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单词 vice-
释义

vice-prefix

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element.
representing Latin vice in place of: see vice prep. Originally this governed a following word in the genitive, but in late Latin the tendency to use the phrase as a compound noun appears in vicequæstor (equivalent to prōquæstor of analogous origin). In medieval Latin such formations became common, as vicecomes, -consul, -decanus, -dominus, -princeps, -rector, -rex, etc. From the 13th cent. onwards a number of these appear in Old French, at first usually with the prefix in the form of vis-, vi-, but latterly assimilated as a rule to the Latin original. Similar compounds with vice- are also employed in Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese The older examples in English, having been taken immediately from French, also present the prefix in the reduced forms vis- (vys, viz-) and vi- (vy-), subsequently replaced by vice- (also in early use vize-) except in viscount n. The more important compounds are given below as main words; the following are illustrations of less usual or more recent terms.
1. With personal designations, especially titles of office, indicating that the person so called acts temporarily or regularly in place of, in the absence of, or as assistant to, another who properly holds the office or bears the title or name.In the dictionaries of Florio and Miége many examples of similar forms are employed to render the Italian and French equivalents, e.g. vice-captain, vice-cardinal, vice-censor, vice-commissary, etc.
a.
vice-abbot n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈabət/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈæbət/
Π
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Hunt. 50 Gregory of Huntington..was bred a Benedictine Monke in Ramsey, where he became Prior or Vice-Abbot.
vice-agent n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈeɪdʒ(ə)nt/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈeɪdʒ(ə)nt/
Π
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xli. 81 A vassall whom Satan hath made his viceagent.
vice-Apollo n.
Brit. /ˌvʌɪsəˈpɒləʊ/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsəˈpɑloʊ/
Π
1646 R. Crashaw Steps to Temple 34 Him the Muses love to follow, Him they call their vice-Apollo.
vice-apostle n.
Brit. /ˌvʌɪsəˈpɒsl/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsəˈpɑs(ə)l/
Π
1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. xiii. 114 They were Comites, and Vicarii Apostolorum, Vice-Apostles.
vice-architect n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈɑːkᵻtɛkt/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈɑrkəˌtɛk(t)/
Π
1780 Philos. Trans. 1779 (Royal Soc.) 69 598 M. Forfait.., vice-architect of the French navy.
vice-ban n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈban/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈbæn/
Π
1690 London Gaz. No. 2617/2 The Troops there under the Command of the Ban and Vice-Ban, were obliged by the bad weather to separate.
vice-Bassa n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈbasə/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈbæsə/
Π
1686 London Gaz. No. 2201/2 He who formerly commanded that Garison was Vice-Bassa.
vice-bedellus n.
Brit. /ˌvʌɪsbᵻˈdɛləs/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsbəˈdɛləs/
Π
1778 E. Stiles Lit. Diary (1901) II. 288 The Diploma Examinatorium..was delivered to the President, who gave it to the Vice Bedellus, directing him to read it.
vice-butler n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈbʌtlə/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈbətlər/
Π
1671 F. Philipps Regale Necessarium 433 The Baron of Limpurgh Vice-Butler to the King of Bohemia.
vice-Caliph n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈkalᵻf/
,
/vʌɪsˈkeɪlᵻf/
,
/ˌvʌɪskaˈliːf/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈkeɪləf/
,
/ˌvaɪsˈkæləf/
Π
1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. i. 10 Hauing first put to flight the vice-Califa of Aegypt.
vice-chairman n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈtʃɛːmən/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈtʃɛrmən/
Π
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Vice-chairman, a person who presides at the lower end of a table, supporting and aiding the chairman or president; the deputy-chairman of a board of officers.
vice-chief n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈtʃiːf/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈtʃif/
Π
1943 W. S. Churchill End of Beginning 69 The Chiefs of Staff Committee are assisted by a Vice-Chiefs of Staff Committee.
1978 R. V. Jones Most Secret War xlv. 458 The Vice-Chiefs of Staff..advised that the threat was over.
vice-Christ n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈkrʌɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈkraɪst/
Π
1659 R. Baxter Key for Catholicks i. xlii. 300 Prove that Christ hath commissioned a Vice-Christ.
1691 R. Baxter Of National Churches x. 42 Being an Usurpation of Christ's Office, and making a Vice-Christ, which is an Antichrist.
1712 M. Henry Popery in Wks. (1853) II. 342 To call them Anti-gods, and Anti-christs, how~ever they pretend to be Vice-christs and Vice-gods.
vice-collector n.
Brit. /ˌvʌɪskəˈlɛktə/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪskəˈlɛktər/
Π
1497 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. I. 58 It is thought expedient that the Popes Holynesse comaund the said aide..to be publisshed by his vicecollectour.
vice-commodore n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈkɒmədɔː/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈkɑməˌdɔr/
Π
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Vice-commodore, a deputy commander of a naval squadron.
vice-constable n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈkʌnstəbl/
,
/vʌɪsˈkɒnstəbl/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈkɑnstəb(ə)l/
Π
1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 541 Edward the third..did substitute Edward Bohun, the Earles younger brother, Vice-Constable vnder him.
1878 J. Gairdner Hist. Life Richard III iv. 175 Sir Ralph Ashton was..appointed Vice-Constable..to exercise all the powers of the Lord High Constable for the particular emergency.
vice-dean n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈdiːn/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈdin/
Π
1572 J. Field & T. Wilcox Admon. to Parl. sig. D Cathedrall churches,..wher master Deane, master Vicedeane,..readers, vergerirs .&c. liue in great idlenesse.
1637 G. Gillespie Dispute against Eng.-Popish Ceremonies iii. viii. 161 Deanes, Vice-Deans,..Subdeacons.
1697 London Gaz. No. 3341/1 The Vice-Dean with the Clergy, made a Congratulatory Speech.
1875 W. H. Jones Fasti Eccl. Sarisb. 265 There is always a distinction to be observed between a ‘Vice-Dean’ or a ‘Locum Tenens’, and the ‘Sub-Dean’.
vice-dictator n.
Brit. /ˌvʌɪsdɪkˈteɪtə/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈdɪkˌteɪdər/
Π
1647 R. Stapleton tr. Juvenal Sixteen Satyrs 153 He made choice of his..master or generall of the horse, or vice-dictatour.
vice-director n.
Brit. /ˌvʌɪsdᵻˈrɛktə/
,
/ˌvʌɪsdʌɪˈrɛktə/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsdəˈrɛktər/
,
/ˌvaɪsˌdaɪˈrɛktər/
Π
1882 Macmillan's Mag. 46 249 A vice~director of the military college.
vice-editor n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈɛdᵻtə/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈɛdədər/
Π
1976 National Observer (U.S.) 12 June 22/2 A fellow with the title of vice editor.
vice-emperor n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈɛmp(ə)rə/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈɛmp(ə)rər/
Π
1819 P. B. Shelley Lines Euganean Hills in Rosalind & Helen 80 But Death promised,..That he would petition for Her to be made Vice-Emperor.
vice-general n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈdʒɛn(ə)rəl/
,
/vʌɪsˈdʒɛn(ə)rl̩/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈdʒɛn(ə)rəl/
Π
1844 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VIII. lxvi. 451 Before Diæus came to Corinth, a council was held there by the vice-general Sosicrates.
vice high priest n.
Brit. /ˌvʌɪs hʌɪ ˈpriːst/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪs ˌhaɪ ˈprist/
Π
1707 G. Hickes Two Treat. i. ii. 90 Would he not have been a Vice High Priest, as well as a Viceroy?
vice-husband n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈhʌzb(ə)nd/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈhəzb(ə)n(d)/
Π
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. xi. x. 186 As the Law hath foolishly omitted this Office of Vice-Husband, or Guardian to an eloped Lady. View more context for this quotation
1818 Ld. Byron Beppo xxviii. 15 And so she thought it prudent to connect her With a vice-husband, chiefly to protect her.
vice-Jove n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈdʒəʊv/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈdʒoʊv/
Π
1609 J. Davies Humours Heau'n on Earth ii. cvi My vice Ioues quoth he are ne'r afraid.
vice-lieutenant n.
Brit. /ˌvʌɪslɛfˈtɛnənt/
,
/ˌvʌɪsləfˈtɛnənt/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˌl(j)uˈtɛnənt/
Π
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. ii. f. 59 Lupus Olanus the conductor of one of the shippes of Nicuesa, and nowe also vice Leauetenaunt in his steede.
1963 Times 4 June 13/5 His native county of Lincolnshire, of which he was Vice-Lieutenant for many years.
vice-marshal n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈmɑːʃl/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈmɑrʃ(ə)l/
Π
1690 London Gaz. No. 2527/3 And after them Count Popenheim, Vice-Marshal of the Empire, carried the Sword of State naked before the Emperor.
vice-master n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈmɑːstə/
,
/vʌɪsˈmastə/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈmæstər/
Π
1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 133 He hath not played the Vicemaster of Poules, and the Foolemaster of the Theater for naughtes.
1618 P. Holderus tr. J. van Oldenbarneveld Barneuel's Apol. sig. Gj The Vice-maisters place of the fees hath not allowed one halfe penny for stipend.
1690 C. Ness Compl. Hist. & Myst. Old & New Test. I. 370 Potiphar..made him his vice~master.
1886 E. W. Benson Diary 6 Oct. in A. C. Benson Life of E. W. Benson (1899) II. 122 I sate..next to the Vice-Master.
vice-minister n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈmɪnᵻstə/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈmɪnəstər/
Π
1909 E. M. Satow in Cambr. Mod. Hist. XI. xxviii. 865 Ōki of Hizen, and Itō, Inouyé and Yamagata of Chōshiu were retained as vice-Ministers.
1976 Eastern Daily Press (Norwich) 19 Nov. 1/5 The agreement was signed by Iran's vice-minister of war.
vice-palatine n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈpalətʌɪn/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈpæləˌtaɪn/
Π
1707 London Gaz. No. 4395/2 Advices from Hungary say, That Prince Ragotzki had declared Count Berezini Vice-Palatine of that Kingdom.
vice-patron n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈpeɪtr(ə)n/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈpeɪtrən/
Π
1775 L. Shaw Hist. Moray 357 Fraser of Strichen, who, as Vice-Patron, presented Mr. John Anand in 1640.
1793 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. VII. 34 Messrs. Alexander Hamilton..and Cunningham of Sea-bank are vice-patrons [of the parish]. The former has the next vice.
vice-pope n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈpəʊp/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈpoʊp/
Π
1643 W. Prynne Popish Royall Favourite 69 And therefore the Popes Holinesse hath given these his Vice-popes instructions, Commissions thus to do.
vice-porter n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈpɔːtə/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈpɔrdər/
Π
1705 E. Hickeringill Priest-craft 46 As the Pope keeps the Keys, they say, of Heaven Gates, being Vice-Porter under St. Peter.
vice-praetor n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈpriːtə/
,
/vʌɪsˈpriːtɔː/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈpridər/
Π
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxvi. i. 582 Those legions which were commaunded by P. Cornelius the Viz-pretour in Sicilie.
vice-prefect n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈpriːfɛkt/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈpriˌfɛk(t)/
Π
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) II. xvii. 37 The eleven remaining dioceses..were governed by twelve vicars, or vice-præfects, whose name..explains the nature..of their office.
1877 J. Morris Troubles Catholic Forefathers 3rd Ser. 116 During this time he was Socius to Father Henry Garret, Vice-Prefect of the English Mission.
vice-priest n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈpriːst/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈprist/
Π
1827 J. Bentham Rationale Judicial Evid. V. ix. iii. vi. 161 The celebration of the ceremony..proved by the habitual operator, the vice-priest, a tobacconist.
vice-principal n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈprɪnᵻspl/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈprɪnsəp(ə)l/
Π
1810 Oxf. Univ. Cal. 129 Edmund Hall... Principal, George Thompson, D.D... Vice-Principal, Daniel Wilson, M.A.
1864 J. H. Newman Apologia (1904) i. 7/2 I became very intimate with him [Whately] in 1825, when I was his Vice-Principal at St. Alban Hall.
vice-prior n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈprʌɪə/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈpraɪ(ə)r/
Π
1857 G. Oliver Coll. Hist. Catholic Relig. Cornwall 486 Adeodatus l'Angevin, elected vice-prior at the fourth general chapter.
vice-protector n.
Brit. /ˌvʌɪsprəˈtɛktə/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsprəˈtɛktər/
Π
1602 in T. G. Law Archpriest Controv. (1898) II. 2 To present ourselves first to the Protector and Vice-protector.
vice-resident n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈrɛzᵻd(ə)nt/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈrɛz(ə)d(ə)nt/
Π
a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) i. xiv. 130 The sergeant of gendarmerie enjoys the style of the vice-resident.
vice-sheriff n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈʃɛrɪf/
,
/vʌɪʃˈʃɛrɪf/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈʃɛrɪf/
Π
1878 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) III. xx. 421 The undue return made by the vice-sheriff, who had substituted another name.
vice-stadholder n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈstadhəʊldə/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈstædˌhoʊldər/
Π
1704 London Gaz. No. 4015/2 Baron Taston is made Vice-Stadholder, and as such will preside over the Regency at Amberg.
1710 London Gaz. No. 4664/2 Lieutenant-General Weebe, Vice-Stadtholder of Norway, is lately dead.
vice-steward n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈstjuːəd/
,
/vʌɪsˈstʃuːəd/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈst(j)uərd/
Π
1835 1st Rep. Commissioners Munic. Corporations Eng. & Wales App. iv. 2345 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 116) XXV. 1 A Deputy Recorder, Vice Steward, Gaol Chaplain [etc.].
vice-sultan n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈsʌlt(ə)n/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈsəltn/
Π
1894 J. T. Bent in 19th Cent. Sept. 425 The vice-sultan of Haura received us right well.
vice-verger n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈvəːdʒə/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈvərdʒər/
Π
1631 R. Brathwait Whimzies xxiv. 204 Hee was once in election to have beene a Vice-verger in Amsterdam, but he wanted an audible voice.
vice-viceroy n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈvʌɪsrɔɪ/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈvaɪsˌrɔɪ/
Π
1848 R. Curzon Visits Monasteries (1897) i. iii. 22 The great man, who was vice-viceroy on this occasion.
b. Also occasionally transferred.
vice-nature n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈneɪtʃə/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈneɪtʃər/
Π
a1631 J. Donne Love's Deity i Since this god produc'd a Destiny, And that vice~nature, custome, lets it bee.
2. With nouns or adjectives.
a. Derived from personal designations.
vice-apostolical adj.
Brit. /ˌvʌɪsapəˈstɒlᵻkl/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˌæpəˈstɑlək(ə)l/
Π
1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. xiii. 119 He bids him goe on with speed to execute his Vice-Apostolicall office.
vice-cancellarian adj.
Brit. /ˌvʌɪskansəˈlɛːrɪən/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˌkænsəˈlɛriən/
Π
1843 W. Whewell in J. M. Douglas Life & Corr. W. Whewell (1881) 285 Much too should I like to see you in your Vice-Cancellarian chair.
vice-deity n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈdeɪᵻti/
,
/vʌɪsˈdiːᵻti/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈdiədi/
,
/ˌvaɪsˈdeɪᵻdi/
Π
1826 R. Southey Vindiciæ Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ 394 You have to reconcile the pretensions of the Popes with their practices,..their vice-deity with their crimes.
vice-duchy n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈdʌtʃi/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈdətʃi/
vice-imperial adj.
Brit. /ˌvʌɪsɪmˈpɪərɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsᵻmˈpɪriəl/
Π
1856 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire V. l. 580 In the mean time he was deputed to hold proconsular, or vice-imperial, power beyond the city.
1880 A. C. Swinburne Study of Shakespeare 240 His poor little vice-regal or vice-imperial parasite.
vice-ministerial adj.
Brit. /ˌvʌɪsmɪnᵻˈstɪərɪəl/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˌmɪnəˈstɪriəl/
,
/ˌvaɪsˌmɪnəˈstɛriəl/
Π
a1617 P. Baynes Comm. First & Second Chapters Colossians (1634) 97 We must not supply Him with vice-ministeriall heads.
vice-papacy n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈpeɪpəsi/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈpeɪpəsi/
Π
1574 tr. Life 70. Archbishopp Canterbury Pref. sig. Cvij The same Austen hauinge thus gotten by conquest this uniuersall vicepapaci ouer England.
vice-patronage n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈpatrənɪdʒ/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈpætrənədʒ/
,
/ˌvaɪsˈpeɪtrənədʒ/
Π
1775 L. Shaw Hist. Moray 343 How far the King may claim a Vice-Patronage, I shall not determine.
vice-principalship n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈprɪnsᵻplʃɪp/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈprɪnsəp(ə)lˌʃɪp/
Π
1677 G. Miege New Dict. French & Eng. i. sig. *Qqqq/2 Vice-rectorat, a Vice-principalship.
1870 Routledge's Every Boy's Ann. Apr. 211 Fortunate enough to obtain the vice-principalship of the college.
vice-provostship n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈprɒvəstʃɪp/
,
/vʌɪsˈprɒvɒstʃɪp/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈproʊvoʊstˌʃɪp/
,
/ˌvaɪsˈproʊvəstˌʃɪp/
Π
1868 Daily News 23 Oct. The Vice-Provostship of Eton College.
vice-residency n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈrɛzᵻd(ə)nsi/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈrɛz(ə)d(ə)nsi/
Π
a1894 R. L. Stevenson In South Seas (1896) i. xiv. 132 He was being haled to the vice-residency, uncertain whether to be punished or rewarded.
b. Associated in some way with the holding of office.This type is represented in late Latin vice-quæstura, medieval Latin vice-comitalis, -comitatus, -dominium, etc., and occurs freely in French and the other Romanic languages.
vice-chair n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈtʃɛː/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈtʃɛ(ə)r/
Π
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xlviii. 475 A farewell-supper..at which Mr. Snittle Timberry would preside, while the honours of the vice chair would be sustained by the African [Sword-]Swallower.
1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. xxxvii. 355 The chair was taken by Sir Francis Clavering,..the vice-chair being ably filled by —— Barker, Esq.
1860 All Year Round 10 Mar. 475 The unmanageable 'Arry, who was a species of vice-chair, and was also provided with a hammer.
1882 J. Hardy in Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 9 440 Mr. Charles Watson..discharged the duties of the vice~chair.
1884 Cyclists' Touring Club Gaz. Mar. 82/1 Messrs. W. B. Tanner and A. R. Sheppee occupied the vice-chairs.
vice-government n.
Brit. /vʌɪsˈɡʌvnm(ə)nt/
,
/vʌɪsˈɡʌvəm(ə)nt/
,
U.S. /ˌvaɪsˈɡəvər(n)mənt/
Π
1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Vicedominanza, a vice-gouernment.
1854 G. Bancroft Hist. Amer. Revol. III. xi. 222 The offer of a baronetcy and the vice-government of Virginia.
vice-throne n.
Brit. /ˈvʌɪsθrəʊn/
,
U.S. /ˈvaɪsˌθroʊn/
Π
1884 A. Forbes Chinese Gordon iii. 114 A royal salute was fired, and then Gordon had to make his speech from the vice-throne.
3. With verbs, as vice-preside (after vice-president n.), vice-reign (after viceroy n.).
Π
1889 Sat. Rev. 1 June 653/2 If it were not for the Civil Service, the Viceroy simply could not vice-reign.
1889 G. B. Shaw in Star 13 Apr. 4/3 You are patronised by the Lord Mayor, presided over by the Duke of Westminster, and vice-presided over and councilled by nearly five dozen illustrious persons.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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