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westwardadv.adj.n. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: west adv., -ward suffix. Etymology: < west adv. + -ward suffix. Compare Old Frisian westwerd , Middle Dutch westwaert , Middle Low German westwart , westwert , westwort , westert . Compare westwards adv.Compare also Old English westanweard (adjective) situated in or towards the west or the western part or side of something ( < westen adv. + -ward suffix). A. adv. In a westerly direction; towards the west. 1. the world > the earth > direction > cardinal points > West > [adverb] eOE (Parker) anno 892 Her on þysum geare for se micla here..eft of þæm eastrice westweard to Bunann. OE Ælfric (Cambr. Gg.3.28) (2009) ix. 92 Ða seofon steorran þe..ofer ealne winter scinað, gangende eastan westweard. lOE (Laud) anno 1052 Gewendon heom þa west on an to Wiht,..& gewendon heom þa westweard oð þet hi comon to Portlande. c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) l. 1039 So þat he drou him westward & worrede in mony londe... Þe se he wende nei & bihuld west. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xviii. l. 118 (MED) Her suster..cam softly walkynge Euene out of þe est, and westward she loked. c1400 ( G. Chaucer (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §17. 27 Espie diligently whan this same firste sterre passeth..westward. ?a1425 (Egerton) (1889) 127 It lastez westward to þe ryuer of Phison. c1450 (?c1408) J. Lydgate (1901) l. 658 Whan that he hath hys cours [y-]goon,..Ageyn westwarde he doth repaire. a1500 (1839) 9 Thei fledde westwarde to the see syde, and toke there here schippys. 1535 Ezek. xlv. 7 As farre as reacheth westwarde and eastwarde. 1593 T. Fale f. 9v If the declination of your plat be West~ward, or from C. toward B. a1631 J. Donne (1633) 170 Goodfriday, 1613. Riding Westward. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xi, in tr. Virgil 577 But westward to the Sea the Sun declin'd. 1752 G. Berkeley 187 Westward the Course of Empire takes its Way. 1783 J. King iii. 29 We were told by a priest..that all the virtues were flying westward. 1816 J. Keats 141 Why westward turn? 'Twas but to say adieu! 1822 W. Scott I. v. 120 The citizen..rode on westward along the Strand. 1848 B. Webb 160 Projecting westward from the nave-arch is a stone rood-loft. 1903 A. Adams xxiii. 365 We snailed on westward at our leisurely gait. 1936 Dec. 66/1 In the dull green sky the sun..was sinking westward. 1972 28 258/2 Waugoshance Point..extends westward into Lake Michigan from the park. 2006 S. L. Moore II. ix. 231 It soon became clear that any Indians in the area were fleeing westward ahead of the Texans. society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [adverb] > to place for hanging 1600 sig. A2v If they doe so, faith westward then with Skinke. 1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster iv. sig. Gv You speake as if you had no harts, & look as if you were going westward indeede. 1626 H. Parrot Characters in sig. A2 v If any thing happen.., it must accrew from the next Sessions, prouided there be some to trauel westward. 1647 T. B. sig. I3v Greg... Is't not time he should now goe downward? Hu. And time, that you should goe Westward. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 143 Hiberia þat lond..lith westward fast by Pontus. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vii. l. 576 (MED) Upon that other syde Westward..The brother which was hote Cham..Aufrique nam. c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1036 Estward ther stood a gate of Marbul whit Westward right swich another in the opposit. 1447–8 in L. F. Salzman (1952) 522 (MED) Westward closyng therto a kechen, larder hous, stable and other necessarie housyng. 1530 Exod. xxvii. f. xlix And in the bredth of the courte westwarde, there shalbe hangynges of fyftye cubettes longe. 1565 T. Stapleton tr. Bede i. i. f. 14 This Ireland, next vnto Britanny is the greatest lland of the Oceane sea, and standeth westward of Britanny. 1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten i. xciii. 171/2 We..compassed about ye other corner that lay westward from vs. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny I. vi. xxx. 147 He telleth..that Westward there are people called Nigrœ, whose king hath but one eie. 1641 P. Heylyn 146 A Church..which standing Westward of Saint Pauls, was by the common people commonly called Westminster. 1691 6 For twenty Miles Westward of Perth, there were but two or three Ministers. 1762 W. Falconer iii. 44 Westward of these..lies The long-sought Isle, O! Ithacus the wise. 1773 J. Noorthouck 742 From Bedford house on the same line westward, is Great Russel street Bloomsbury. 1821 4 Their papers should not be sent from the ship until she has arrived westward of Blackwall. 1855 A. H. Clough Struggle in Aug. 71 In front the sun climbs slow, how slowly, But westward, look! the land is bright. 1874 A. C. Swinburne ii. vi. 144 The islands westward of that southern cape Where the out-thrust heel of England cleaves the sea. 1913 J. Masefield 67 Westward was barley-stubble not yet cleared. 1932 R. Campbell 28 Every village westward of Martigues has three or four fêtes a year. 1972 H. M. Denham (1976) v. 99 Westward of the mole are some remarkable caves. 2006 C. Sutton & P. Sutton i. ii. 63 Another fall migrant that is fairly uncommon on the Cape but is increasingly found westward in New Jersey. B. adj.the world > the earth > direction > cardinal points > West > [adjective] eOE Bounds (Sawyer 298) in D. Hooke (1994) 105 Ðonon on ða burg eastewearde, ðonon on ða lytlan burg westewearde. eOE tr. Orosius (BL Add.) (1980) i. i. 9 Se westsuþende Europe landgemirce is in Ispania westeweardum et ðæm garsecge. a1170 ( Bounds (Sawyer 1545) in S. E. Kelly (2001) 74 Æn [read on] westweardum & on suðeweardum sceldmere. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) l. 12805 He seide þat þer wes icumen a scaðe liðe. of westward Spaine. 1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan ix. 391 His looke should Eastward stand..And, flying, hold a westward race, When he through Gorgons realme did trace. 1663 G. Harvey II. ii. iii. 253 The air doth in our Hemisphaere continue a westward floud. 1738 F. Wise 42 In it's westward course from Barley in Hertfordshire..it [sc. Ickenild Street] goes through a town called Ickleford. 1785 (1890) 498 [The field border] to run..on the westward end of sundry ten acre lots, one hundred and eighty rods. 1855 C. Kingsley III. xii. 346 An angry growl from the westward heavens seemed to answer his wild words. 1880 2 143 The Cambro-Silurians of southward and westward Ireland. 1900 Apr. 134 A further link in the westward series..was finished in 1837. 1916 14 July 11/3 On her last voyage in the westward route the Dora struck a pinnacle rock. 1959 J. Prebble (1964) 71 A bluff which stood like a cliff against the westward ocean of the plains. 2006 F. Fernández-Armesto iv. 125 The island [of Majorca] had long been a Genoese staging post for westward navigation. C. n. The west; (also) the area, position, or side which is to the west of a thing or place. the world > the earth > direction > cardinal points > West > [noun] > part or place eOE tr. Orosius (BL Add.) (1980) ii. i. 36 Þas feower heafodricu sindon on feower endum þyses middangeardes... Þæt Babylonicum wæs þæt forme & on easteweardum. Þæt æfterre wæs þæt Crecisce & on norðeweardum. Þæt þridde wæs þæt Affricanum & on suðweardum. Þæt feorþe is Romane & on westeweardum. lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius (Bodl.) (2009) I. xvi. 276 Ond þeah betwuh þyllecum unrihtum wæs him [sc. Nero] no þy læs underþeod eall þes middangeard from easteweardum oþ westeweardne and eft from suðeweardum oð norðeweardne. c1425 Liber Monasterii de Hyda (Sawyer 845) in S. Miller (2001) 204 Than ys the lengthe of the mede: on westward, fyf furlang and fyf ȝerde [c1425 (OE) on westeweardan, v furlang & v gyrda]. 1628 97 We supposed that we had..attained a free passage, the land turning euidently in our sight about to Westward. 1667 J. Dryden clxxviii. 45 A breeze from Westward waits their sails to fill. 1756 J. Home iii. 39 There is a wild Which lies to westward of that mighty rock. 1810 W. Scott iv. 151 My followers guard each pass's mouth, To east, to westward, and to south. 1878 J. T. Reid iii. 46 Warm grey clouds were drifting from westward. 1922 W. S. Rainsford viii. 98 The late autumn found us..more than a thousand miles to westward of our starting point. 1960 J. Barth ii. xxx. 460 A wooded spit of land some five or six miles to westward, across the expanse of the river's mouth. 1992 B. Unsworth xxii. 177 A mackerel sky was building to westward. the world > the earth > direction > cardinal points > West > [noun] > part or place c1350 (Harl. 874) (1961) 186 Þe þre ȝates to þe westward bitokneþ þe prechyng þat shal be preched til hem þat lyuen in þe last endyng. c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1048 He Estward hath vp on the gate aboue..Doon maad an Auter and an oratorie And on the westward in memorie Of Mars he maked hath right swich another. 1535 Josh. xv. B The mount which lyeth before the valley of Hinnam from the westwarde. 1578 W. Bourne ii. iii. f.7 The number of myles, that the Citie, Towne, or place is vnto the Westwarde of your place. 1602 R. Mansel 1 Captaine Iones next vnto me, and the Dutch men of warre a Sea-boord, and to the westward of him. 1652 H. Phillippes 79 Which..differs in longitude from the former place 90 degrees to the West~ward. 1673 in J. A. Picton (1883) I. 316 To make cleare and pave the street on the cock of the Castell to the westheard. 1718 No. 724. 2/2 Some Weeks ago to the Westward of that place, a very remarkable thing fell out. 1725 D. Defoe ii. 147 They..saw Two Rockets rise up from the Westward. 1776 60/1 Q. Where is that place? A. To the westward of Sasserum. 1796 J. Morse (new ed.) I. 138 Directing his course to the westward of Cape Fare~well. 1838 J. Sterling Let. 27 Nov. in T. Carlyle (1851) ii. vii. 216 The highest part..which commands a view..of the vale of the Arno to the westward. 1874 J. Forrest (1875) 224 Sure enough there were the tracks of horses coming from the westward. 1906 31 Aug. 4/4 They [sc. the Malvern Hills] lie precisely north by south, moored like some great island-mountain to the westward of the central plain of England. 1928 G. Campbell v. 73 A sort of Admiralissimo of all the approaches to the British Isles from the westward and southward. 1968 M. Clawson (2001) iv. 31 There was a good deal of informal and unofficial exploration of both adjacent and distant lands, usually to the westward of the coastal settlements. 2008 F. Mowat iii. xiii. 150 The narrow and tortuous channel leading to the North Sea, thirty miles to the westward. Compounds1817 J. Leyden & H. Murray II. iii. ii. 416 Their knowledge might terminate with this westward-flowing river, and might never reach the stream visited by Park. 1872 Ld. Tennyson Last Tournament in 126 Those far-rolling, westward-smiling seas. 1891 19 Nov. 393/1 The westward-looking portion of this volume. 1895 24 Dec. 6/1 That fierce westward-blowing gale of fire. 1936 R. Campbell 33 Bathe His westward-wending feet. 1970 D. Brown i. 4 The European colonists moved inland..down the westward-flowing rivers to the Great Waters (the Mississippi). 1992 129 601/1 Folds..are generally westward-verging, with axial surfaces inclined at up to 45°. C2. 1866 3 257 Whether..the restoration of the western position would be any help to the devotion of the great body of worshippers. 1969 G. J. Cuming xi. 251 The westward position is enjoined, and communion is by ‘tables’, in Methodist fashion. 1998 (Nexis) 7 Oct. 18 Impressed by the restoration of the early position of the celebrant at the Eucharist in what is called the westward position, facing the people, he immediately introduced the practice at St James. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  adv.adj.n.eOE |
