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virtualadj.n.  Brit.  /ˈvəːtʃʊəl/, /ˈvəːtʃ(ᵿ)l/, /ˈvəːtjʊəl/, /ˈvəːtjᵿl/, U.S. /ˈvərtʃ(əw)əl/Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin virtualis. Etymology: < post-classical Latin virtualis of or relating to power or potency (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), that has the power to produce an effect, potent (13th cent. in British sources), morally virtuous (from 13th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin virtus virtue n. + -ālis -al suffix1, after classical Latin virtuōsus virtuous adj. Compare Middle French, French virtuel that is such in essence, potentiality, or effect (1480), of or relating to a faculty of the soul (1481 in a philosophical context), possessing particular physical virtues, powerful (1526). Compare also Spanish virtual (early 15th cent.), Italian virtuale (a1406, earliest in sense A. 4a). Compare earlier virtuous adj.In the specific use in mechanics in sense A. 6 after French virtuel (1717 in this sense, in a letter by Johann Bernoulli to his French colleague Pierre Varignon, with reference to velocity, 1858 with reference to momentum). With the α. forms compare the α. forms at virtue n. A. adj. I. Senses relating to particular qualities or virtues; = virtuous adj.†1. the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > [adjective] > endowed with virtue or efficacy a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. viii. 1276 But vertual light [L. luce virtuali] ygadered in a litel place oþer in a poynt is ycleped moche light. a1500 (c1477) T. Norton (BL Add.) (1975) l. 1740 (MED) Oure chief digestere for oure entent Is virtualle hete of the matere digerent. 1598 G. Chapman in C. Marlowe & G. Chapman (new ed.) iii. sig. F3 So to all obiects..his sences flame Flowd from his parts, with force so virtuall, It fir'd with sence things meere insensuall. 1626 F. Bacon §326 See if the Virtuall Heat of the Wine, or Strong Waters will not mature it. 1657 R. Ligon 106 Though the virtuall beams of the Sun, give growth and life to all the Plants and Flowers it shines on. 1675 E. Wilson Pref. sig. A5 Even ordinary water admits of a virtual mixture at least, as Experience evidenceth in Chalybiate waters. 1724 P. Miller II. sig. P8 By..the virtual Qualities of the Sun and Air, [vapours] are formed into Clouds. 1792 June 448/1 By his virtual heat he [sc. Jupiter] fosters the fœtus, and by his moisture nourishes what had been dried up by Saturn in the first month. the world > plants > valued plants and weeds > [adjective] > medicinal the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [adjective] > efficacious > supremely effective > of herbs 1604 T. Dekker sig. C2 O graue Enchauntresse, deigne to breath Thy Spells into vs, and bequeath Thy sacred fires, that they may shine In quick and vertuall medicine. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc 364 To Rivers they sacrifice the shels that come from them, to fountains fruits and vertual herbs [Fr. herbes exquises]. 1683 J. Lead 91 An high virtual Balsom, to heal the Wounded, who are under the striking of the Scorpion-Sting of the Serpent. 1713 T. Harris 6 The Panacea from Himself display'd Rich virtual Streams of Health, and distant Cures convey'd. 1794 J. Hurdis 18 Ev'ry nook Some latent beauty to her wakeful search Presented, some sweet flow'r, some virtual plant. 1830 T. Aird ii. 87 She knew..All virtual flowers; and how to win them..in their nightly dew. 2. the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > [adjective] ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 177 For a man and the worlde be assimilate in iij. thynges, in dimension diametralle.., in disposicion naturalle, and in operation virtualle [L. in operatione virtuali]. 1526 W. Bonde iii. sig. HHHviiv That is called after saynt Thomas virtuall attencion, whiche causeth a person in the begynnyng of his prayer, to haue an actuall consideracion of the prayer or duety that he hath to do. 1619 W. Sclater 37 So vertuall was the speech of Paul a Prisoner, in the heart of his Judge. 1672 J. Josselyn 12 The Loone is a Water Fowl, alike in shape to the Wobble, and as virtual for Aches. 1683 J. Moxon II. Pref. 5 Dr. Dee..as a vertual Proof of his own Learned Plea, quotes two Authentique Authors. 1712 J. Matthews 10 He devises how his Liberality may have a constant and virtual Operation after his Decease. the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > [adjective] 1760 J. Smeaton in (Royal Soc.) 51 111 The circumference of the wheel, 75 inches, multiplied by 86 turns, gives 6450 inches for the velocity of the water in a minute; 1/ 60 of which will be the velocity in a second, equal to 107,5 inches, or 8,96 feet, which is due to a head of 15 inches; and this we call the virtual or effective head. 1815 J. Smith II. 124 Whatever may be the real length of the leg b a [of a siphon], the virtual or acting length when in use, only extends from b to the surface of the fluid. 1843 W. B. Carpenter ix. 213 This point is termed the centre of oscillation; and its distance from the centre of suspension is the virtual or acting length of the pendulum. 1908 W. J. Millar (ed. 17) 101 In a close pipe it [sc. friction] takes effect by diminishing the pressure, and the virtual head due to it. 1910 A. 84 192 a′ is the virtual radius, i.e., the value calculated on the simple theory, and a the true radius. 1999 J. M. Coulson et al. (ed. 6) I. viii. 333 The power can also be expressed as the product Ghg, where..h is termed the virtual head developed by the pump. society > morality > virtue > [adjective] a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun (Nero) vii. l. 2206 Iohun of Salerne, prest cardynale, Commendit a lorde wertuale. 1607 T. Dekker sig. D2v You by your heauenly Influence change his vilenes Into a vertuall habit fit for vse. 1799 May 299/2 It is the expression of the moral, sentimental, and virtual life which makes beauty. 1898 G. Meredith 91 It was the foreign France, the unruly, feared;..Not virtual France, the France benevolent, The chivalrous. II. Senses relating to essential, as opposed to physical or actual, existence. 4. the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [adjective] > that is so in essence or virtual c1443 R. Pecock (1927) 60 Þe virtual conteyner muste nedis be more parfit þan þe content or þan þe virtualy conteyned þing. a1525 J. Irland Of Penance & Confession in W. A. Craigie (1923) I. 68 In my hert consentand to thire [sc. sins]..in murmuracoun aganis God formale or wertuall. 1593 T. Bell ii. xi. 151 The Pope shall give to every seminarie priest, full authoritie to absolve from all excommunications and reserved cases what soever: so that now we have so many virtuall Popes in England, as seminarie priests. 1654 Bp. J. Taylor 21 We affirm that Christ is really taken by faith,..they say he is taken by the mouth, and that the spiritual and the virtual taking him in virtue or effect is not sufficient, though done also. 1656 A. Burgess lxxv. 398 If such things do come to passe, it's either by their expresse or virtuall compact with the devil. 1734 D. Waterland 30 Every Proof a priori proceeds by Causes either real or virtual. 1786 J. Appleton I. 282 Nor can [a mortal sin] be forgiven without repentance, either actual or virtual. 1850 R. Montgomery 157 The ship may be said to have its virtual existence in the acorn, out of whose substance it is finally derived. 1883 A. Barratt 157 The simplest conscious action involves actual or virtual thought. 1968 P. Warner iii. 54 By the time William heard the news in the south the siege was more than virtual; it was taking place physically. 1990 C. Gandelman in E. Spolsky iv. 94 The appreciation of an Other who is no longer virtual (inside the consciousness of the author) but actual, in the world. 1648 J. Wildman 9 Whats such a Commitment lesse than a virtuall publicke Declaration, that you shall be destroyed in your Liberties, [etc.]. 1697 G. Burghope 166 We shall find it to amount to no less than a vertual renunciation of our baptism. 1769 E. Burke 77 One part of it could not be yielded..without a virtual surrender of all the rest. 1787 J. Bentham viii. 73 (heading) Virtual Usury allowed. 1820 J. Milner 132 To prevent the virtual choice of a Catholic Bishop by an A-Catholic Ministry. 1848 H. H. Wilson III. v. 211 He had reigned thirty-three years, during the first ten of which he was virtual sovereign of the greater part of Hindustan. 1922 July 206/1 Men who have lived unto themselves since they were virtual outlaws at the time of the Revolution. 1981 C. Dexter iii. 37 She knew, with virtual certainty, that Charles had been unfaithful to her in the past. 2011 (National ed.) 10 June a1/1 Egypt's economy..has now ground to a virtual halt. 1692 W. Molyneux ix. 56 Draw g k directly to cross the Axis in e. I call the Point e the Virtual Focus, or Point of Divergence. 1692 W. Molyneux 96 What is here Demonstrated concerning the Real Image of a Convex Glass may be accommodated to the Virtual Image of a Concave. 1728 E. Chambers at Point Point of Dispersion, is that wherein the Rays begin to diverge; usually call'd the Virtual Focus. 1808 J. Webster (new ed.) 185 They issued from the virtual focus in the axis of the lens. 1859 S. Parkinson i. viii. 127 The image of an object under water is virtual. 1913 26 Sept. 445/1 Irrespective of direction, the curvature is considered..negative if from a virtual focus. 2008 G. Jacobs & J. Schulman xxiv. 290 A real image can be projected onto a screen, whereas a virtual image cannot. 1807 T. Young II. 45/1 This principle was extended still further by John Bernoulli, under the name of the law of virtual velocities. Where the forces acting on the different bodies are different, there is always an equilibrium when the sum of all the products of the masses into the forces by which they are actuated, and then into the initial velocities with which they would be obliged to move, referred to the direction of these forces, becomes equal to nothing. 1867 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait I. i. §237 The product of the force, into the virtual velocity of its point of application, has been called the Virtual Moment of the force. 1945 31 346 The differential equation of rolling in still water [where]..I is the virtual moment of inertia about the longitudinal axis through the center of gravity. 2010 A. F. Bower viii. 471 The principle of virtual work must be satisfied for all virtual velocities. 1931 A. 132 681 Simple assumptions would be that the energy ε of the particles in a level depended on the number p on the level according to equation ε = A − a.p or ε = A − a.p2, where A might be considered as the energy of the virtual level, and a the interaction energy. 1955 I. Kaplan xvi. 368 Each excited state of the compound nucleus, whether bound or virtual, has a certain mean lifetime. 1963 20 151 Because of dipole-dipole fluctuations, atoms neighboring a chosen one, i, occupy some virtual excited states part of the time. 2007 C. Iliadis ii. 131 Virtual states are not single-particle levels, but are the result of the interactions of many nucleons. 1943 W. Heitler & H. W. Peng in (1944) A. 49 110 Virtual mesons of all polarizations occur. 1961 W. S. C. Williams xiii. 341 The four-momentum of this virtual electron is about 140 Mev/c. 1990 J. Gribbin & M. Rees (1991) iv. 127 This strange dance of virtual particles is a requirement of quantum mechanics linked with the concept of uncertainty. 2008 1 Nov. 16/2 The Casimir-Polder force..arises from the exchange of the ‘virtual’ photons that pop in and out of existence in a vacuum. 9. 1959 xvi. 82/2 The sole function of the virtual memory is to increase machine speed. 1972 15 199/2 We can..easily add new instructions to our virtual hardware, merely by extending the interpreter. 1991 Feb. 273/2 You will want to make your virtual disk big enough to hold your file. 2009 6 Oct. 16/1 This free application essentially allows Amazon S3 online filespace to act as a virtual drive for PCs and servers. society > computing and information technology > [adjective] > relating to environment 1982 12 July 32/2 A virtual office would be..built around a portable personal computer and local-area networks that would expand working horizons dramatically. 1991 (U.K. ed.) Sept. 118/2 Much of the content of this network will be private messages serving as ‘virtual’ town halls, village greens and coffeehouses. 1997 Mar. 13/1 Virtual gigs are, like virtual sex, no substitute for the real thing. 2007 July (Travel Chilled Suppl.) 25/1 Second Life audio kit... Ideal for making your virtual living room as tech-heavy as your real-life abode. 2012 4 Apr. 38/4 The NHS should make more use of ‘virtual wards’. B. n.1646 J. Maxwell 20 Whatsoever power..the Catholike Church, or her virtuall and Representative, an œcumenical Councel, justly challengeth, this general Assembly vindicateth to it selfe. 1882 (new ed.) 737/2 The virtual is strong but indefinite. The potential is powerful but inactive. 1915 15 76/2 We must know what phase of the act is being used by thought to change the actual into the virtual. 1970 C. Maschler tr. J. Piaget ix. 43 Locating the real within a system of virtuals. 1977 5 217 The Waters symbolize the entire world of the virtual; they are..the reservoir of all the potentialities of existence. 1999 ‘MC Jabber’ in S.-J. Lovett 103 You can live on, the virtual is such a tempting choice. 2009 Mar. 37/1 Guitar Hero's genius was to retain at its core this mimetic act—the buttons, the colors, the high-velocity ‘beat-matching’—while conjuring around it, via the black arts of the virtual, a floating sensorium of rock-and-roll performance. Compounds 1966 5 79 The longer address is treated..as a virtual address that must be transformed to the actual, shorter memory address. 1992 Nov. 296/2 Instead of accessing physical RAM locations directly, all application programs work through virtual addresses. 1995 (Nexis) 9 Feb. The Internet's a great way to communicate but you just can't send real chocolates to a virtual address. 2011 (Nexis) 30 Nov. He moved from his Santa Clara digs to Austin, Texas, two years ago, but his virtual address remains the same. 2012 D. A. Patterson & J. L. Hennessy (ed. 4) v. 493 We can think of a virtual address as the title of a book and a physical address as the location of that book in the library. 1880 15 Oct. 405/2 We have also a virtual cathode in the immediate neighbourhood, formed by the emergence of the current from the nerve into the surrounding tissues. 1964 1 Oct. 29/1 It was found that a virtual cathode could be obtained with a beam current of 3·5 milliamperes or more. 2006 C. E. Stewart xv. 212 Many electrons will pass through the anode and form a bubble of space charge—the virtual cathode—behind the anode. society > faith > church government > council > [noun] > acting for whole church 1616 T. Beard v. 148 [They] take the Church in the third sense for the Pope, and then you haue the man that is the Church virtuall, and must be all in all. 1646 J. Maxwell 45 It was not consented to by the Church: that is, the Virtuall Church, the Generall Assemblie. 1799 G. Thomson 13 The papists will have the church virtual, i.e. the pope so far above kings, that he may dethrone them. 1848 C. Wordsworth ii. 26 If the Romanists will resign up their senses and understanding to this virtual Church, (which is the Pope), [etc.]. 1805 Jan. 30 Although a perfect combination of all the dealers in one article is impossible, yet each trade may be considered as a virtual corporation, and actuated by a corporation spirit. 1897 7 207 Farmers who have clubbed together to buy a reaper may be considered as forming a virtual corporation with unwritten stock. 1992 W. H. Davidow & M. S. Malone i. 5 What will the virtual corporation look like?.. To the outside observer, it will appear almost edgeless, with permeable and continuously changing interfaces between company, supplier, and customers. 2000 19 Sept. 6/1 The idea is to scale this up and bind virtual corporations that coalesce very quickly in internet time for a project. 1849 22 i. 116 The equation of virtual velocities, as stated by M. Poisson and other writers, supposes no virtual displacements but those for which equal and opposite displacements are possible. 1930 37 523 The virtual work of the weight w of the bead is δW = − 3 wq2δq, and this vanishes at q = 0 for every virtual displacement. 2006 B. K. Donaldson i. 33 If a rigid body is in static equilibrium, any virtual displacement leads to zero virtual work. 1928 16 85 The heights as given in this paper are virtual heights. They are calculated on the assumption that ordinary reflection takes place and that the layer is parallel to the earth's surface. 1975 D. G. Fink xviii. 107 A height equal to the virtual height h′ of reflection of the equivalent vertical frequency. 2008 J. A. Richards iii. 34 The height will be overestimated when assuming..that the signal travels at the speed of light; that is why it is referred to as the virtual height. 1965 4 199 This memory is achieved with a conventional ‘one-dimensional’ memory and an appropriate addressing technique. Such abstractions are coming to be known as virtual machines. 1988 12 Jan. 52/2 The familiar Ctrl-Alt-Del keystroke can be used to reboot the current virtual machine. 2009 (Nexis) 7 Sept. All of your keystrokes and mouse clicks are going to be directed to the virtual machine, not your Mac. 1959Virtual memory [see sense A. 9a]. 1985 Apr. 54/1 No doubt this is a side effect of using the disc as a virtual memory. 2011 (Nexis) 8 Aug. Your physical RAM fills up and OS X starts using your hard drive to supplement it with virtual memory. 1992 27 Apr. 14/2 Further into the future, the more esoteric possibilities include virtual reality products—computer-generated artificial worlds—such as virtual-pets or even virtual-friends that could talk and have limited powers of human-like interaction. 1993 25 Apr. (Business Computing Mag.) 8/3 The team is creating the world's first ‘virtual pets’, the Charlottes... Although the project is in its infancy the team has already managed to create a computer-screen world where these creatures live. 1997 (Nexis) 1 Dec. 13 c Hand-held virtual pets come in many shapes and abilities. 2001 May 73/3 Virtual pets, or tamagotchis as the Japanese christened them a few years ago, are back in mobile form. 1983 III. 609/2 Capabilities such as CSDC and Virtual Private Networks. 1994 11 July 62/2 We have a virtual private network now from here to the U.K. 2012 (Nexis) 4 Mar. (Features section) 7 I have the old-school DJ set-up... It's connected to a computer which is connected to the studio through a virtual private network. 1765 D. Dulany 6 Where have They defined, or precisely explained what They mean by the Expression, Virtual Representation? As it is the very Hinge upon which the Rectitude of the Taxation turns, something more satisfactory than mere Assertion..is necessary. 1839 (2nd Sess., 14th Parl.) 2 1499/1 You struck down, by the Reform Bill, the notion of a virtual representation, but you have not given a real representation in its stead. 1960 L. M. Thompson iii. 115 This is the old argument of ‘virtual representation’, which had been used by Britain against her North American colonies in the eighteenth century and by opponents of parliamentary reform in Britain in the nineteenth century. 2008 (Nexis) 26 Sept. 23 Just as Americans then dismissed the notion of ‘virtual representation’ by the English, US politicians are ensuring that Paulson is not handed a blank cheque and that taxpayers gain equity representation in a bail-out of Wall Street funded by them. 1871 13 July 204/1 This high temperature, besides, is really a virtual temperature, as..this body at the outer shell must certainly be at a lower temperature. 1910 C. Abbe tr. C. M. Guldberg & H. Mohn in 51 No. 4. 124 We call the quantity T the virtual temperature; for dry air the virtual temperature is the same as the absolute temperature. 2006 J. M. Wallace & P. V. Hobbs iii. 67/2 Even for very warm and moist air, the virtual temperature exceeds the actual temperature by only a few degrees. 1877 G. M. Minchin iv. 61 The product of the force, P, by the projection, ON, of the virtual displacement is called the virtual work of the force. 1942 J. L. Synge & B. A. Griffith ii. 60 The chief merit of the principle of virtual work lies in the fact that it does not involve the reactions of constraints. 2007 T. H. G. Megson (ed. 4) iv. 90 The virtual work done by the forces, F, during the virtual displacement, Δv, is zero. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  adj.n.a1398 |