vian.
/ˈvʌɪə/, /ˈviːə/, U.S. /vaɪə/, /viə/Several senses of the word (by itself or with Latin adjs.), which are recorded in earlier and copied in later Dictionaries, appear to have had no real currency in English.in extended use.a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) London 208 Sir Thomas More was..born in Milkstreet London, (the brightest Star that ever shined in that Via lactea).
1. Via Lactea n. the Milky Way.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > constellation > galaxy > [noun] > Milky Way
wayeOE
Watling Streetc1384
galaxya1398
milky circlea1398
Milky Wayc1450
milk way1555
milk-white way1555
white circle1563
milken waya1586
milken race1596
milk circle1601
Via Lactea1615
lacteous circle1646
Milky Way1854
Walsingham Wayc1878
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 455 As we thinke the via lactea or Milky Way in heauen is occasioned by an infinite number of small starres.
a1635 R. Sibbes Breathing after God (1639) 144 As we say of the Via lactea, or Milky way in the heavens,..it is nothing but a deale of light from a company of little starres, that makes a glorious lustre.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Milky-way or Via Lactea, the Galaxy, is a broad white Path or Track, encompassing the whole Heavens.
1786 M. Cutler Let. 10 Feb. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 238 In the via lactea he found the whitish appearance completely resolved into a glorious multitude of stars of all possible sizes.
1797 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 267 He found that the via lactea and nebulæ consisted of a collection of fixed stars.
1802 O. G. Gregory Treat. Astron. 42 The Via Lactea, Galaxy, or Milky Way, may also be reckoned under the head of constellations.
1840 T. Dick Sidereal Heavens 185 This mighty zone..is sometimes termed..the Via Lactea, but more frequently..the Milky Way, from its resemblance to the whiteness of milk.
2.
a. A way or road; a highway; esp. one in Italy or one of the great Roman roads; cf. way n.1 2a. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun]
road1580
roadway1600
tread-waya1636
via1673
open road1764
roadie1768
audax1937
1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 369 We departed from Rome and began our journey to Venice; riding along the Via Flaminia..which reaches as far as Rimini.
1787 ‘A. Pasquin’ Children of Thespis ii. 62 'Tis but few little years since the charms of his voice Made..thousands rejoice;..And by walking approv'd thro the Thespian via, Tho' a slave to the tribes, prov'd the Drama's Messiah.
1822 M. Wilmot Jrnl. 21–5 May in More Lett. (1935) 166 Cecilia Metella's Tomb..so well preserved amidst the many ruined tombs with which the old Via Appia abounds.
1851 E. B. Browning Casa Guidi Windows i. iv. 8 That winter-hour, in Via Larga, when Thou wert commanded to build up in snow Some marvel of thine art.
1909 W. J. Don in A. Reid Regality of Kirriemuir xxiii. 301 It was no mere track, but a substantial via, 20 feet wide.
1929 R. Kipling Limits & Renewals (1932) 99 What was your best day's march on the Via Sebaste?
1973 G. Sims Hunters Point xix. 177 The frontier town of Menton..where the French Route Nationale joins the Italian Via Aurelia.
1984 A. Elliot On Appian Way 6 This poem represents a journey from Rome to Brindisi, more or less following the Via Appia.
b. Via Crucis /ˈkruːtʃɪs/ = Way of the Cross n.; also figurative, an extremely painful experience that has to be borne with fortitude; Via Dolorosa /dɒləˈrəʊzə/ [Latin dolōrōsus dolorous adj.] , the route in Jerusalem that Christ is believed to have followed from Pilate's judgement-hall to Calvary; also figurative, = figurative sense of Via Crucis.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > circumstance or occurrence
plightc1300
woea1325
fanda1400
afflictionc1429
assayc1430
brier?1504
trouble?1521
distress1549
smarts1552
say?1572
infliction1590
disaccommodation1645
trial1754
ordeal1807
time1809
kill-cow1825
Via Crucis1844
Via Dolorosa1844
racket1877
pisser1957
society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > Biblical places > [noun]
olivetOE
Calvaryc1000
the Holy (Saint) Sepulchre (occasionally the Sepulchre)c1200
Holy Citya1382
Jerusalem1382
holy grave1481
Holy Sepulture1525
Armageddona1638
Via Crucis1844
Via Dolorosa1878
1844 Orthodox Jrnl. 10 Aug. 100 Thirteen small altar pieces surround the arena [of the Colosseum], and Benedict XIV. introduced here the Via Crucis, or devotion to the passion, performed by a brotherhood of monks every Friday afternoon.
1878 R. L. Stevenson Inland Voy. 186 Fitly enough may the potentate bestride his charger, like a centurion in an old German print of the Via Dolorosa; but the toys should be put away in a box among some cotton, until..the children are abroad again.
1901 M. Carmichael In Tuscany 236 The loggia is 250 feet in length, on one side of it is a Via Crucis in bas-relief, on the other frescoes representing scenes from the life of the Saint.
1904 H. O. Sturgis Belchamber ii. 23 Each step in the via dolorosa of his existence was fated to be more awful than the last.
1910 C. E. Montague Hind let Loose xv. 290 Fay, with his feeble pity for all souls in trouble, winced to see this one..sneaking..down the same via dolorosa.
1923 G. M. Trevelyan Manin & Venetian Revol. iv. 68 Silvio Pellico, whose narrative of his own martyrdom was the guide-book of Italian patriots on their via crucis.
1944 Horizon July 71 Every human being makes the via crucis from innocence to experience.
1972 Guardian 30 Nov. 14/5 ‘Via Galactica’ [sc. a play] turns out to be Peter Hall's Via Dolorosa.
1980 O. Manning Sum of Things xix. 154 In the Via Dolorosa a procession was advancing slowly over the spacious, creamy flagstones.
1982 ‘M. Hebden’ Pel & Staghound xvii. 191 The Lord never intended the Via Crucis to be travelled with ease, child.
1984 Observer 25 Nov. 9/2 Whatever might have happened to other ‘wets’ on their via dolorosa between 1979 and 1983, it was..hardly on the cards that Mrs Thatcher would simply drop Peter Walker.
3.
a. via media, a middle way; an intermediate course or state. Hence via-medialism n. (see quot. 1881).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > absence of prejudice > [noun] > middle course
middle way?c1225
midwayc1451
golden mean1541
middle course1579
mid-course1603
middle path1606
third way1638
midstream1670
middle line1692
middle road1759
mid-ground1825
juste milieu1831
via media1834
middle ground1961
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > absence of prejudice > [noun] > middle course > adoption of
commoderation1607
via-medialism1881
centrism1923
third way1935
1834 J. H. Newman Via Media (Tracts for the Times No. 38) sig. A3v The glory of the English Church is, that it has taken the Via Media... It lies between the (so called) Reformers and the Romanists.
1845 R. Ford Hand-bk. Travellers in Spain I. ii. 168 The whole nation..is divided into two classes—bigoted Romanists or Infidels; there is no via media.
1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. Introd. 5 They were kept safely in the via media of indifference.
1881 Church Times XIX. 128 Via-medialism, then, signifies a scheme whereof one party is asked to believe a little more, and the other a little less, than what they conceive to be true.
1886 E. Lynn Linton Paston Carew III. vi. 126 There was no via media, seeing that money was not to be found.
1936 E. Underhill Worship xv. 324 The Via Media eludes not only the extremes of Catholic and Protestant cultus, but also the heights and deeps of the spiritual life.
1978 Christian 4 355 What the Chalcedonian definition attempted was a compromise, a via media, between conflicting interpretations of the union of the human and divine natures of Christ.
b. Theology. via negativa, the approach to God in which his nature is held so to transcend man's understanding that no positive statements can be made about it; the way to union with God in which the soul leaves behind the perceptions of the senses and the reasoning of the intellect; also transferred, a way of denial; so via affirmativa, the approach to God through positive statements about his nature.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > theology > branches of theology > [noun] > apophaticism
remotion1587
via negativa1856
apophaticism1957
society > faith > aspects of faith > theology > branches of theology > [noun] > cataphatic approach
via affirmativa1856
1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics I. iv. ii. 124 These two paths, the Via Negativa (or Apophatica) and the Via Affirmativa (or Cataphatica) constitute the foundation of his [sc. Dionysius's] mysticism.
1899 W. R. Inge Christian Mysticism iii. 114 When Luther had the courage to break with ecclesiastical tradition, the via negativa rapidly disappeared within the sphere of his influence.
1942 Mind 51 257 Any one..who sets out along the via negativa in this spirit is confessing in the very act that ‘is’ can never be tortured into ‘isness’.
1956 G. Macleod Only One Way Left viii. 152 The Via Negativa: the way of interior denial. Unfortunately the Via Negativa cuts dead across the Emmaus Road.
1963 J. A. T. Robinson Honest to God v. 95 The via negativa underlay the whole medieval ‘way of perfection’.
1974 Encycl. Brit. Macropædia IV. 549/2 He [sc. the pseudo-Dionysius] recognizes the partial validity of the positive approach (via affirmativa).
1977 Times Lit. Suppl. 21 Jan. 88/5 As regards the Revolution, M Meyer's work is an exercise in the via negativa.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
viaprep.
/ˈvʌɪə/, U.S. /vaɪə/, /viə/ 1. By way of; by the route which passes through or over (a specified place).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > [preposition] > by way of
via1779
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > by the instrumentality of [preposition] > by intermediation of
thoroughOE
via1856
1779 J. Lovell Let. to Adams 13 June in J. Adams Wks. (1854) IX. 483 This night is the fourteenth since we first had the news of his victory, via New Providence.
1813 R. Wilson Private Diary (1862) II. 139 I would sweep through Berlin, revictual the fortresses, and return via Magdeburg.
1833 T. Hook Parson's Daughter III. x. 242 Lord Weybridge..is on his way to London viâ Paris.
1856 C. M. Yonge Daisy Chain ii. xxii. 589 Ethel's misanthropy was happily conducted off via the Cocksmoor children.
1882 H. de Windt On Equator 127 I arranged to proceed through Spain and viâ Paris, home.
1899 R. Kipling Stalky & Co. 56 Beetle..overturned a student's lamp, which dripped, via King's papers..on to a Persian rug.
1931 R. Fry Let. 3 Mar. (1972) II. 654 I was ever so glad to hear, via Helen, of you.
1958 A. Sillitoe Saturday Night & Sunday Morning iv. 60 Arthur and his father walked via the scullery into the living-room.
1959 M. Gilbert Blood & Judgement xiii. 138 More..had come to the Police via the Lower Deck of the Royal Navy.
1981 G. Household Summon Bright Water iii. 149 He led me to talk of my interest in ancient economies and thus, via agriculture in the Forest of Dean, eased the way to my impressions of Broom Lodge.
2. By means of, with the aid of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > by the instrumentality of [preposition]
ofeOE
throughOE
throughouta1250
moyenant?1473
moyening1512
via1930
1930 in Amer. Speech 6 122 Eastbay youth admits thefts via fish pole.
1972 M. Kaye Lively Game of Death (1974) vii. 41 Any deal..would have to be..concluded via contracts, attorneys, the whole schmeer.
1977 Home Office: Rep. Comm. Future of Broadcasting iv. 30 in Parl. Papers 1976–7 (Cmnd. 6753) VI. 1 It would in theory be possible to provide five more services with national coverage via satellite.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
viaint.
/ˈvʌɪə/, U.S. /vaɪə/, /viə/ Obsolete exc. archaic.
1. As an exclamation encouraging, inciting, or preparatory to movement or action, = Onward, come on, come along, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > invitation or encouragement to action [interjection]
comeOE
upa1300
to come offc1405
to come ona1470
via1595
1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 ii. i. 182 Why via, To London will we march.
1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. D2v Then via for the spatious bounds of Fraunce. View more context for this quotation
1602 T. Dekker Blurt Master-Constable sig. B4v Via for fate, Fortune, loe this is all, At griefes rebound Ile mount, although I fall.
1623 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husb. (ed. 3) i. ii. 15 First the voice, which sounding sharply and cheerefully,..crying, Via, how, hey, and such like, adde a spirit and liuelinesse to the horse.
a1625 J. Fletcher Monsieur Thomas (1639) ii. i. sig. D4 Tho. Away then, finde this Fidler, and doe not misse me By nine a clocke. La[uncelot]. Via.
1820 W. Scott Monastery II. vii. 236 He exclaimed, ‘Thy death-hour has struck—betake thee to thy sword—Via!’
2.
a. As an exhortation or command to depart, = Away, be off, begone.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > [phrase] > exhortation to depart or go away
begonec1370
hence with —— !1534
via1600
show your shapes1699
walk your bodyc1730
run along (with you)!1803
to jump (or go (and) jump) in the lake1912
imshi1916
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. ii. 9 The..fiend bids me packe, fia sayes the fiend, away sayes the fiend. View more context for this quotation
1611 G. Chapman May-day iv. i. 56 Your reward now shall be that I will not cut your strings nor breake your fidles, via, away.
1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse ii. i. 3 in Wks. II Via pecunia! when she's runne and gone, And fled and dead; then will I fetch her, againe.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. vii. 150 Horsewhip the rascal to purpose—via—fly away, and about it.
b. Used to check argument or reply, or to dismiss a subject.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > taciturnity or reticence > taciturnity [interjection] > silence or do not speak
muma1500
mum's the word1540
mumbudgeta1566
viaa1616
quiet1814
shuddup1940
ciunas1987
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. ii. 149 Ah ha, Mistresse Ford and Mistresse Page, haue I encompass'd you? goe to, via . View more context for this quotation
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth III. iv. 60 Why, via, let that pass too.
1831 W. Scott Kenilworth (rev. ed.) vii, in Waverley Novels XXII. 124 And what was Ralph Sadler but the clerk of Cromwell,..via! I know my steerage as well as they.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1917; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.1615prep.1779
int.1595