viviparousadj.

Brit.

/vᵻˈvɪp(ə)rəs/,

/vʌɪˈvɪp(ə)rəs/, U.S.

/vəˈvɪp(ə)rəs/

Etymology: < Latin vīviparus (Appuleius), < vīvus alive, living + parĕre to bring forth: see -ous suffix. Compare French vivipare, Spanish viviparo, Portuguese viviparo, Italian viviparo.

1. Involving the production of young in a living state.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > types of reproduction > [adjective] > viviparous

viviparous1646

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. xxi. 158 We cannot from them expect a viviparous exclusion.

1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. ii. i. 48 This constitutes the viviparous reproduction of the Mammalia.

1890 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip 26 259 This..corresponds to the viviparous habit in some fishes and reptiles.

a. Of animals: Bringing forth young in a live state. (Usually opposed to oviparous.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > types of reproduction > [adjective] > viviparous > of animal

viviparous1651

viviparal1660

1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs ⁋267 Quadrupedes..together with us are viviparous, and hitherto more familiar to us, then birds, fishes, and animals oviparous.

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. ii. v. §3. 133 Viviparous cartilagineous fish, whose bodies are not long and round.

1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. v. 33 That uniform warmth, which is so necessary even in the incubation of Birds, much more in the time of gestation of Viviparous Animals.

1768 G. White Let. 18 June in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 50 Though they [sc. vipers] are oviparous, yet they are viviparous also, hatching their young within their bellies, and then bringing them forth.

c1792 M. Cutler in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) I. 469 The Sea-anemone is said to be viviparous.

1827 G. Higgins Celtic Druids 138 The oviparous quadrupeds are found..in more ancient strata than those of the viviparous class.

1858 G. H. Lewes Sea-side Stud. 249 The Pedicellina is viviparous, as well as oviparous, and gemmiparous.

1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life p. xliii The true Cetacea..are always viviparous.

b. With specific names.

ΚΠ

1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis i. v. i. 95 The Viviparous Eel-Pout... 'Tis well pictur'd by Adam Oleareus, who calls it a Sea-Wolf.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 177 The viviparous blenny..brings forth two or three hundred at a time, all alive.

1838 T. Bell Brit. Reptiles 17 Viviparous Lizard. Nimble Lizard. Common Lizard. Zootoca vivipara.

1890 Cent. Dict. Perch,..2. Any surf-fish or member of the Embiotocidæ: more fully called viviparous perch.

a. Botany. Reproducing from seeds or bulbs which germinate while still attached to the parent plant. Also in specific names.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > [adjective] > sprouting or germinating > viviparous

viviparous1777

1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica I. 101 [Festuca vivipara] Viviparous-Fescue-Grass. Anglis.

1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xx. 391 Grasses abound, which are viviparous, and consequently able to propagate themselves without seed.

1812 S. Edwards New Bot. Garden I. i. 58 The pericarps viviparous.

1846–50 A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 475 Polygonum viviparum, Viviperous [sic] Bistort.

1855 ‘E. S. Delamer’ Kitchen Garden 48 A few roots [of Rocambole] may be allowed standing-room as a curiosity, and as examples of viviparous plants.

1889 A. R. Wallace Darwinism (1890) 24 The buttercup is replaced by the little poisonous yellow oxalis with its viviparous buds.

b. Characterized by this mode of reproduction.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > [adjective] > sprouting or germinating > viviparous > characterized by viviparous reproduction

viviparous1802

1802 R. Hall Elem. Bot. 196 Viviparous Fructification,..when the rudiment of the germen grows out into leaves.

1906 Athenæum 12 May 581 The viviparous habit, now represented by the seedling hanging from the mangrove, was once nearly universal.

Derivatives

viˈviparousness n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > types of reproduction > [noun] > viviparity

viviparousness1855

viviparity1864

viviparism1876

vivipary1900

1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. iv. vii. 575 Creatures having large brains were seen to have other characteristics than that of intelligence: as..viviparousness.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	viviparous
释义	viviparousadj. Brit. /vᵻˈvɪp(ə)rəs/, /vʌɪˈvɪp(ə)rəs/, U.S. /vəˈvɪp(ə)rəs/ Etymology: < Latin vīviparus (Appuleius), < vīvus alive, living + parĕre to bring forth: see -ous suffix. Compare French vivipare, Spanish viviparo, Portuguese viviparo, Italian viviparo. 1. Involving the production of young in a living state. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > types of reproduction > [adjective] > viviparous viviparous1646 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. xxi. 158 We cannot from them expect a viviparous exclusion. View more context for this quotation 1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. ii. i. 48 This constitutes the viviparous reproduction of the Mammalia. 1890 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip 26 259 This..corresponds to the viviparous habit in some fishes and reptiles. 2. a. Of animals: Bringing forth young in a live state. (Usually opposed to oviparous.) ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > types of reproduction > [adjective] > viviparous > of animal viviparous1651 viviparal1660 1651 N. Biggs Matæotechnia Medicinæ Praxeωs ⁋267 Quadrupedes..together with us are viviparous, and hitherto more familiar to us, then birds, fishes, and animals oviparous. 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. ii. v. §3. 133 Viviparous cartilagineous fish, whose bodies are not long and round. 1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. v. 33 That uniform warmth, which is so necessary even in the incubation of Birds, much more in the time of gestation of Viviparous Animals. 1768 G. White Let. 18 June in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 50 Though they [sc. vipers] are oviparous, yet they are viviparous also, hatching their young within their bellies, and then bringing them forth. c1792 M. Cutler in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) I. 469 The Sea-anemone is said to be viviparous. 1827 G. Higgins Celtic Druids 138 The oviparous quadrupeds are found..in more ancient strata than those of the viviparous class. 1858 G. H. Lewes Sea-side Stud. 249 The Pedicellina is viviparous, as well as oviparous, and gemmiparous. 1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life p. xliii The true Cetacea..are always viviparous. b. With specific names. ΚΠ 1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis i. v. i. 95 The Viviparous Eel-Pout... 'Tis well pictur'd by Adam Oleareus, who calls it a Sea-Wolf. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 177 The viviparous blenny..brings forth two or three hundred at a time, all alive. 1838 T. Bell Brit. Reptiles 17 Viviparous Lizard. Nimble Lizard. Common Lizard. Zootoca vivipara. 1890 Cent. Dict. Perch,..2. Any surf-fish or member of the Embiotocidæ: more fully called viviparous perch. 3. a. Botany. Reproducing from seeds or bulbs which germinate while still attached to the parent plant. Also in specific names. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > [adjective] > sprouting or germinating > viviparous viviparous1777 1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica I. 101 [Festuca vivipara] Viviparous-Fescue-Grass. Anglis. 1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xx. 391 Grasses abound, which are viviparous, and consequently able to propagate themselves without seed. 1812 S. Edwards New Bot. Garden I. i. 58 The pericarps viviparous. 1846–50 A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 475 Polygonum viviparum, Viviperous [sic] Bistort. 1855 ‘E. S. Delamer’ Kitchen Garden 48 A few roots [of Rocambole] may be allowed standing-room as a curiosity, and as examples of viviparous plants. 1889 A. R. Wallace Darwinism (1890) 24 The buttercup is replaced by the little poisonous yellow oxalis with its viviparous buds. b. Characterized by this mode of reproduction. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > [adjective] > sprouting or germinating > viviparous > characterized by viviparous reproduction viviparous1802 1802 R. Hall Elem. Bot. 196 Viviparous Fructification,..when the rudiment of the germen grows out into leaves. 1906 Athenæum 12 May 581 The viviparous habit, now represented by the seedling hanging from the mangrove, was once nearly universal. Derivatives viˈviparousness n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > types of reproduction > [noun] > viviparity viviparousness1855 viviparity1864 viviparism1876 vivipary1900 1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. iv. vii. 575 Creatures having large brains were seen to have other characteristics than that of intelligence: as..viviparousness. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1920; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.1646
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