ashlarn.

Brit.

/ˈaʃlə/,

/ˈaʃlɑː/, U.S.

/ˈæʃlər/

Forms: Middle English achiler, Middle English as(s)cheler(e, Middle English–1600s asheler, 1500s aselar, aislar, achler, 1600s axler, asler, 1700s astler, 1800s aisler (Scottish1600s eslar, islare, 1700s estler, 1800s ezlar), 1500s– ashler, 1500s eslier, 1800s ashlar, eshlar.

Etymology: < Old French aiseler, aisselier, esselier < Latin axillāris , < axilla , diminutive of Latin axis , assis , ‘axle,’ also ‘board, plank’ (compare French ais , Italian asse ). Aisselle retained in Old French both senses; in modern French they seem to be shared between aisseau (= Old French aissel ) and aisselle . Old French aiseler , aisselier had senses pertaining to both; in English, senses 1 – Compounds 1 seem to arise out of the meaning ‘board, plank,’ 6 to be that which fills up the axilla, aisselle, ‘arm-pit’ or angle.

a. A square hewn stone for building purposes or for pavement (? so called as resembling in appearance, or serving the same purpose as, a wooden beam); also used as a missile in defending fortresses. (Cf. Provençal cairo = lapis quadratus, in latter sense.)

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > [noun] > stone as missile

stonec1275

ashlar1370

brickbat1563

beggars' bolts1608

brick-brack1649

rock1711

Irish confetti1908

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > dressed or hewn

parpen1252

parpen ashlar1361

ashlar1370

serch1416

ashlar-stonec1540

perpender1611

parpen stone1633

broad stone1703

plane ashlar1823

scantling1824

block-stonea1878

1370 Lay-Folks Mass-bk. App. iv. 364 Foul þei fond..As blac as pich was I-spred Vppon þe Aschelers euene.

a1450 MS. Cott. Calig. A ii. 117 That kyllede of þe Cristen, and kepten þe walles With arowes, and arblaste, and asschelers manye.

c1450 Mann. & Househ. Exp. 438 Every asheler is xij. ynche thykke and xviij. ynches longe.

c1530 Ld. Dacres in Archæol. XVII. 203 Achlers redie hewen..that nighhand will fynyshe the said four towrs being bulwarks.

1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. Prolog. f. 5 A Mason can nocht hew ane euin aislair staine without directioun of his rewill.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Attendants, ashlers, binding stones.

1847 J. Craig New Universal Dict. Eshlar.

1870 F. R. Wilson Archit. Surv. Churches Lindisfarne 84 Alternated with courses of cream-coloured ashlars.

b. collectively.

ΚΠ

1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. P1 Pauier ex quadrato lapide, which we call Ashler in Somersetshire.

1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 75 The Free-stone..if cut into oblong, or other sorts of squares, of a lesser bulk, they then call it Ashler.

1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §91 (note) [Ashler] a term used by masons for stones prepared in the square for building with regular courses.

1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters xiii. 269 It was a hard, compact, dark-coloured stone..and made excellent corner-stones and ashlar.

c. In this sense often ashlar-stone.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > dressed or hewn

parpen1252

parpen ashlar1361

ashlar1370

serch1416

ashlar-stonec1540

perpender1611

parpen stone1633

broad stone1703

plane ashlar1823

scantling1824

block-stonea1878

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. iii. iv. f. 27^v/1 The pauement hes bene of aselar stanis.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. vi. iv. 219 The Capitoll was also built of squared ashler stone [L. saxo quadrato].

a1758 A. Ramsay Poems (1800) I. 60 (Jam.) Houses biggit a' with estler stane.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. v. vii. 277 Ashlar stones of the Bastille continue thundering through the dusk.

2. (Also ashlar-work): Masonry constructed of square hewn stones; opposed to rubble-work.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > [noun] > stonework or masonry > types of

ashlar-work1398

rough wall1398

keying1483

corbelling1548

rustic1610

channel1611

rustic work1615

ledge1624

coffer-work1668

rubble work1675

canal1723

rockwork1755

ashlaring1758

rubble1815

ragwork1840

striped work1842

1398 Indent. Dormitory Durh. in Willis Archit. Nomencl. (1849) 25 Exterius de puro lapide vocato achiler plane inscisso, interius vero de fracto lapide vocato roghwall.

c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 76 Blak blood he se e-spred Apon þe aschelere euen.

15.. in Raine Auckland Cas. (1852) 64 (note) Eslier worke.

1606 W. Birnie Blame of Kirk-buriall xv. sig. D4 The Lords islare work the which is our edification.

c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 31 The staitlie croun, biggit of curious ashler wark.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 167 You may as well argue to the ashler-wark and iron-staunchels of the Tolbooth.

3. Similar masonry, usually in thin slabs, used as a facing to rubble or brick wall.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > [noun] > stonework or masonry > types of > as facing

ashlar1823

rock face1851

1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 328 By ashlar is also meant the facing of squared stones on the front of a building.

1879 in Cassells Techn. Educ. I. 97 Ashlar work is a sort of facing to a wall built by one of the other methods or of bricks.

4. (See quot.) ? only a loose use of 1b.

ΚΠ

1677 [see sense 1b].

1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Ashlar, Freestone as it comes out of the Quarry.

1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 328 Ashlar, a term applied to common or free-stones, as they come out of the quarry.

Compounds

C1. attributive.

ΚΠ

1681 C. Cotton Wonders of Peake (1699) 79 A level axler floor.

1841 Penny Cycl. XX. 34/2 Aisler causeway.

1851 T. H. Turner Some Acct. Domest. Archit. I. ii. 28 The masonry is rubble, with ashlar buttresses and quoins.

1879 E. Bartholomew in Cassell's Techn. Educator I. 314/2 The ashler causeway consists of hammer-dressed granite stones.

C2.

ashlar-piece n. = ashlaring n.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > roof-beam > rafter > posts

pendant1359

pendant-post1359

side post1625

crown post1663

king piece1663

king post1669

hip pole1783

queen post1797

king1811

queen1811

middle post1819

ashlar-piece1869

wall-post1871

pendentive1893

1869 J. H. Parker Conc. Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 3) 224 Ashlar pieces are fixed to every one of the rafters in most mediæval roofs.

ashlar-rafter n.

ΚΠ

1867 W. Papworth Gwilt's Encycl. Archit. (rev. ed.) ii. iii. 614 The nearly upright stud or ashlar rafter.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	ashlar
释义	ashlarn. Brit. /ˈaʃlə/, /ˈaʃlɑː/, U.S. /ˈæʃlər/ Forms: Middle English achiler, Middle English as(s)cheler(e, Middle English–1600s asheler, 1500s aselar, aislar, achler, 1600s axler, asler, 1700s astler, 1800s aisler (Scottish1600s eslar, islare, 1700s estler, 1800s ezlar), 1500s– ashler, 1500s eslier, 1800s ashlar, eshlar. Etymology: < Old French aiseler, aisselier, esselier < Latin axillāris , < axilla , diminutive of Latin axis , assis , ‘axle,’ also ‘board, plank’ (compare French ais , Italian asse ). Aisselle retained in Old French both senses; in modern French they seem to be shared between aisseau (= Old French aissel ) and aisselle . Old French aiseler , aisselier had senses pertaining to both; in English, senses 1 – Compounds 1 seem to arise out of the meaning ‘board, plank,’ 6 to be that which fills up the axilla, aisselle, ‘arm-pit’ or angle. 1. a. A square hewn stone for building purposes or for pavement (? so called as resembling in appearance, or serving the same purpose as, a wooden beam); also used as a missile in defending fortresses. (Cf. Provençal cairo = lapis quadratus, in latter sense.) ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > [noun] > stone as missile stonec1275 ashlar1370 brickbat1563 beggars' bolts1608 brick-brack1649 rock1711 Irish confetti1908 society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > dressed or hewn parpen1252 parpen ashlar1361 ashlar1370 serch1416 ashlar-stonec1540 perpender1611 parpen stone1633 broad stone1703 plane ashlar1823 scantling1824 block-stonea1878 1370 Lay-Folks Mass-bk. App. iv. 364 Foul þei fond..As blac as pich was I-spred Vppon þe Aschelers euene. a1450 MS. Cott. Calig. A ii. 117 That kyllede of þe Cristen, and kepten þe walles With arowes, and arblaste, and asschelers manye. c1450 Mann. & Househ. Exp. 438 Every asheler is xij. ynche thykke and xviij. ynches longe. c1530 Ld. Dacres in Archæol. XVII. 203 Achlers redie hewen..that nighhand will fynyshe the said four towrs being bulwarks. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. Prolog. f. 5 A Mason can nocht hew ane euin aislair staine without directioun of his rewill. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Attendants, ashlers, binding stones. 1847 J. Craig New Universal Dict. Eshlar. 1870 F. R. Wilson Archit. Surv. Churches Lindisfarne 84 Alternated with courses of cream-coloured ashlars. b. collectively. ΚΠ 1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. P1 Pauier ex quadrato lapide, which we call Ashler in Somersetshire. 1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 75 The Free-stone..if cut into oblong, or other sorts of squares, of a lesser bulk, they then call it Ashler. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §91 (note) [Ashler] a term used by masons for stones prepared in the square for building with regular courses. 1854 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters xiii. 269 It was a hard, compact, dark-coloured stone..and made excellent corner-stones and ashlar. c. In this sense often ashlar-stone. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > dressed or hewn parpen1252 parpen ashlar1361 ashlar1370 serch1416 ashlar-stonec1540 perpender1611 parpen stone1633 broad stone1703 plane ashlar1823 scantling1824 block-stonea1878 c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. iii. iv. f. 27^v/1 The pauement hes bene of aselar stanis. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. vi. iv. 219 The Capitoll was also built of squared ashler stone [L. saxo quadrato]. a1758 A. Ramsay Poems (1800) I. 60 (Jam.) Houses biggit a' with estler stane. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. v. vii. 277 Ashlar stones of the Bastille continue thundering through the dusk. 2. (Also ashlar-work): Masonry constructed of square hewn stones; opposed to rubble-work. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > [noun] > stonework or masonry > types of ashlar-work1398 rough wall1398 keying1483 corbelling1548 rustic1610 channel1611 rustic work1615 ledge1624 coffer-work1668 rubble work1675 canal1723 rockwork1755 ashlaring1758 rubble1815 ragwork1840 striped work1842 1398 Indent. Dormitory Durh. in Willis Archit. Nomencl. (1849) 25 Exterius de puro lapide vocato achiler plane inscisso, interius vero de fracto lapide vocato roghwall. c1426 J. Audelay Poems (1931) 76 Blak blood he se e-spred Apon þe aschelere euen. 15.. in Raine Auckland Cas. (1852) 64 (note) Eslier worke. 1606 W. Birnie Blame of Kirk-buriall xv. sig. D4 The Lords islare work the which is our edification. c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 31 The staitlie croun, biggit of curious ashler wark. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 167 You may as well argue to the ashler-wark and iron-staunchels of the Tolbooth. 3. Similar masonry, usually in thin slabs, used as a facing to rubble or brick wall. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > [noun] > stonework or masonry > types of > as facing ashlar1823 rock face1851 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 328 By ashlar is also meant the facing of squared stones on the front of a building. 1879 in Cassells Techn. Educ. I. 97 Ashlar work is a sort of facing to a wall built by one of the other methods or of bricks. 4. (See quot.) ? only a loose use of 1b. ΚΠ 1677 [see sense 1b]. 1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Ashlar, Freestone as it comes out of the Quarry. 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 328 Ashlar, a term applied to common or free-stones, as they come out of the quarry. Compounds C1. attributive. ΚΠ 1681 C. Cotton Wonders of Peake (1699) 79 A level axler floor. 1841 Penny Cycl. XX. 34/2 Aisler causeway. 1851 T. H. Turner Some Acct. Domest. Archit. I. ii. 28 The masonry is rubble, with ashlar buttresses and quoins. 1879 E. Bartholomew in Cassell's Techn. Educator I. 314/2 The ashler causeway consists of hammer-dressed granite stones. C2. ashlar-piece n. = ashlaring n. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > roof-beam > rafter > posts pendant1359 pendant-post1359 side post1625 crown post1663 king piece1663 king post1669 hip pole1783 queen post1797 king1811 queen1811 middle post1819 ashlar-piece1869 wall-post1871 pendentive1893 1869 J. H. Parker Conc. Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 3) 224 Ashlar pieces are fixed to every one of the rafters in most mediæval roofs. ashlar-rafter n. ΚΠ 1867 W. Papworth Gwilt's Encycl. Archit. (rev. ed.) ii. iii. 614 The nearly upright stud or ashlar rafter. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022). ashlarv. Brit. /ˈaʃlə/, /ˈaʃlɑː/, U.S. /ˈæʃlər/ Forms: Also ashler. Etymology: < ashlar n. transitive. To face with ashlar; cf. ashlar n. 3. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with stone > build or construct with stone [verb (transitive)] > other processes raggle1525 pin1680 rusticate1715 heart1776 tool1815 boast1823 fine-axe1834 ashlar1836 riprap1837 stroke1842 ditch1865 wraggle1875 bush-hammera1884 thorough-bind1884 society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > surfacing or cladding > clad or cover [verb (transitive)] > clad or cover with stone or brick pin1426 brick1579 to brick over1696 ashlar1836 1836 Mirror Lit., Amusem., & Instr. 28 147/1 It has been generally done by ‘ashlering’ them..with thin blocks or slabs of the same stone. 1895 T. Hardy Jude v. vii. 388 Sometimes setting the parapet of a town-hall, sometimes ashlaring an hotel at Sandbourne. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1370v.1836
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ashlarn.

Compounds

ashlarv.