waulkingn.

Brit.

/ˈwɔːkɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈwɔkɪŋ/,

/ˈwɑkɪŋ/, Scottish English

/ˈwɔkɪŋ/

Forms: see waulk v. and -ing suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: waulk v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < waulk v. + -ing suffix¹.

Chiefly Scottish in later use. Now historical.

The fulling of cloth. Cf. waulk v.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > fulling

waulkingc1300

fulling1383

thickingc1440

tucking1467

tuckage1612

milling1884

c1300 St. Matthew (Laud) l. 6 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 77 (MED) Seint Matheu he saiȝ bi cas his mester don of walkingue, for a follare he was.

c1450 in W. R. Dawson Leechbk. (1934) 256 Take the woll of a fullynge myll that goth fro the cloth with walkynge and flieth about on the walles.

1565 Burgh Court Perth 1 May 316 Dauid Dunmure..to ressaue the clayth walkit be him..Becaus he hes spilt the samyn in the walking.

1582 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1599) II. i. 162 The faults in Walking, Rowing, and Burling,..are to be knowen to the merchant.

1615 G. Markham Countrey Contentments ii. 90 The Hus-wife hath finisht her labour: for in the weauing, walking, and dressing thereof shee can challenge no propertie more then to intreate them..to discharge their duties with a good conscience.

1763 D. Brown Petition 8 They are obliged to admit, that none of them exercise the business of waulking.

1811 Edinb. Advertiser 7 May 290/4 (advt.) The situation is desirable for carrying out the business of waulking and bleaching extensively, being only two miles distant from Kelso.

1898 N. Munro John Splendid iv, in Living Age 4 June 639/2 Women, who, at the waulking or washing of woolen cloth new spun, pull out the fabric to tunes suited to such occasions.

1924 Times 29 July (Brit. Empire section) p. xiii./5 ‘Fulling’ or ‘waulking,’ to brighten and improve the texture, is then carried out, the cloth shrinking an inch or so in every foot in the process.

1964 H. Hodges Artifacts x. 145 The primitive method was to scour the cloth in hot soapy water, followed by walking (waulking).

1982 Times Lit. Suppl. 12 Feb. 171 The communal waulking or thickening of the cloth..has disappeared along with the social and economic circumstances which gave rise to it.

1992 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 18 Aug. 15 Waulking was the process of felting the cloth and making it waterproof and in the Highlands it was done with hands and feet.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

ΚΠ

1627 in A. Peterkin Rentals Earldom & Bishoprick of Orkney (1820) iii. 49 Thair is never lyming, walking-huis nor ony vther commodities quhilk may bring gain to the paroche for augmenting the rentall.

1763 D. Brown Petition 13 The pursuers had all the privileges that ever were competent to the actual waulkers, and even an exclusive right for debarring unfreemen from interfering in the waulking-trade.

1928 A. Carmichael Carmina Gadelica I. 306 Generally the waulking-women are young maidens, a few married women of good voice being distributed among them.

1928 A. Carmichael Carmina Gadelica I. 306 Occasionally the waulking-board is laid on the ground, and the women work the cloth with their feet.

C2.

waulking-mill n. now historical = waulk mill n.

ΘΚΠ

waulk mill1241

fulling mill1388

tucking-mill1467

tuck-milla1641

fullery1728

tucking-stock1751

walk mill1773

plash-mill1795

waulking-mill1805

1805 J. Luccock Nature & Prop. Wool iii. 165 The person engaged in this employment was called a waulker, or walker, of cloth; and the machine afterwards introduced to answer the same purpose was denominated a waulking-mill.

1886 Northern Notes & Queries Sept. 12 The waulking-mill, formed of ponderous wooden hammers, which beat the cloth in a damp state, till the open-wove cloth is closely felted together.

1969 J. L. Campbell Coll. Waulking Songs 3 There is an account of waulking-mills in a manuscript of 1581.

2002 B. Zarling Bones of Scotl. iii. 21 A waulking mill for treating the wool cloth that the plaids were made out of.

waulking-pin n. now historical and rare a tool used in hat manufacture; see quots. 1688, 1813.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making headgear > [noun] > hat-making > equipment > rolling pin

waulking-pin1688

waulk-pin1845

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 291/1 The Walking~pin is a four square Iron,..with pointed ends; upon this the Workman rowls his Hat often times, and makes use of it as a rowling-pin, to lay his stuff close together in the walking of the Hat.

1813 ‘T. Martin’ Circle Mech. Arts 403/2 A small roller of wood, called a walking-pin, is made use of: over this the edges of the felt are turned, and the whole is rolled over in various directions with the walking-pin enclosed by the surrounding felt.

1933 Old-time New Eng. July 12/1 The delicately made ‘basket’ and ‘walking pin’ for forming the felt.

waulking song n. a rhythmical song sung by fullers while fulling cloth.

ΚΠ

1887 Trans. Gaelic Soc. Inv. 13 201 The waulking songs that they would be expected to sing.

1918 Times 24 Aug. 9/2 The process of shrinking wool has honour done to it in the Scots ‘waulking’ songs, sung as the cloth is passed from hand to hand across a long table to be wrung out.

1951 E. Linklater Laxdale Hall xxiii. 189 A wauking-song was the next item, with a lively chorus; but very few people sang the chorus.

2002 Evening News (Edinburgh) (Nexis) 12 Dec. 29 The sound is mesmerising, no matter whether the song is a Gaelic waulking song, or a contemporary classic.

† waulking-staff n. Obsolete a fuller's staff.

ΘΚΠ

perchc1300

perka1425

waulk-stock1434

millstock1546

waulking-staff1678

wool-stock1858

1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. iii. 54 Case Hardning..is used for Tobacco Boxes, Cod-peece Buttons, Heads for walking staves, &c.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	waulking
释义	waulkingn. Brit. /ˈwɔːkɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈwɔkɪŋ/, /ˈwɑkɪŋ/, Scottish English /ˈwɔkɪŋ/ Forms: see waulk v. and -ing suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: waulk v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < waulk v. + -ing suffix¹. Chiefly Scottish in later use. Now historical. The fulling of cloth. Cf. waulk v. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > fulling waulkingc1300 fulling1383 thickingc1440 tucking1467 tuckage1612 milling1884 c1300 St. Matthew (Laud) l. 6 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 77 (MED) Seint Matheu he saiȝ bi cas his mester don of walkingue, for a follare he was. c1450 in W. R. Dawson Leechbk. (1934) 256 Take the woll of a fullynge myll that goth fro the cloth with walkynge and flieth about on the walles. 1565 Burgh Court Perth 1 May 316 Dauid Dunmure..to ressaue the clayth walkit be him..Becaus he hes spilt the samyn in the walking. 1582 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1599) II. i. 162 The faults in Walking, Rowing, and Burling,..are to be knowen to the merchant. 1615 G. Markham Countrey Contentments ii. 90 The Hus-wife hath finisht her labour: for in the weauing, walking, and dressing thereof shee can challenge no propertie more then to intreate them..to discharge their duties with a good conscience. 1763 D. Brown Petition 8 They are obliged to admit, that none of them exercise the business of waulking. 1811 Edinb. Advertiser 7 May 290/4 (advt.) The situation is desirable for carrying out the business of waulking and bleaching extensively, being only two miles distant from Kelso. 1898 N. Munro John Splendid iv, in Living Age 4 June 639/2 Women, who, at the waulking or washing of woolen cloth new spun, pull out the fabric to tunes suited to such occasions. 1924 Times 29 July (Brit. Empire section) p. xiii./5 ‘Fulling’ or ‘waulking,’ to brighten and improve the texture, is then carried out, the cloth shrinking an inch or so in every foot in the process. 1964 H. Hodges Artifacts x. 145 The primitive method was to scour the cloth in hot soapy water, followed by walking (waulking). 1982 Times Lit. Suppl. 12 Feb. 171 The communal waulking or thickening of the cloth..has disappeared along with the social and economic circumstances which gave rise to it. 1992 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 18 Aug. 15 Waulking was the process of felting the cloth and making it waterproof and in the Highlands it was done with hands and feet. Compounds C1. General attributive. ΚΠ 1627 in A. Peterkin Rentals Earldom & Bishoprick of Orkney (1820) iii. 49 Thair is never lyming, walking-huis nor ony vther commodities quhilk may bring gain to the paroche for augmenting the rentall. 1763 D. Brown Petition 13 The pursuers had all the privileges that ever were competent to the actual waulkers, and even an exclusive right for debarring unfreemen from interfering in the waulking-trade. 1928 A. Carmichael Carmina Gadelica I. 306 Generally the waulking-women are young maidens, a few married women of good voice being distributed among them. 1928 A. Carmichael Carmina Gadelica I. 306 Occasionally the waulking-board is laid on the ground, and the women work the cloth with their feet. C2. waulking-mill n. now historical = waulk mill n. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > fulling > mill waulk mill1241 fulling mill1388 tucking-mill1467 tuck-milla1641 fullery1728 tucking-stock1751 walk mill1773 plash-mill1795 waulking-mill1805 1805 J. Luccock Nature & Prop. Wool iii. 165 The person engaged in this employment was called a waulker, or walker, of cloth; and the machine afterwards introduced to answer the same purpose was denominated a waulking-mill. 1886 Northern Notes & Queries Sept. 12 The waulking-mill, formed of ponderous wooden hammers, which beat the cloth in a damp state, till the open-wove cloth is closely felted together. 1969 J. L. Campbell Coll. Waulking Songs 3 There is an account of waulking-mills in a manuscript of 1581. 2002 B. Zarling Bones of Scotl. iii. 21 A waulking mill for treating the wool cloth that the plaids were made out of. waulking-pin n. now historical and rare a tool used in hat manufacture; see quots. 1688, 1813. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making headgear > [noun] > hat-making > equipment > rolling pin waulking-pin1688 waulk-pin1845 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 291/1 The Walking~pin is a four square Iron,..with pointed ends; upon this the Workman rowls his Hat often times, and makes use of it as a rowling-pin, to lay his stuff close together in the walking of the Hat. 1813 ‘T. Martin’ Circle Mech. Arts 403/2 A small roller of wood, called a walking-pin, is made use of: over this the edges of the felt are turned, and the whole is rolled over in various directions with the walking-pin enclosed by the surrounding felt. 1933 Old-time New Eng. July 12/1 The delicately made ‘basket’ and ‘walking pin’ for forming the felt. waulking song n. a rhythmical song sung by fullers while fulling cloth. ΚΠ 1887 Trans. Gaelic Soc. Inv. 13 201 The waulking songs that they would be expected to sing. 1918 Times 24 Aug. 9/2 The process of shrinking wool has honour done to it in the Scots ‘waulking’ songs, sung as the cloth is passed from hand to hand across a long table to be wrung out. 1951 E. Linklater Laxdale Hall xxiii. 189 A wauking-song was the next item, with a lively chorus; but very few people sang the chorus. 2002 Evening News (Edinburgh) (Nexis) 12 Dec. 29 The sound is mesmerising, no matter whether the song is a Gaelic waulking song, or a contemporary classic. † waulking-staff n. Obsolete a fuller's staff. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > fulling > mallet or staff perchc1300 perka1425 waulk-stock1434 millstock1546 waulking-staff1678 wool-stock1858 1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. iii. 54 Case Hardning..is used for Tobacco Boxes, Cod-peece Buttons, Heads for walking staves, &c. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1300
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