wherewithadv.n.

Brit.

/wɛːˈwɪð/, U.S.

/(h)wɛrˈwɪð/,

/(h)wɛrˈwɪθ/

Etymology: < where adv., conj., and n. Compounds 2 + with prep.

Now formal or archaic.

I. interrogative.

1. With what?

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [adverb] > by what means?

wherewithc1175

howa1400

whereby1526

wherewithal1535

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1718 & tiss me birrþ nu shæwenn ȝuw Whatt itt ȝuw maȝȝ bitacnenn. & whær wiþþ itt maȝȝ fesstnenn ȝuw Inn ȝure rihhte læfe.

c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale Prol. 131 Wher with sholde he make his paiement If he ne vsed his sely Instrument?

1539 Bible (Great) Judges vi. 15 Oh Lord, wher with shall I saue Israel?

1577 N.T. (Genev.) : Matt. v. 13 But if the salte haue lost his sauour wher with shal one salt?

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost i. i. 253 Which with, ô with, but with this I passion to say wherewith.

II. relative. With which.

a. In instrumental and allied senses: By means of which; whereby.Sometimes followed by to and infinitive (see to 16, and cf. 2b, 2c).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [adverb] > by which means or by means of which

wheremidc1160

wherebyc1200

wherethorough?c1225

wherewithc1230

wherewith1297

witha1300

wherethrough13..

whereof1340

withal1389

how1390

wherewithal1578

wherewithal1618

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 585 Min handax..Ȝware wiþ ich abbe geans & maniman aslawe.

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3835 Þe pape þe kays bers, Whar-with he bathe opens and spers.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 214 Sche..hath ynow wherwith to plese Of worldes good whom that hire liste.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5399 Now haue we noght ware-wit we mai Lenght our liue wit fra þis dai.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v. vii He brake the cord wherwith he was bounden.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Eph. ii. 4 The greate love wherwith he loved vs.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. vi. 17 Those Honors..Wherewith your Maiestie loades our House.

c1730 A. Ramsay Wyfe of Auchtermuchty x He gat water in a pan, Quherwith he slokend out the fyre.

1880 A. C. Swinburne Study of Shakespeare 29 That royal robe of heroic verse wherewith he had clothed the ungrown limbs of limping..tragedy.

1904 J. T. Fowler Durham Univ. 5 Without even a shirt of his own wherewith to cover his body.

b. With ellipsis of antecedent, or as nominal relative involving antecedent (cf. what pron. III.): That, or something, with which; the means by which. (a) with following clause, usually with to and infinitive; (b) with ellipsis of following clause.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means

keyOE

toolc1000

wherewithc1230

ministerc1380

meanc1390

instrumenta1425

organ?a1425

mesne1447

moyen1449

handlec1450

hackneya1500

receipta1500

operative1526

ingine1531

appliance1555

agent1579

matter1580

mids1581

wedge1581

wherewithal1583

shoeing-horn1587

engine1589

instrumental1598

Roaring Meg1598

procurement1601

organy1605

vehicle1615

vehiculuma1617

executioner1646

facility1652

operatory1660

instrumentality1663

expedient1665

agency1684

bladea1713

mechanic1924

mechanism1924

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [adverb] > by which means or by means of which

wheremidc1160

wherebyc1200

wherethorough?c1225

wherewithc1230

wherewith1297

witha1300

wherethrough13..

whereof1340

withal1389

how1390

wherewithal1578

wherewithal1618

(a)

c1230 Hali Meid. 11 As gentille wimmen mest alle nu o worlde þat nabbeð hwerwið buggen ham brudgume.

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. 419/46 Me þinchez..þe feste feble were Bote Men hadden ȝware-with þe wombe Ioye a-rere.

c1400 Rom. Rose 6710 I wole..Telle how a man may begge at nede That hath not wherwith hym to fede.

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 304 And bisily gan for the soules preye Of hem that yaf hym wher with to scoleye.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) liv. 181 He had not wherwith to arme him.

1611 Bible (King James) Psalms cxix. 42 So shall I haue wherewith to answere him that reprocheth me.

1788 J. Priestley Lect. Hist. v. lviii. 460 They will have wherewith to purchase the produce of other countries.

1856 C. M. Yonge Daisy Chain ii. iv Here is wherewith to build the school.

a1891 R. W. Barbour Thoughts (1900) 80 Where is one to get wherewith to help another if not from the healed scars in himself?

(b)1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. vii. 317 Roberd þe ryfeler on reddite lokede, And for þer was nat wher-with he wepte ful sore.1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccv. 99 They..taryed..to refresshe theym..for they founde in that abbey well wher~with.1550 R. Crowley Way to Wealth sig. Aii^v Holde the candle to them that haue wherewyth, and wyll sette lustily to it.

c. = wherewithal adv. 2c, which is more usual.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun]

coffer1377

pursec1384

possibilityc1385

moneyc1390

financec1475

abilityc1503

purse stringc1530

moyen1547

means1560

financy1600

pocket1633

fonds1669

wherewith1674

apoinctee1682

funds1700

ways and means1738

money stock1743

pecuniary1748

pecuniar1793

wherewithal1809

ante1843

pocketbook1897

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > resources

facultya1382

myance?a1513

moyen1547

facility1555

means1560

resource1611

foisona1616

wherewith1674

asset1677

stock-in-tradea1806

wherewithal1809

possibles1823

bag of tricks1841

potential1941

(a)

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 99 A least bitling is made as much for cleaving, if it had but a wherewith to be cloven.

1876 H. Spencer Princ. Sociol. I. 19 Heavily taxed in providing the wherewith to meet excessive loss by radiation.

(b)1825 J. Jennings Observ. Dial. W. Eng. 83 Wherewi', property, estate; money.

3. With which as cause or occasion; in consequence of which; on account of or by reason of which, whereat; by the agency or effect of which, whereby.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > [adverb] > with which as a cause or occasion

wherewithc1440

wherewithal1607

c1440 Generydes 3577 Where with the Sowdon was full wele apayde.

1561 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 67 In ony controuersie affirmit be zou, quharewith thai be offendit.

1651 in T. Fuller Abel Redevivus 239 He fell into an Ague, wherewith in few dayes he dyed.

1663 S. Patrick Parable of Pilgrim (1687) 346 The World will need such a good example, to reform the evil wherewith it abounds.

1814 W. Scott Let. 10 Nov. (1932) III. 516 Every body that I see talks highly of your steady interest with the public, wherewith..I am pleased but not surprised.

1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn I. xxiii. 215 I have far too much wherewith to reproach myself.

a. Along with or together with which; against which; in addition to or besides which.

ΚΠ

14.. Ephyphanye in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 123 Saf among we knele among the racke Wherewith the son was somtyme thi plesaunce.

1611 Bible (King James) 2 Chron. xxxv. 21 I come not against thee this day, but against the house, wherewith I haue warre.

1658 Earl of Monmouth tr. P. Paruta Hist. Venice ii. ii. 81 To boot wherewith, he had secret instructions given him.

b. With which occurrence, act, etc.: whereat, whereupon, ‘and with that’. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > whereafter or whereupon

whereaftera1425

whereupon?1461

whereafterward1483

wherewithc1515

wherewithala1542

whenas1553

whereon1588

whereby1600

hereon1602

when1803

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lvii. 193 As sone as the lady saw Gerames she knew him, wherwith she began to chaunge coloure.

1575 Bp. T. Cooper's Reg. (Linc. Episc. Rec. 1912) 123 He gott her neck under his arme & with his leyshe woulde have bound her wherwith she cried out.

1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades iv. 61 Yet after this he wils hir hast, wherewith such speed she makes.

1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 187 We saw the monster stir and move,..wherewith we made hast from him.

1871 D. G. Rossetti Last Confession in Poems 133 Then all the blessed maidens..laughed up at once..Wherewith I woke.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1923; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	wherewith
释义	wherewithadv.n. Brit. /wɛːˈwɪð/, U.S. /(h)wɛrˈwɪð/, /(h)wɛrˈwɪθ/ Etymology: < where adv., conj., and n. Compounds 2 + with prep. Now formal or archaic. I. interrogative. 1. With what? ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [adverb] > by what means? wherewithc1175 howa1400 whereby1526 wherewithal1535 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1718 & tiss me birrþ nu shæwenn ȝuw Whatt itt ȝuw maȝȝ bitacnenn. & whær wiþþ itt maȝȝ fesstnenn ȝuw Inn ȝure rihhte læfe. c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale Prol. 131 Wher with sholde he make his paiement If he ne vsed his sely Instrument? 1539 Bible (Great) Judges vi. 15 Oh Lord, wher with shall I saue Israel? 1577 N.T. (Genev.) : Matt. v. 13 But if the salte haue lost his sauour wher with shal one salt? 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost i. i. 253 Which with, ô with, but with this I passion to say wherewith. II. relative. With which. 2. a. In instrumental and allied senses: By means of which; whereby.Sometimes followed by to and infinitive (see to 16, and cf. 2b, 2c). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [adverb] > by which means or by means of which wheremidc1160 wherebyc1200 wherethorough?c1225 wherewithc1230 wherewith1297 witha1300 wherethrough13.. whereof1340 withal1389 how1390 wherewithal1578 wherewithal1618 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 585 Min handax..Ȝware wiþ ich abbe geans & maniman aslawe. 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3835 Þe pape þe kays bers, Whar-with he bathe opens and spers. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 214 Sche..hath ynow wherwith to plese Of worldes good whom that hire liste. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5399 Now haue we noght ware-wit we mai Lenght our liue wit fra þis dai. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope v. vii He brake the cord wherwith he was bounden. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Eph. ii. 4 The greate love wherwith he loved vs. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. vi. 17 Those Honors..Wherewith your Maiestie loades our House. View more context for this quotation c1730 A. Ramsay Wyfe of Auchtermuchty x He gat water in a pan, Quherwith he slokend out the fyre. 1880 A. C. Swinburne Study of Shakespeare 29 That royal robe of heroic verse wherewith he had clothed the ungrown limbs of limping..tragedy. 1904 J. T. Fowler Durham Univ. 5 Without even a shirt of his own wherewith to cover his body. b. With ellipsis of antecedent, or as nominal relative involving antecedent (cf. what pron. III.): That, or something, with which; the means by which. (a) with following clause, usually with to and infinitive; (b) with ellipsis of following clause. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means keyOE toolc1000 wherewithc1230 ministerc1380 meanc1390 instrumenta1425 organ?a1425 mesne1447 moyen1449 handlec1450 hackneya1500 receipta1500 operative1526 ingine1531 appliance1555 agent1579 matter1580 mids1581 wedge1581 wherewithal1583 shoeing-horn1587 engine1589 instrumental1598 Roaring Meg1598 procurement1601 organy1605 vehicle1615 vehiculuma1617 executioner1646 facility1652 operatory1660 instrumentality1663 expedient1665 agency1684 bladea1713 mechanic1924 mechanism1924 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [adverb] > by which means or by means of which wheremidc1160 wherebyc1200 wherethorough?c1225 wherewithc1230 wherewith1297 witha1300 wherethrough13.. whereof1340 withal1389 how1390 wherewithal1578 wherewithal1618 (a) c1230 Hali Meid. 11 As gentille wimmen mest alle nu o worlde þat nabbeð hwerwið buggen ham brudgume. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. 419/46 Me þinchez..þe feste feble were Bote Men hadden ȝware-with þe wombe Ioye a-rere. c1400 Rom. Rose 6710 I wole..Telle how a man may begge at nede That hath not wherwith hym to fede. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 304 And bisily gan for the soules preye Of hem that yaf hym wher with to scoleye. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) liv. 181 He had not wherwith to arme him. 1611 Bible (King James) Psalms cxix. 42 So shall I haue wherewith to answere him that reprocheth me. View more context for this quotation 1788 J. Priestley Lect. Hist. v. lviii. 460 They will have wherewith to purchase the produce of other countries. 1856 C. M. Yonge Daisy Chain ii. iv Here is wherewith to build the school. a1891 R. W. Barbour Thoughts (1900) 80 Where is one to get wherewith to help another if not from the healed scars in himself? (b)1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. vii. 317 Roberd þe ryfeler on reddite lokede, And for þer was nat wher-with he wepte ful sore.1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccv. 99 They..taryed..to refresshe theym..for they founde in that abbey well wher~with.1550 R. Crowley Way to Wealth sig. Aii^v Holde the candle to them that haue wherewyth, and wyll sette lustily to it. c. = wherewithal adv. 2c, which is more usual. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun] coffer1377 pursec1384 possibilityc1385 moneyc1390 financec1475 abilityc1503 purse stringc1530 moyen1547 means1560 financy1600 pocket1633 fonds1669 wherewith1674 apoinctee1682 funds1700 ways and means1738 money stock1743 pecuniary1748 pecuniar1793 wherewithal1809 ante1843 pocketbook1897 the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > resources facultya1382 myance?a1513 moyen1547 facility1555 means1560 resource1611 foisona1616 wherewith1674 asset1677 stock-in-tradea1806 wherewithal1809 possibles1823 bag of tricks1841 potential1941 (a) 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 99 A least bitling is made as much for cleaving, if it had but a wherewith to be cloven. 1876 H. Spencer Princ. Sociol. I. 19 Heavily taxed in providing the wherewith to meet excessive loss by radiation. (b)1825 J. Jennings Observ. Dial. W. Eng. 83 Wherewi', property, estate; money. 3. With which as cause or occasion; in consequence of which; on account of or by reason of which, whereat; by the agency or effect of which, whereby. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > [adverb] > with which as a cause or occasion wherewithc1440 wherewithal1607 c1440 Generydes 3577 Where with the Sowdon was full wele apayde. 1561 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1888) I. 67 In ony controuersie affirmit be zou, quharewith thai be offendit. 1651 in T. Fuller Abel Redevivus 239 He fell into an Ague, wherewith in few dayes he dyed. 1663 S. Patrick Parable of Pilgrim (1687) 346 The World will need such a good example, to reform the evil wherewith it abounds. 1814 W. Scott Let. 10 Nov. (1932) III. 516 Every body that I see talks highly of your steady interest with the public, wherewith..I am pleased but not surprised. 1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn I. xxiii. 215 I have far too much wherewith to reproach myself. 4. a. Along with or together with which; against which; in addition to or besides which. ΚΠ 14.. Ephyphanye in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 123 Saf among we knele among the racke Wherewith the son was somtyme thi plesaunce. 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Chron. xxxv. 21 I come not against thee this day, but against the house, wherewith I haue warre. View more context for this quotation 1658 Earl of Monmouth tr. P. Paruta Hist. Venice ii. ii. 81 To boot wherewith, he had secret instructions given him. b. With which occurrence, act, etc.: whereat, whereupon, ‘and with that’. archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > whereafter or whereupon whereaftera1425 whereupon?1461 whereafterward1483 wherewithc1515 wherewithala1542 whenas1553 whereon1588 whereby1600 hereon1602 when1803 c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lvii. 193 As sone as the lady saw Gerames she knew him, wherwith she began to chaunge coloure. 1575 Bp. T. Cooper's Reg. (Linc. Episc. Rec. 1912) 123 He gott her neck under his arme & with his leyshe woulde have bound her wherwith she cried out. 1581 A. Hall tr. Homer 10 Bks. Iliades iv. 61 Yet after this he wils hir hast, wherewith such speed she makes. 1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. 187 We saw the monster stir and move,..wherewith we made hast from him. 1871 D. G. Rossetti Last Confession in Poems 133 Then all the blessed maidens..laughed up at once..Wherewith I woke. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1923; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adv.n.c1175
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