgment for all creditors..and stops all proceedings... A creditor, however, who has obtained judgment against the executor before the administration order, will not be restrained from pursuing his remedy against the executor personally. 1935 N.Y. Suppl. 277 253 It may..be said that the complaint is defective for failure to allege a compliance by the plaintiff with Administration Order No. X-36, of May 26, 1934. 1982 Insolvency Law & Pract. (Rep. Rev. Committee) (Cmnd. 8558) ix. 122 An Administration..should continue until..the Court has made an order discharging the Administration Order or making a Protection Order. 1986 Insolvency Act c. 45 8 (1) If the court..is satisfied that a company is or is likely to become unable to pay its debts..the court may make an administration order in relation to the company. 2002 Daily Tel. 25 Mar. 36/1 Railtrack shareholders were left with the company's remaining assets—property, £373m in owed cash from an intercompany loan and the Channel Tunnel Rail Link—which were outside the administration order. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1350
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