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单词 waterspout
释义

waterspoutn.

Brit. /ˈwɔːtəspaʊt/, U.S. /ˈwɔdərˌspaʊt/, /ˈwɑdərˌspaʊt/
Forms: see water n. and spout n.
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: water n., spout n.
Etymology: < water n. + spout n.In sense 2 translating Hebrew ṣinnōr, of uncertain and disputed meaning, which is attested only twice in the Old Testament and Hebrew Scriptures (Psalm 42:7, 2 Samuel 5:8). The suggestions for the meaning of the Hebrew word are inferred from the contexts in which it occurs, of which the Psalm passage appears to be more straightforward, where the Hebrew word is generally taken to mean ‘flood of water, waterfall, fast-flowing stream’; in the passage from 2 Samuel, the precise sense is more uncertain, although it is often assumed that the word refers to a part of the underground water system in Jerusalem that pre-dates Hezekiah's tunnel, and hence may mean ‘water shaft, water pipe’. The translations of the Hebrew word in various versions of 2 Samuel 5:8 show that it has in that passage been taken to show sense 1a from an early date; compare e.g. post-classical Latin domatum fistulas , lit. ‘pipes of the roofs’ (Vulgate), Wycliffite Bible ‘goters’ (see quot. 1382 at gutter n.1 2), Douay-Rheims ‘gutters’, Revised Version (1881) ‘the watercourse’, N.R.S.V. ‘the water shaft’. In Psalm 42:7, the Septuagint uses Hellenistic Greek καταρράκτης , the Vulgate post-classical Latin cataracta cataract n.; early modern translators from the Hebrew tried to find a literal rendering of the Psalm passage in accordance with the supposed sense of the word in 2 Samuel 5:8, so that the Great Bible (1539), for instance, has ‘water-pipes’, as does the Book of Common Prayer (1662).
1.
a. A spout, pipe, or nozzle for discharging water; spec. a spout projecting from a gutter on the side of a building, frequently ornamented as a gargoyle. Also (in early use): a syringe.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > conduit, channel, or tube > pipe > spout
waterspouta1393
spout1408
cockc1483
jet1807
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 1193 (MED) This Signe [sc. Aquarius] is verraily resembled Lich to a man which halt assembled In eyther hand a water spoute, Wherof the stremes rennen oute.
1566 T. Drant Wailyngs Hieremiah in tr. Horace Medicinable Morall sig. K.ijv Therefore wepe I, and from myne eye, as from a water spoute, A flowyng streame, of gushyng teares, eftsoones doothe issue out.
1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 393/2 Sipho, a waterspowt, or a water squirt.
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xiii. 592/2 The Maior to attend in his owne person as chiefe Cuppe-waiter..to serue the king in a cuppe of gold with spices, and for his Fees to haue the said cuppe, and a Water-spowt-potte of gold thereunto belonging.
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια x. xix. 765 The Ewre-Muscles..are scituated outward and backeward aboue the gristle where it resembleth the figure of an Ewre or Water-spout.
1638 Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1892) III. 342 An instrument called a water spoute, which is verie necessarie for quenchinge of any greate fire sodainlie.
1730 A. Gordon tr. F. S. Maffei Compl. Hist. Anc. Amphitheatres 230 Next follows the Cornish,..with a Water-spout.
1751 A. McDouall Inst. Laws Scotl. I. 682 One cannot, by his fact or deed, throw the water from his own upon his neighbour's grounds, by water-spouts or otherwise.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xlii. 424 Mr. Carker..looked down at Mr. Dombey..like a leering face on an old water-spout.
1935 Times Lit. Suppl. 15 Aug. 508/4 Another important class of Balinese antiquities is richly carved water-spouts.
1981 R. Westall Scarecrows viii. 68 Tiny gurgle of water from the water-spouts like faceless gargoyles, high up in the walls.
2002 G. M. Eberhart Mysterious Creatures I. 309/2 The Makara sculptures that serve as waterspouts on the ninth-century Buddhist temple of Borobudur are elephantine.
b. A jet of water (from a fountain, geyser, spring, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > fountain > [noun] > jet or spout
waterspout1607
jettoa1660
girandolac1660
jet d'eau1669
gerbe1699
jetteau1710
grille1712
spirt1716
water jet1727
spurt1775
girandole1813
spring1818
water-bow1855
sea-spout1867
1607 R. Niccols Cuckow 24 When Boreas winged scouts Locks vp the fruitfull Terras water spouts.
a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 56 We were then brought down to the water-work, where was a ball tossed and danced two yards high by the strength and force of the water-spout.
1700 P. Danet Compl. Dict. Greek & Rom. Antiq. sig. M2/1 There is another Water which is not very clear..: one of this sort is to be seen, chiefly near to Athens, where it is convey'd to make Water-Spouts.
1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 4 I instruct him to make Basons, and Fountains with Water-spouts, to convey Water into his Gardens.
1804 Naval Chron. 11 43 There are several water-spouts of inferior note near the spring of Geyser.
1897 Guide to Wanganui 88 In another fissure close by is a small waterspout, which appears to have some connection with the whistler [sc. a geyser].
1946 Pop. Sci. Monthly Apr. 82 When the surrounding water rushes in to fill the hole left by the first geyser, it will meet in the center and a second giant waterspout will rise.
1999 G. Kissick Winter in Volcano x. 93 The waves churn against a broad lava shelf and a whistling waterspout shoots intermittently from the blowhole.
2. In the Biblical Psalm 42:7: (apparently) a torrent of water or a waterfall (see note in etymology).In later references or allusions to this passage the meaning is often construed as a use of sense 3; see, for example, quot. 1586 at sense 3a and quot. 1871 at sense 3b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > waterfall > [noun]
linnc975
waterfallOE
fallc1350
spout1534
waterspout1560
overfall1596
force1600
sault1600
watershoot1669
cascade1671
leap1796
chute1805
water wall1847
1560 Bible (Geneva) Psalms xlii. 7 One depe calleth another depe by ye noise of thy water spoutes.
1611 Bible (King James) Psalms xlii. 7 Deepe calleth vnto deepe at the noyse of thy water-spouts . View more context for this quotation
3.
a. A sudden and violent fall of rain; a cloudburst. Also: a sudden surge or rising of floodwater, a spate. Also figurative. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > [noun] > a or the fall of rain > downpour > sudden
rashOE
waterspout1586
downfall1603
plumpa1688
spate1727
cloud-burst1872
1586 T. Bankes Verie Godly Serm. xlii. f. 98 By the noyse..as..thy Waterspoutes [Note thy Cloudes sende downe the rayne.]
1768 tr. S. Gessner Daphnis ii. 88 Suddenly there burst a water spout, and a violent flood carried away my cottage, my trees, and my garden.
1778 P. Thicknesse Year's Journey France & Spain I. 351 The water-spouts which fell into the middle of those narrow streets almost deluged us.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 26 Some torrent or water-spout from the neighbouring hills overflowed the marshy ground below.
1843 G. Borrow Bible in Spain II. viii. 171 The demons of the clouds..assailed them with water-spouts as they toiled up the steep winding paths of Fuencebadon.
1852 J. Bright Let. 15 July in G. M. Trevelyan Life J. Bright (1913) 201 ‘After Lord Derby, the deluge,’ says Lord Maidstone... The ‘deluge’ means Manchester, it is said—a sort of political waterspout which is to sweep away all that Peer and Parson hold dear.
1889 F. E. Gretton Memory's Harkback 15 A waterspout burst on the hill overhanging the village of Mordiford.
1896 C. K. Paul tr. J.-K. Huysmans En Route ii. i. 149 It would be like a waterspout of clerical stupidity beating down on a country.
1986 P. Scupham Out Late 28 How could these couples ever doubt In snowfall, hail or waterspout That Spring would come again?
b. Meteorology. A rapidly rotating columnar vortex of mist and spray originating downward from a cloud base to reach a body of water below.It seems likely that this sense arose from later interpretation of sense 2.Some waterspouts effectively comprise a tornado over water, but many are much weaker and more short-lived than tornados over land.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > movement of waves > [noun] > water-spout or sea-storm
water pipe1539
cataract1555
spout1555
hurricano1608
waterspout1625
whirlwater1626
whirl-spout1737
vortex1769
typhon1774
whirl-pillar1850
1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes I. i. vi. 20 Tempests, Huricanos, Tufons, Water-spouts and dreadfull Meteors from the Aire.
1738 T. Shaw Trav. Barbary & Levant 362 Water Spouts are more frequent near the Capes of Latikea, Greego, and Carmel than in any other Part of the Mediterranean Sea.
1787 tr. C.-F. Volney Trav. Syria & Egypt I. xxi. 340 And hence will result those columns of water known by the name of Typhons and water-spouts.
1818 J. Keats Endymion iii. 122 When a dread waterspout had rear'd aloft Its hungry hugeness.
1829 J. Rennie in Mag. Nat. Hist. 1 458 Water-spouts make their appearance from the bosom of a heavy cloud,..gradually descending in a point like an inverted cone, sometimes perpendicularly, and sometimes bending, or waved.
1871 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David II. xlii. 303 As in a waterspout, the deeps above and below clasp hands, so it seemed to David that heaven and earth united to create a tempest around him.
1900 G. Tyrrell Oil & Wine (1907) 99 After many vain reachings towards one another, sea and sky at last unite in the waterspout.
1943 National Geographic Mag. Dec. 649 (caption) Waterspouts usually last only a few minutes.
2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 2 Sept. a20/2 On Sunday night, a waterspout moved onshore at Galveston Island.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

waterspoutv.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: waterspout n.
Etymology: < waterspout n.
Obsolete.
intransitive. To pour with rain, to rain heavily.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > rain > rain falls [verb (intransitive)] > rain heavily > and suddenly
waterspout1859
1859 Leisure Hour 20 Oct. 667/2 It rained, or rather it water-spouted, in such furious fashion, that we seemed to be pelted by fluid brick-bats.
1892 R. L. Stevenson Let. 28 May in Vailima Lett. (1895) 190 It was water-spouting; we were drenched before we got out of the town.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2019).
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n.a1393v.1859
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