White Guardn.

Brit.

/ˌwʌɪt ˈɡɑːd/, U.S.

/ˈ(h)waɪt ˈɡɑrd/

Forms: also with lower-case initial(s).

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: white adj., guard n.

Etymology: < white adj. (compare white adj. 6) + guard n., probably after Red Guard n.With use with reference to Finland (see sense 1) compare Finnish Valkokaarti , occasional unofficial name of the organization (1918; < valko- , valkoinen white + kaarti (collective) guards, probably after Punakaarti : see Red Guard n.); the official name was Suojeluskunta , lit. ‘protection corps’. In use with reference to Russia (see sense 2) after Russian Belaja gvardija (1906 or earlier, 1917 with reference to the Civil War; < belaja , feminine of belyj white + gvardija guard n.), unofficial name of the group originally used chiefly by its opponents.

1. A counter-revolutionary force which opposed left-wing insurgents who had seized power in Finland in 1918; a member of this force. Cf. Red Guard n. 2a.In quot. 1906 with reference to a predecessor organization formed in that year.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [noun] > militia or citizen army > specific

pospolite1697

landwehr1815

armatole1821

Reichswehr1876

Red Guard1906

White Guard1906

Basij1982

1906 Times 15 Aug. 6/1 As the Civil Guard tended to become Finnish and Socialistic, it was proclaimed ‘Red’, and in opposition to it the White Guard was formed.

1918 Observer 10 Feb. 7/2 A message received here [sc. Stockholm] from the White Guards in Vasa states: ‘Last night, after eleven days of minor encounters, the Red Guards..surrendered.’

1940 J. H. Jackson Finland (rev. ed.) v. 89 The White Guard, stiffened by Finnish officers returning from service in the newly disbanded Imperial Army of Russia, now numbered 37,000.

1986 Times 11 Dec. 20/2 They [sc. Finnish Red Guards] were confronted by General, later Marshal, Gustaf Mannerheim who, at the head of the White Guards, and with German support, defeated them.

2002 D. F. Busky Communism in Hist. & Theory ii. 78 The Finnish civil war broke out in 1918 between units of the Red Guard and White Guard.

2. A counter-revolutionary force which opposed the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War (1917–22); a member of this force. Cf. Red Guard n. 2b.In quot. 1906 with reference to an organization active in Odessa during the Russian Revolution of 1905.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > member of specific paramilitary group > [noun] > in Russia

White Guard1906

Red Guard1917

1906 Irish Times 4 Sept. 5/5 A new ‘flying band’ of the ‘Black Hundreds’ has just been constituted here [sc. Odessa] under the name of the ‘White Guards’.

1917 N.Y. Times 18 Nov. 1/8 Peace has been definitely declared in Moscow, with victory for the Bolsheviki. The White Guard has been disarmed, and likewise the military cadets.

1971 H. Trevelyan Worlds Apart xxiii. 267 The house was lucky to escape destruction during the Revolution, when it was said to have been for a time in the front line as a White Guard post opposite the Kremlin.

1974 J. White tr. N. Poulantzas Fascism & Dictatorship iv. iii. 210 The fascist phenomenon was constantly identified with the Russian White Guards, as a strong reaction to a revolutionary situation.

2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 11 June 24/2 As a former White Guard, Lev Knipper had little choice but to cooperate with the OGPU.

3. gen. Any of several counter-revolutionary groups; a member of such a group. Cf. white adj. 6.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > member of specific paramilitary group > [noun] > in Finland

Red Guard1906

White Guard1921

society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > groups or attitudes right to left > [noun] > the right > reaction > adherent of

white1623

reactionary1799

reactionist1834

retrogradist1836

White Guard1921

1921 Manch. Guardian 13 Apr. 9/3 The Government have called up sailors, soldiers, and airmen, and are actively recruiting a British White Guard.

1943 Washington Post 8 Oct. 2 Macek still appears to avoid politics, but we know he supported the conscription of the Bela Garda (White Guard) among his followers to fight against Russia.

1970 G. Huizer in I. L. Horowitz Masses in Lat. Amer. xiii. 454 Tapia continued to have meetings with peasants in their houses although the soldiers or ‘white guards’ sent by the Cantabria hacienda tried several times to capture him.

2006 C. M. MacLachlan Argentina 79 Angry workers seized property, while landowners formed white guards to defend their interests.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	white guard
释义	White Guardn. Brit. /ˌwʌɪt ˈɡɑːd/, U.S. /ˈ(h)waɪt ˈɡɑrd/ Forms: also with lower-case initial(s). Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: white adj., guard n. Etymology: < white adj. (compare white adj. 6) + guard n., probably after Red Guard n.With use with reference to Finland (see sense 1) compare Finnish Valkokaarti , occasional unofficial name of the organization (1918; < valko- , valkoinen white + kaarti (collective) guards, probably after Punakaarti : see Red Guard n.); the official name was Suojeluskunta , lit. ‘protection corps’. In use with reference to Russia (see sense 2) after Russian Belaja gvardija (1906 or earlier, 1917 with reference to the Civil War; < belaja , feminine of belyj white + gvardija guard n.), unofficial name of the group originally used chiefly by its opponents. 1. A counter-revolutionary force which opposed left-wing insurgents who had seized power in Finland in 1918; a member of this force. Cf. Red Guard n. 2a.In quot. 1906 with reference to a predecessor organization formed in that year. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [noun] > militia or citizen army > specific pospolite1697 landwehr1815 armatole1821 Reichswehr1876 Red Guard1906 White Guard1906 Basij1982 1906 Times 15 Aug. 6/1 As the Civil Guard tended to become Finnish and Socialistic, it was proclaimed ‘Red’, and in opposition to it the White Guard was formed. 1918 Observer 10 Feb. 7/2 A message received here [sc. Stockholm] from the White Guards in Vasa states: ‘Last night, after eleven days of minor encounters, the Red Guards..surrendered.’ 1940 J. H. Jackson Finland (rev. ed.) v. 89 The White Guard, stiffened by Finnish officers returning from service in the newly disbanded Imperial Army of Russia, now numbered 37,000. 1986 Times 11 Dec. 20/2 They [sc. Finnish Red Guards] were confronted by General, later Marshal, Gustaf Mannerheim who, at the head of the White Guards, and with German support, defeated them. 2002 D. F. Busky Communism in Hist. & Theory ii. 78 The Finnish civil war broke out in 1918 between units of the Red Guard and White Guard. 2. A counter-revolutionary force which opposed the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War (1917–22); a member of this force. Cf. Red Guard n. 2b.In quot. 1906 with reference to an organization active in Odessa during the Russian Revolution of 1905. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > member of specific paramilitary group > [noun] > in Russia White Guard1906 Red Guard1917 1906 Irish Times 4 Sept. 5/5 A new ‘flying band’ of the ‘Black Hundreds’ has just been constituted here [sc. Odessa] under the name of the ‘White Guards’. 1917 N.Y. Times 18 Nov. 1/8 Peace has been definitely declared in Moscow, with victory for the Bolsheviki. The White Guard has been disarmed, and likewise the military cadets. 1971 H. Trevelyan Worlds Apart xxiii. 267 The house was lucky to escape destruction during the Revolution, when it was said to have been for a time in the front line as a White Guard post opposite the Kremlin. 1974 J. White tr. N. Poulantzas Fascism & Dictatorship iv. iii. 210 The fascist phenomenon was constantly identified with the Russian White Guards, as a strong reaction to a revolutionary situation. 2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 11 June 24/2 As a former White Guard, Lev Knipper had little choice but to cooperate with the OGPU. 3. gen. Any of several counter-revolutionary groups; a member of such a group. Cf. white adj. 6. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > member of specific paramilitary group > [noun] > in Finland Red Guard1906 White Guard1921 society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > groups or attitudes right to left > [noun] > the right > reaction > adherent of white1623 reactionary1799 reactionist1834 retrogradist1836 White Guard1921 1921 Manch. Guardian 13 Apr. 9/3 The Government have called up sailors, soldiers, and airmen, and are actively recruiting a British White Guard. 1943 Washington Post 8 Oct. 2 Macek still appears to avoid politics, but we know he supported the conscription of the Bela Garda (White Guard) among his followers to fight against Russia. 1970 G. Huizer in I. L. Horowitz Masses in Lat. Amer. xiii. 454 Tapia continued to have meetings with peasants in their houses although the soldiers or ‘white guards’ sent by the Cantabria hacienda tried several times to capture him. 2006 C. M. MacLachlan Argentina 79 Angry workers seized property, while landowners formed white guards to defend their interests. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1906
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