† whonn.adj.

Forms: Old English hwon, huon, Middle English whon, wan, Middle English qu(h)on(e, Middle English–1500s quhoyn(e.

Etymology: Old English hwón , the instrumental case of which, hwéne , is represented by wheen adj. and n. After c1200 the word is exclusively northern.

Obsolete.

a. Few, a few. Construed in Old English (i) as a noun or an adverb with dependent genitive, (ii) as an adjective (indeclinable), in Middle English as an adjective and absolute, (iii) as an adverb = a little, a little while (see b, c).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > plurality > fewness > [adjective]

feweOE

whonc950

litea1000

littleOE

petitc1390

wheenc1400

sobera1535

slim1852

the world > relative properties > number > plurality > fewness > [noun] > few, not many

whonc950

liteOE

fewOE

wheenc1400

penny number1845

c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark p. 3/18 De septem panibus et paucis pisciculis, of seofa hlafum & hwon lytle fiscas.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 32 Genim pipor..& hwon sealt.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 32 Do huniges hwon to.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 19782 He bad þa men be all vte-done, þat in þat hus left bot a quone [Vesp. a fon].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19495 O quoner þan o thre, Mai na biscop sacrid be.

c1480 (a1400) St. Alexis 265 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 448 Certis, now are fundine quhon þat in þat manere wald haf done.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) xi. 49 We ar quhoyne [1487 St. John's Cambr. Qwheyn] agayne sa fele.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid x. i. 38 A few wordis on this wys Jupiter said. Bot nocht in quhoyn wordis him answer maid The fresch goldyn Venus.

b. na whon (= Old English náteshwón, ná tó þæs hwón), not at all.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [phrase] > nothing, no one, not any > not at all

na whonc1275

at all1476

no point1542

like hell1776

not‥a speck1843

not‥a hang1861

my fanny1935

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6590 Nusten þa Bruttes na whon [c1300 Otho non] whæt Vortiger hæfde idon.

c. a litel wan (= Old English lýthwón): a little while.

ΘΠ

the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > [adverb]

short whilec897

littleOE

awhileOE

littlec1175

a litel wanc1200

a while1297

while?a1505

till soona1529

for a moment1593

for a moment1611

short1611

for a flash1625

momentally1646

momentarily1655

for a sudden1688

shortly1809

momently1827

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 69 Þole me louerd alitelwan þat ich bimurne mi sor, er ich wite to þe þestere wunienge.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1924; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† whonpron.

Forms:

α. early Old English huan, Old English hon (Anglian, in a compound), Old English huon (Northumbrian), Old English hwann, Old English won, Old English–early Middle English hwan, Old English–early Middle English hwon, late Old English (Kentish)–early Middle English wan, early Middle English whan, early Middle English whon.

β. late Old English hwæn (Kentish), late Old English (Kentish)–early Middle English hwen.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: An instrumental form corresponding to the neuter interrogative pronoun what pron., and ultimately formed from the same Indo-European stem; formally similar to when adv. and its cognates in other Germanic languages (compare especially Old Saxon hwan and Gothic hwan), although the precise relationship is unclear.Formal and semantic overlap with whom pron. Already in Old English sometimes difficult to distinguish from phonologically reduced forms of Old English neuter dative hwām (see whom pron.), which overlaps with it in use after prepositions, especially in uses of for hwām . The use of Old English instrumental hwon , which is always neuter, is functionally more restricted than neuter dative hwām ; already in Old English hwon occurs only in phrases with prepositions. Compare the wider range of use of Old English hwȳ , the alternative form of the neuter instrumental (see why adv. and for why adv.). In early Middle English the reflexes of hwon are formally indistinguishable from the β. forms at whom pron. and the dative and instrumental are no longer distinct as case forms. However, the tendency in Middle English to restrict whom pron. in other functions to use with reference to persons supports interpretation of the uses covered below as functionally continuing Old English hwon . Sense 2 covers uses as nominal relative, especially in prepositional phrases which function as equivalent to a conjunction. Comparable Middle English relative uses with nominal or pronominal antecedents are covered at whom pron. (see whom pron. 8b and 9b), as they are not likely to have developed from uses of Old English hwon . However, such early Middle English clauses can occasionally be ambiguous and their precise sense uncertain. Compare further the discussion of use with reference to things at whom pron. The β forms. The β. forms are perhaps after other case forms of Old English hwā with stem vowel æ (e.g. hwæt ) or ǣ (hwǣm ), but they may reflect the influence of γ. forms at when adv., conj., pron., int., and n.

Obsolete.

1. As interrogative pronoun (originally of neuter gender), as object of a preposition: what, which. for whon: for what reason, why. Cf. for why adv. to whon to what end, why.

OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. vi. 31 Dicentes..quid bibemus aut quo operiemur : gecueðas..huæt we gedrince uel of huon we biðon wrigen.

OE Guthlac A 273 Bi hwon scealt þu lifgan, þeah þu lond age?

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1340 Maidene Castel he wes icleoped nat ich for wan it was swa idon.

a1300 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Jesus Oxf.) (1935) 716 Wostu to hwan mon wes i bore? To þare blisse of heueryche.

a1300 Passion our Lord 567 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 53 Vre louerd hire gon axi, for hwi and for hwan Wepestu?

2. As nominal relative pronoun, as object of a preposition: what, which. for whon: because; on account of which, wherefore. Cf. for why adv. 3, for why conj. 1. for whon that: because, since; so long as, if. Cf. that conj. 7b.In quot. a1200 after the verb have in mid whon: the means with which, wherewithal. Cf. what pron. 8.

eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. xxi. 248 He eac swylce þær on þæm gewrite gemyndgade bi þæs Wigheardes deaðe, þæt heo swiðe geunrotsade wæron, forhwon he þær forðferan scolde.

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1104 Syððan he afaren wes he wið þone cyng geworhte, forhwan hine se cyng ealles benæmde & belænde þæs þe he her on lande hæfde.

a1200 (?OE) MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 191 Þe ne hauen mid hwan hie hem werien.

c1225 (?c1200) Sawles Warde (Bodl.) (1938) 4 Ne bið neauer his hus for þeos hinen wel iwist for hwon þet he slepe oðer ohwider from hame, þet is hwen mon forȝet his wit.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 139 Hwen ȝe neh ow feleð him for hwon [?c1225 Cleo. for hwen] þet ȝe habben hardi bileaue, nulle ȝe bute lahhen him lude to bismere.

a1300 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Jesus Oxf.) (1935) l. 453 (MED) Hwenne is ido for hwan [c1275 Calig. wan] ich com, Ich vare ayeyn.

a1300 Passion our Lord l. 38 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 38 (MED) Ga abak sathanas, to hwan artu ycume.

3. In indefinite use: something, anything. Cf. what pron. 7.

a. As object of a preposition, in a conditional clause. Cf. what pron. 7b.

eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. iii.162 He þes biscop ricum monnum..næfre forswigian nolde, gif heo on hwon agylton, ac he mid heardre þrea hiæ onspræc.

b. In a phrase in which whon is modified by a quantitative determiner. Cf. what pron. 7a, little what n. a little whon: for a little while. Cf. little what n. 2. [In a little whon perhaps influenced by Old English lȳthwōn (adverb) a little ( < lite adv. + whon n. and adj.), although no reflex of this is attested in Middle English.]

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 69 Þole me louerd alitelwan þat ich bimurne mi sor er ich wite to þe þestere wunienge.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022).

单词	whon
释义	† whonn.adj. Forms: Old English hwon, huon, Middle English whon, wan, Middle English qu(h)on(e, Middle English–1500s quhoyn(e. Etymology: Old English hwón , the instrumental case of which, hwéne , is represented by wheen adj. and n. After c1200 the word is exclusively northern. Obsolete. a. Few, a few. Construed in Old English (i) as a noun or an adverb with dependent genitive, (ii) as an adjective (indeclinable), in Middle English as an adjective and absolute, (iii) as an adverb = a little, a little while (see b, c). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > plurality > fewness > [adjective] feweOE whonc950 litea1000 littleOE petitc1390 wheenc1400 sobera1535 slim1852 the world > relative properties > number > plurality > fewness > [noun] > few, not many whonc950 liteOE fewOE wheenc1400 penny number1845 c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Mark p. 3/18 De septem panibus et paucis pisciculis, of seofa hlafum & hwon lytle fiscas. c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 32 Genim pipor..& hwon sealt. c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 32 Do huniges hwon to. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 19782 He bad þa men be all vte-done, þat in þat hus left bot a quone [Vesp. a fon]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19495 O quoner þan o thre, Mai na biscop sacrid be. c1480 (a1400) St. Alexis 265 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 448 Certis, now are fundine quhon þat in þat manere wald haf done. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) xi. 49 We ar quhoyne [1487 St. John's Cambr. Qwheyn] agayne sa fele. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid x. i. 38 A few wordis on this wys Jupiter said. Bot nocht in quhoyn wordis him answer maid The fresch goldyn Venus. b. na whon (= Old English náteshwón, ná tó þæs hwón), not at all. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [phrase] > nothing, no one, not any > not at all na whonc1275 at all1476 no point1542 like hell1776 not‥a speck1843 not‥a hang1861 my fanny1935 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6590 Nusten þa Bruttes na whon [c1300 Otho non] whæt Vortiger hæfde idon. c. a litel wan (= Old English lýthwón): a little while. ΘΠ the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > [adverb] short whilec897 littleOE awhileOE littlec1175 a litel wanc1200 a while1297 while?a1505 till soona1529 for a moment1593 for a moment1611 short1611 for a flash1625 momentally1646 momentarily1655 for a sudden1688 shortly1809 momently1827 c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 69 Þole me louerd alitelwan þat ich bimurne mi sor, er ich wite to þe þestere wunienge. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1924; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † whonpron. Forms: α. early Old English huan, Old English hon (Anglian, in a compound), Old English huon (Northumbrian), Old English hwann, Old English won, Old English–early Middle English hwan, Old English–early Middle English hwon, late Old English (Kentish)–early Middle English wan, early Middle English whan, early Middle English whon. β. late Old English hwæn (Kentish), late Old English (Kentish)–early Middle English hwen. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: An instrumental form corresponding to the neuter interrogative pronoun what pron., and ultimately formed from the same Indo-European stem; formally similar to when adv. and its cognates in other Germanic languages (compare especially Old Saxon hwan and Gothic hwan), although the precise relationship is unclear.Formal and semantic overlap with whom pron. Already in Old English sometimes difficult to distinguish from phonologically reduced forms of Old English neuter dative hwām (see whom pron.), which overlaps with it in use after prepositions, especially in uses of for hwām . The use of Old English instrumental hwon , which is always neuter, is functionally more restricted than neuter dative hwām ; already in Old English hwon occurs only in phrases with prepositions. Compare the wider range of use of Old English hwȳ , the alternative form of the neuter instrumental (see why adv. and for why adv.). In early Middle English the reflexes of hwon are formally indistinguishable from the β. forms at whom pron. and the dative and instrumental are no longer distinct as case forms. However, the tendency in Middle English to restrict whom pron. in other functions to use with reference to persons supports interpretation of the uses covered below as functionally continuing Old English hwon . Sense 2 covers uses as nominal relative, especially in prepositional phrases which function as equivalent to a conjunction. Comparable Middle English relative uses with nominal or pronominal antecedents are covered at whom pron. (see whom pron. 8b and 9b), as they are not likely to have developed from uses of Old English hwon . However, such early Middle English clauses can occasionally be ambiguous and their precise sense uncertain. Compare further the discussion of use with reference to things at whom pron. The β forms. The β. forms are perhaps after other case forms of Old English hwā with stem vowel æ (e.g. hwæt ) or ǣ (hwǣm ), but they may reflect the influence of γ. forms at when adv., conj., pron., int., and n. Obsolete. 1. As interrogative pronoun (originally of neuter gender), as object of a preposition: what, which. for whon: for what reason, why. Cf. for why adv. to whon to what end, why. Π OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. vi. 31 Dicentes..quid bibemus aut quo operiemur : gecueðas..huæt we gedrince uel of huon we biðon wrigen. OE Guthlac A 273 Bi hwon scealt þu lifgan, þeah þu lond age? c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 1340 Maidene Castel he wes icleoped nat ich for wan it was swa idon. a1300 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Jesus Oxf.) (1935) 716 Wostu to hwan mon wes i bore? To þare blisse of heueryche. a1300 Passion our Lord 567 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 53 Vre louerd hire gon axi, for hwi and for hwan Wepestu? 2. As nominal relative pronoun, as object of a preposition: what, which. for whon: because; on account of which, wherefore. Cf. for why adv. 3, for why conj. 1. for whon that: because, since; so long as, if. Cf. that conj. 7b.In quot. a1200 after the verb have in mid whon: the means with which, wherewithal. Cf. what pron. 8. Π eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. xxi. 248 He eac swylce þær on þæm gewrite gemyndgade bi þæs Wigheardes deaðe, þæt heo swiðe geunrotsade wæron, forhwon he þær forðferan scolde. lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1104 Syððan he afaren wes he wið þone cyng geworhte, forhwan hine se cyng ealles benæmde & belænde þæs þe he her on lande hæfde. a1200 (?OE) MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 191 Þe ne hauen mid hwan hie hem werien. c1225 (?c1200) Sawles Warde (Bodl.) (1938) 4 Ne bið neauer his hus for þeos hinen wel iwist for hwon þet he slepe oðer ohwider from hame, þet is hwen mon forȝet his wit. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 139 Hwen ȝe neh ow feleð him for hwon [?c1225 Cleo. for hwen] þet ȝe habben hardi bileaue, nulle ȝe bute lahhen him lude to bismere. a1300 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Jesus Oxf.) (1935) l. 453 (MED) Hwenne is ido for hwan [c1275 Calig. wan] ich com, Ich vare ayeyn. a1300 Passion our Lord l. 38 in R. Morris Old Eng. Misc. (1872) 38 (MED) Ga abak sathanas, to hwan artu ycume. 3. In indefinite use: something, anything. Cf. what pron. 7. a. As object of a preposition, in a conditional clause. Cf. what pron. 7b. Π eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. iii.162 He þes biscop ricum monnum..næfre forswigian nolde, gif heo on hwon agylton, ac he mid heardre þrea hiæ onspræc. b. In a phrase in which whon is modified by a quantitative determiner. Cf. what pron. 7a, little what n. a little whon: for a little while. Cf. little what n. 2. [In a little whon perhaps influenced by Old English lȳthwōn (adverb) a little ( < lite adv. + whon n. and adj.), although no reflex of this is attested in Middle English.] Π a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 69 Þole me louerd alitelwan þat ich bimurne mi sor er ich wite to þe þestere wunienge. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2022). < n.adj.c950pron.eOE
随便看	semimetallic semimetals semimetope semimicro semimicro- semimicro-analytical semimicro-determination semimicro-method semimicroanalysis semimicroanalytical semimicrodetermination semimicromethod semimilitary semimillenary semimineralized semiminim semiminima semiminimas semiminims semimoist semimolecule semimonocoque semimonstrous semimonthlies semimonthly