† gnastn.

Forms: Also Middle English gnaste, knast.

Etymology: Old English -gnást (in fýr-gnást ) strong masculine, spark, cognate with Old High German gneista weak feminine, gneisto weak masculine, also ganeheista (Middle High German ganeist(e , gneist(e) , Old Norse gneiste weak masculine. The Old High German ganeheista suggests formation < Old Germanic *ga- + *ana preposition (= on prep.) + *hait (see hot adj.); some scholars refer the word to the Germanic root *aiđ- to burn (as in Old English ád funeral pyre).

Obsolete.

A spark; the snuff of a candle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > [noun] > wick > snuff

gnastc1175

snuff1382

snitc1420

snotc1420

snitingc1440

candle-sniting1483

candle-snuff1552

snuffing?1575

snaste1592

snuft1657

the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > a small quantity or amount > a very small amount

shredc1000

farthingsworthc1325

pennyworthc1330

incha1350

sliverc1374

chipa1393

gnastc1440

Jack1530

spoonful1531

crumba1535

spark1548

slight1549

pin's worth1562

scruple1574

thought1581

pinch1583

scrap1583

splinter1609

ticket1634

notchet1637

indivisible1644

tinyc1650

twopence1691

turn of the scale(s)1706

enough to swear by1756

touch1786

scrimptiona1825

infinitesimal1840

smidgen1841

snuff1842

fluxion1846

smitchel1856

eyelash1860

smidge1866

tenpenceworth1896

whisker1913

tidge1986

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 81 Þe oðer [brond] is aquenched al buten a gnast.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xxix. 5 And shal be..as a gnast thurgh passende, the multitude of hem that aȝen thee hadden maistri.

14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 592/31 Lichinus, gnast of candele.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 277/2 Knast, or gnaste of a kandel (K. knast of candelle), emunctura.

c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine i. 159 Ovre wyt on-to his wyt is but a knast.

1513 Lydgate's Troye Bk. (Pynson) i. iv. B ij And as a gnast firste of lytell hate Encauseth flawme of contek and debate.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

† gnastv.

Forms: Middle English–1500s gnaist(e, gnayste, Middle English–1500s gnaste, Middle English–1500s gnast.

Etymology: The early form gnaiste would seem to point to adoption of an Old Norse *gneista, an ablaut-variant of gnísta to gnash the teeth. Old Norse had also gnastan, gnastran (beside gnístan, gnístran) gnashing of teeth, and a strong verb gnesta to crack, clatter. The ultimate origin is probably onomatopoeic, which may account for the anomalous variation in the root-vowel.

Obsolete.

1. intransitive. = gnash v. 1.

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > show anger [verb (intransitive)] > gnash or grind the teeth

gristbitec900

grindc1000

gnasta1300

grinta1300

gnacche13..

beatc1360

grunta1400

gristc1460

gnash1496

grash1563

infrendiate1623

crinch1808

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > other manifestations of sorrow > manifest sorrow [verb (intransitive)] > gnash teeth

gristbitec900

grindc1000

gnasta1300

grenta1425

gnash1496

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (intransitive)] > grate > grind or gnash teeth

gristbitec900

grindc1000

gnasta1300

grinta1300

gnacche13..

chirka1387

grenta1425

grunt1426

gristc1460

gnash1496

to crash with the teeth1530

grash1563

granch1736

chark1825

a1300 E.E. Psalter (Horstm.) ii. 1 Wharfore gnaisted gomes swo.

1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxxiv. 19 Þai gnaystid on me wiþ þaire tethe.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. v. 29 He shal gnasten [L. frendet], and holden the prei.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19434 Þai bigan to gnast with toth.

c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 1756 This hors..gnaisting and neeing hym vndere his fete he keste.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vi. xv All tho greued and gnasted at syre launcelot.

1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. bb.iiij^v They gnaste with theyr teeth.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 569/1 I gnast with the tethe. I make a noyse by reason I thruste one tothe upon another.

2. transitive. = gnash v. 2.

ΘΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > show anger [verb (transitive)] > gnash or grind the teeth

gnasta1300

grunta1400

grate1555

gnash1590

beat1597

grit1797

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > other manifestations of sorrow > manifest sorrow [verb (transitive)] > gnash (teeth)

gnasta1300

crashc1440

grash1563

grind1573

gnash1590

grit1797

a1300 E.E. Psalter (Horstm.) cxi[i]. 10 Sinful sal se..And gnaiste his tethe he sal with-al.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19354 Þen be-gan þai..for tene þair tethe to gnast.

c1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 301 Good son þy tethe be not pikynge, grisynge, ne gnastynge.

Derivatives

† ˈgnaster n. Obsolete one who gnashes.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 200/2 Gnastere,..fremitor.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	gnast
释义	† gnastn. Forms: Also Middle English gnaste, knast. Etymology: Old English -gnást (in fýr-gnást ) strong masculine, spark, cognate with Old High German gneista weak feminine, gneisto weak masculine, also ganeheista (Middle High German ganeist(e , gneist(e) , Old Norse gneiste weak masculine. The Old High German ganeheista suggests formation < Old Germanic ga- + ana preposition (= on prep.) + hait (see hot adj.); some scholars refer the word to the Germanic root aiđ- to burn (as in Old English ád funeral pyre). Obsolete. A spark; the snuff of a candle. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > [noun] > wick > snuff gnastc1175 snuff1382 snitc1420 snotc1420 snitingc1440 candle-sniting1483 candle-snuff1552 snuffing?1575 snaste1592 snuft1657 the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > a small quantity or amount > a very small amount shredc1000 farthingsworthc1325 pennyworthc1330 incha1350 sliverc1374 chipa1393 gnastc1440 Jack1530 spoonful1531 crumba1535 spark1548 slight1549 pin's worth1562 scruple1574 thought1581 pinch1583 scrap1583 splinter1609 ticket1634 notchet1637 indivisible1644 tinyc1650 twopence1691 turn of the scale(s)1706 enough to swear by1756 touch1786 scrimptiona1825 infinitesimal1840 smidgen1841 snuff1842 fluxion1846 smitchel1856 eyelash1860 smidge1866 tenpenceworth1896 whisker1913 tidge1986 c1175 Lamb. Hom. 81 Þe oðer [brond] is aquenched al buten a gnast. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. xxix. 5 And shal be..as a gnast thurgh passende, the multitude of hem that aȝen thee hadden maistri. 14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 592/31 Lichinus, gnast of candele. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 277/2 Knast, or gnaste of a kandel (K. knast of candelle), emunctura. c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine i. 159 Ovre wyt on-to his wyt is but a knast. 1513 Lydgate's Troye Bk. (Pynson) i. iv. B ij And as a gnast firste of lytell hate Encauseth flawme of contek and debate. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † gnastv. Forms: Middle English–1500s gnaist(e, gnayste, Middle English–1500s gnaste, Middle English–1500s gnast. Etymology: The early form gnaiste would seem to point to adoption of an Old Norse gneista, an ablaut-variant of gnísta* to gnash the teeth. Old Norse had also gnastan, gnastran (beside gnístan, gnístran) gnashing of teeth, and a strong verb gnesta to crack, clatter. The ultimate origin is probably onomatopoeic, which may account for the anomalous variation in the root-vowel. Obsolete. 1. intransitive. = gnash v. 1. ΘΠ the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > show anger [verb (intransitive)] > gnash or grind the teeth gristbitec900 grindc1000 gnasta1300 grinta1300 gnacche13.. beatc1360 grunta1400 gristc1460 gnash1496 grash1563 infrendiate1623 crinch1808 the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > other manifestations of sorrow > manifest sorrow [verb (intransitive)] > gnash teeth gristbitec900 grindc1000 gnasta1300 grenta1425 gnash1496 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (intransitive)] > grate > grind or gnash teeth gristbitec900 grindc1000 gnasta1300 grinta1300 gnacche13.. chirka1387 grenta1425 grunt1426 gristc1460 gnash1496 to crash with the teeth1530 grash1563 granch1736 chark1825 a1300 E.E. Psalter (Horstm.) ii. 1 Wharfore gnaisted gomes swo. 1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxxiv. 19 Þai gnaystid on me wiþ þaire tethe. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. v. 29 He shal gnasten [L. frendet], and holden the prei. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19434 Þai bigan to gnast with toth. c1450 Mirour Saluacioun 1756 This hors..gnaisting and neeing hym vndere his fete he keste. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur vi. xv All tho greued and gnasted at syre launcelot. 1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. bb.iiij^v They gnaste with theyr teeth. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 569/1 I gnast with the tethe. I make a noyse by reason I thruste one tothe upon another. 2. transitive. = gnash v. 2. ΘΠ the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > show anger [verb (transitive)] > gnash or grind the teeth gnasta1300 grunta1400 grate1555 gnash1590 beat1597 grit1797 the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > other manifestations of sorrow > manifest sorrow [verb (transitive)] > gnash (teeth) gnasta1300 crashc1440 grash1563 grind1573 gnash1590 grit1797 a1300 E.E. Psalter (Horstm.) cxi[i]. 10 Sinful sal se..And gnaiste his tethe he sal with-al. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19354 Þen be-gan þai..for tene þair tethe to gnast. c1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 301 Good son þy tethe be not pikynge, grisynge, ne gnastynge. Derivatives † ˈgnaster n. Obsolete one who gnashes. Π c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 200/2 Gnastere,..fremitor. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.c1175v.a1300
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