viewn.
/vjuː/, U.S. /vju/ I. Senses related to inspection or observation.† 2. A formal inspection or review of military troops. Obsolete.† 4. gen. An inspection, examination, or survey. Obsolete.Sometimes passing into sense 6b.
1.
a. A formal inspection or survey of a property or area of land, carried out by a specially appointed or qualified person or group; (also occasionally) a document resulting from such an inspection. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > inspection, survey > [noun] > of land, etc.
viewa1325
perambulation?a1500
surveying1577
reconnaissance1838
reconnoissance1856
a1325 Statutes of Realm in MS Rawl. B.520 f. 80v (MED) Bifore þe uewe imad of lond iasked þe tenaunt mai ben assoined of sik bedde, and after þe wewe also.
1415 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 233 Wee [masons and carpenters]..beyng vewers for the tyme of the seid Cite, haue to these vewes afore written putte our sealles.
c1460 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Oseney Abbey (1907) 123 We schall ȝeve to them sufficient Eschaunge, by the vewe of lawfull men, in my othir londes to a conuenient valewe.
1509 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1911) II. 7 As it apperith by the viewe and ouerseyng [of the fields] takyn by maister Brudenell one of the kynges Justeses.
1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xx. f. 35v The vieu of the maner of Dale taken the tenth day of May, the .xiiii. yere of the raygne of kyng Henry the .viii.
1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue i. 21 Such a view was taken at the time, that euery Tribe might haue his portion of inheritance.
a1642 R. Callis Reading of Statute of Sewers (1647) ii. 80 There is a diversity between a view and a survey, for by the view one is to take notice only by the eye, but to survey is..by using other ceremonies and circumstances.
1700 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. II. vii. 820 Our Regarders or Viewers, shall go through the Forests to make a View or Regard.
1732 J. Coker Surv. Dorsetshire 8 For the Order of this my View or Survey of Dorset, I shall neede noe better, or more warrantable President, than the learned and judicious Camden.
1786 By-laws & Town-orders Boston 19 If upon such view and inspection.., they shall judge the same [sc. chimneys] to be unsafe or dangerous..then..the occupier or occupiers of every such house or tenement shall forfeit and pay the sum of five shillings.
1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. (at cited word) The view of a place is said to be taken when the general, accompanied by an engineer, reconnoitres it.
1834 A. Lincoln in J. G. Nicolay & J. Hay Life (1890) I. vi. 119 We have performed the duties of said view and location [of a road], as required by law.
1902 Pacific Reporter 66 60/2 When the view and survey is completed, the viewers must file a report in writing with the board of county commissioners.
2013 Huntington Libr. Q. 76 514 At the time of the view, or formal inspection, made by the court commissioners, the thorn tree was agreed to stand for one of the bounds.
b. More generally: a formal inspection or examination of something, esp. (in earliest use) accounts, carried out by a specially appointed or qualified person or group. Also occasionally: a document resulting from such an inspection; the charge or office of inspecting something in this way. Now only in on view of at Phrases 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > inspection, survey > [noun] > formal or official
view1441
inspection1833
1441 in A. H. Thompson Visitations Relig. Houses Diocese Lincoln (1919) II. 125 Four tymes euery yere..ye shewe a vewe, and euery yere..a fulle and plenare accompt of the ministracyone of alle your godes.
1472 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 576 And on Saterday next comyng he shall send me a vewe of hys acompte.
1495 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1495 §55. m. 31 Untill suche tyme that .ij. justices of peas..have had the viewe and oversight of ther bokes.
1520 Coventry Leet Bk. (1909) III. 674 A veu was takon by the said Maier and his brethern what stores of all Maner of Corne, and what nombre of people was then whithin the said Cite.
1558 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Queen Elizabeth (1908) Table i. following p. 16 The Master and officers..shall..pervse the remaines of the whole stuffe and other stoare lefte at the laste vewe.
1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 92 The Coroner..even in those old daies had the view of bloodshed.
1720 T. Wood Inst. Laws Eng. II. iv. 848 As to the View of the Body. It is His Office, so soon as He is Acquainted with the Suspicion at least of a Violent Death, to send His Warrant or Precept to the Bailiff.
1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 260 A Merchant..may apply to the Collector and Comptroller for a Bill of Sight or View, in order that [his goods]..may be brought on shore and examined.
1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. ix. 595 A view of this armour was to be taken twice in the year, by constables chosen in every hundred.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military organization > ceremonial > [noun] > review
view1415
review1441
1415–17 in S. Bentley Excerpta Hist. (1833) 26 A view of thordinarie nombre of men dwelling uppon the defence..of Calays.
1476 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 493 My lorde wille take the vywe off alle hys retynywe heere nowe byffoore hys departyng.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Condo To apoynt a muster or view.
1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis 1269/2 A view of souldiers at a Muster, Armilustrium.
1693 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) III. 15 The duke of Ormond took a view yesterday of his troop, and ordered all that had bay or grey horses to change them for black.
1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 59 The View being over, and the Troops return'd to their Camps.
3. Law. A formal inspection of something that is the object of or relevant to a legal action.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > a lawsuit > other types of action > examining thing in real action
viewc1523
c1523 J. Rastell Expos. Terminorum Legum Anglorum sig. G.iiv/2 Vewe is when anny accyon reall is brought & the tenaunt knowith not wel what land it is that the demaundaunt askith than the tenaunt shall pray the vew that is to saye that he may see the land which he claymyth.
1538 T. Elyot Dict. In rem praesentem uenire, where the landes in debate cometh in viewe, by the assignement of Iuges, vnto them whiche be called viewers.
1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Yyy2v/2 Veiours..signifieth in our common lawe those, that are sent by the court to take view of any place in question, for the better descision of the right.
a1625 H. Finch Law (1636) xxxi. 366 View is in reall actions of the thing demanded,..when it is so necessarie as without view the defendant cannot well answer.
1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. xx. 298 He may, in real actions, demand a view of the thing in question, in order to ascertain it's identity and other circumstances.
1789 J. Morgan Ess. Law of Evid. III. ii. ix. 65 Henry Luppincott..stood as a juryman, and was summoned, and did attend both on the view and at the trial.
1867 C. H. Scribner Treat. Law Dower II. v. 89 The court would not accede to his prayer of a view, the request being merely for delay.
1922 Cornell Law Q. 7 227 The rights of the adversary are at all times protected by his right to demand a view of the plates for the purpose of cross examination.
1985 Solicitors' Jrnl. 12 Apr. 268/2 A judge should always be present at a view to control the proceedings.
2015 J. L. Ingram Criminal Evid. (ed. 12) xiv. 601 A judge may consider whether a view of the scene would be helpful to the jury.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > inspection, survey > [noun]
surveyancec1386
surveying1467
survey1548
view1569
reviewing1573
review1604
traverse1658
retrospection1661
surveyala1677
reconnaissance1815
reconnoissance1824
look-see1876
look-over1883
reconnoitre1891
poke round1901
traversal1903
recce1941
tour d'horizon1952
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 277 They roade in the fieldes all that daye, and made a diligent vewe.
1592 J. Stow Annales 518 The which volume was since againe,..by viewe of diuers written copies, corrected by my self.
1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 27 Edward Plantagenet..hauing passed the view of the Streets, was conducted to Pauls Church.
1668 J. Denham Poems Ded. sig. A3v Neither have I any need of such shifts, for most of the parts of this body have already had Your Majesties view.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 109 We too far the pleasing Path pursue; Surveying Nature, with too nice a view . View more context for this quotation
II. Senses relating to sight or vision.† 7. Footprints or track of a deer, esp. a buck or fallow deer. Obsolete.In quot. ?1516 as a count noun: a footprint or track of such a deer.† 8. An audience or formal gathering. Obsolete. rare.Apparently used only by R. Wingfield.
5.
a. Sight; the faculty or power of vision; the exercise of this faculty; gaze.
(a) With the. Frequently in to the view, and now only in at the view at Phrases 4a, or in sense 5a(b).
ΚΠ
1348 in C. Welch Hist. Pewterers of London (1902) I. 4 The vew of night is not so profitable ne certen as is of the day to the commen profit.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. ix. 42v Where he sayth the second to lye on the North part, he may by the view & eisight onely be reproued, being in deed towards the East.
a1613 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1892) i. 3 That euerye shere is of biggnes as the same appeareth to the vywe.
1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. Pref. sig. C2 The knowledge of Man (saith the learn'd Verulam) hath hitherto been determin'd by the view or sight.
1718 A. Ramsay Tartana 16 Chosen Flowers..Give not so great a Pleasure to the View, As when Fergusia, Mortals gaze on you.
1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. ii. 54 It seemed as if Heaven was opening to the view.
1820 P. B. Shelley To Skylark in Prometheus Unbound 203 Like a glow-worm..Among the flowers and grass, which screen it from the view.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Vision of Sin in Poems (new ed.) II. 214 [They] Caught each other with wild grimaces, Half-invisible to the view.
1884 Frank Leslie's Pop. Monthly June 678/2 The protruding lower lip.., exposes to the view what at a distance appears to be a toothless mouth.
(b) With possessive or other modifying word specifying the viewer: a person's gaze. Also figurative with reference to an inanimate viewer.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > [noun]
i-sightc888
seneOE
lightOE
eyesightc1175
sightc1200
rewarda1382
seeingc1390
viewc1390
outwitc1400
starec1400
speculation1471
eyec1475
vision1493
ray1531
visive power1543
sightfulnessa1586
outsight1605
conspectuitya1616
visibility1616
optics1643
rock of eye1890
visuality1923
c1390 (?c1350) Barlaam & Josaphat (Vernon) l. 303 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1875) 1st Ser. 219 (MED) Barlaam caste on him his vuwe.
1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. f. 203 In the absence of his wyfe, whose corpse, the next daye was layed in the place of publyke viewe.
1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. Contin. 1357/2 He hath set downe to the vew of all men these necessarie notes following.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. xi. sig. Nn3 My Lady and my loue is cruelly pend In dolefull darkenes from the vew of day.
1614 S. Latham Falconry i. xvi. 73 For your flight to the Hearne, it is wrought, flown, and maintained by the eie and view of the Hawke.
1640 E. Reynolds Treat. Passions Ep. Ded. sig. A4 This [Treatise]..hath had the marvellous felicity to light on the view..of a very Gracious Princesse.
1670 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy (new ed.) ii. 192 None are suffered..to do, or speake any thing scandalously that may shok ciuility or publick view.
1715 A. Pope Temple of Fame 36 Before my View appear'd a Structure fair.
1746 Museum 6 Dec. 171 I sat me down, with the Sea full in my View.
1812 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Paradiso xxii. 19 Elsewhere now I bid thee turn thy view.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Lady Clara Vere de Vere in Poems (new ed.) I. 157 When thus he met his mother's view,..She spake some certain truths of you.
1903 J. Morley Life Gladstone I. Pref. p. vii Between two and three hundred thousand written papers of one sort or another must have passed under my view.
1983 F. Michaels Cinders to Satin 356 She lay perfectly still, exposed to his view.
2005 L. Potvin Cougarman 3 Nothing moved beneath his view but several nighthawks working the slope below.
(c) Without article. Chiefly in prepositional phrases.Earliest in in view at Phrases 1a(a).angle of view, field of view, point of view: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > [noun]
eyesenea1225
lookinga1225
sight1297
eyesight?c1335
seeing1372
view?c1475
vision1493
speculation1509
discernment1614
ken1667
outsight1681
?c1475 ( in T. Wright Polit. Poems & Songs (1861) II. 146 (MED) Gracious Werwik, God hym contynue, Beryng up his [sc. the king's] trayne in peece and vue.
1573 T. Tusser Points Huswifrie (new ed.) f. 29v, in Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) At length by vew, to shore I drew.
1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 35/1 in Chron. I Thinking it good to vnderstand all things by view that might appertaine to the vse of that warre.
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets cxli. sig. I2 'Tis my heart..Who in dispight of view is pleasd to dote.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 193 Hoise him vp to his greater height of view.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 618 The Heroe measur'd first, with narrow view, The destin'd Mark.
1775 H. P. Wyndham Gentleman's Tour through Monmouthshire & Wales 110 The present church is wholly covered with stucco, by which the Roman bricks are concealed from view.
1800 J. Malton Young Painter's Maulstick 66 The angle of vision, or angle of view.
1864 Ecclesiologist 25 274 The steeple..may..be taken into view with the loftier saddleback of S. Alban's.
1876 J. H. Dallmeyer Year-bk. Photogr. 34 The diminution of light from the centre towards the margins of the pictures..increases rapidly with any increase of angle of view beyond 40°.
1985 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 75 12 The total angle of view could have been considerably narrowed by observing the figure from some distance.
2014 R. C. Vallieres & J. M. Howard Wounded Warriors i. 5 I spy the peregrines again, the two of them on the wing and within my scope of view.
(d) to view: to the eye, so as to be seen. Now chiefly in to expose (also lose) to view (chiefly in passive). [With to lose to view compare French perdre la vue de (first half of the 14th cent. in Middle French).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > [adverb] > to the sight
to sighta1300
(for) to showc1400
at (also to) the view1486
to view1594
1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido i. sig. A4v Faire Virgin..Whose lookes set forth no mortall forme to view.
1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 23 Their parts when dissolved have the same appearance to view.
1746 P. Francis tr. Horace Art of Poetry in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles 301 If he gave to View a beauteous Maid.
1757 W. Wilkie Epigoniad ix. 270 Towards the Cadmean gate; where full to view Expos'd, the armies and the camp she knew.
1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. vi. 586 One of the most important features of the case was then held up to view.
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin II. xl. 276 Tom was already lost to view among the distant swamps of the Red river.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. iii. 28 The snow-floor had, in fact, given way, and exposed to view a clear green lake.
1902 New S. Wales Govt. Gaz. 6 89690 All persons bathing in any waters exposed to view from any wharf, street, public place, or dwelling house.., shall be attired in proper bathing costume covering the body from the neck to the knee.
1936 Boys' Life Dec. 39/1 The inspector..ripped lining away from outer cloth, and held up to view a ring.
1983 D. L. Baars Colorado Plateau ix. 211 The necks or pipes that fed the volcano are often exposed to view by such a process.
2001 P. Moore 2002 Yearbk. Astron. i. 100 Mars, already lost to view by observers in the latitudes of the British Isles, can only be seen by observers further south.
b. Range of sight or vision. Chiefly after beyond, out of, within, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > [noun] > range or field of
eyeOE
sightc1175
eyesightc1225
kenning1530
view1553
reach1579
kena1592
sight-shot1663
command1697
field1721
eye scope1853
1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. iv. f. 58 Who commyng within the viewe of Mazeus, durst not passe any further.
1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Life Agricola in tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. 237 Lest any sparckle of honesty should by mischance remaine within view.
1641 A. Lancelot Summarie View Govt. Old & New Test. 14 All the People and Priests were within one Trench, even within the view of Aarons eye.
1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature i. 29 No one can tell, in strict speaking, where another is, if he is not within his view.
a1732 T. Boston Sovereignty & Wisdom of God (1737) 9 By this Means providing, that the Crook in his Lot should not be set afresh in his View.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxxiii. 103 Somewhere, out of human view, Whate'er thy hands are set to do Is wrought. View more context for this quotation
1921 R. Sabatini Scaramouche (U.S. ed.) i. vii. 64 Again he came within view of all the acclaiming crowd.
1970 D. Brown Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee v. 110 As soon as they were over the next hill, and out of view of the soldiers, they turned off the trail.
2015 J. Lister-Kaye Gods of Morning vi. 85 I heard the clear ringing call of whoopers coming from just beyond my view in that very bay.
6. † b. An act of looking, seeing, or beholding; a look, a glance. Obsolete.
a. Sight of something. Also as a count noun (esp. in later use): a sight of something.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > sight of something > [noun]
looka1200
sight?c1225
visc1340
visea1450
respection?a1475
viewa1500
prospection?1530
kenningc1540
conspect1548
ken1594
spectacle1625
styme1776
perception1817
a1500 Treat. Hunting (Cambr. Ll.1.18) (1987) 56 (MED) When þay haue a vew of ytte [sc. hart] lette þe houndez goo to & be rewarded.
1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. f. 255 The girle..seamed to prefer some litle astonishment at the first view of the letter.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus (1623) iii. ii. 55 Out on the murderour: thou kil'st my hart, Mine eyes cloi'd with view of Tirranie.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 23 Towards night [we] got view of Ioanna Ile.
a1771 T. Gray tr. Dante in Wks. (1884) I. 158 Pisa's Mount, that intercepts the view Of Lucca.
1794 W. Godwin Caleb Williams III. vii. 117 The view of his figure immediately introduced a train of ideas into my mind.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 191 Hitherto the distinction..appears to have been scarcely thought of. The distinct view of it was accidently obtained by Stephen Grey, in the year 1729.
1837 J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott IV. viii. 263 He proceeded to thread his way westwards, across moor and bog, until we lost view of him.
1889 Outing Mar. 493/2 That low, fierce growl means that they have caught a view of the sinking fox.
1963 S. Plath Bell Jar xi. 144 I brought the newspaper close up to my eyes to get a better view of George Pollucci's face.
2012 A. Bracken Darkest Minds (2013) xiv. 225 I..woke up just in time to get a perfect view of the towering white warehouse.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > a look or glance > [noun]
eie wurpc950
laitc1175
looka1200
lecha1250
sightc1275
insighta1375
blushc1390
castc1400
glentc1400
blenkc1440
regardc1450
ray1531
view1546
beam of sight1579
eye-beam1583
eyewink1591
blink1594
aspecta1616
benda1616
eyeshot1615
eye-casta1669
twire1676
ken1736
Magdalene-look1752
glimmering1759
deek1833
wink1847
deck1853
vision1855
pipe1865
skeg1876
dekko1894
screw1904
slant1911
gander1914
squiz1916
butcher's hook1934
butcher's1936
gawk1940
bo-peep1941
nose1976
1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue ii. vii. sig. Iiiv If she chaunce to see me at a vew Kysse any of my maides.
1581 Compendious Exam. Certayne Ordinary Complaints ii. f. 21v The first vew would displease many.
1611 W. Mure in Wks. (1898) I. 4 Seik no to subdue And kill ane hert, bot for a vieu.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 190 Who [can] deceive his mind, whose eye Views all things at one view ? View more context for this quotation
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I. at Measures To see in one View an Account of the Ancient and Present Measures of several Parts of the World.
1746 P. Francis tr. Horace Art of Poetry in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles 495 That gives us Pleasure for a single View; And this, ten Times repeated, still is new.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VII. 305 The earth-worm or polypus..to a cursory view appear every way as compleat animals.
1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab ii. 22 The thronging thousands, to a passing view, Seemed like an anthill's citizens.
1886 Cornhill Mag. Aug. 224 For an hour at each view will this monstrous eye..gaze analysingly on many hundreds of stars at once.
1910 H. Maxim Sci. of Poetry & Philos. of Lang. vii. 130 When we look at a person, we take the whole face in at a single view.
c. A cry given by a hunter on seeing a hunted animal break cover, or on securing a hunted animal. Cf. view halloo n. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [noun] > shout of huntsmen
whoopc1450
sohoa1572
tue1602
whoo-whoop1611
view halloo1750
chevyc1785
hoicks1797
view1903
1903 Longman's Mag. Jan. 244 There is..no great harm in a view when the hare is first found.
1986 Hounds Feb. 34/1 A useful view by a member of the field helped hounds across some cold plough.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > thing hunted or game > [noun] > track
righta1425
view?1516
persue1530
abature1575
blemish1575
foil1575
marks1575
entry1627
gate1677
file1815
stain1832
?1516 tr. Dysputacyon Herte sig. A.ij I commaunded my houndes to goo To drawe aboute yf they myght fynde a vewe.
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xxxvi. 97 Then if she aske, what Slot or view I found, I say, the Slot, or view, was long on ground.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Foulée, the Slot of a Stag, the Fuse of a Bucke (the view, or footing of either) vpon hard ground, grasse, leaues, or dust.
1679 A. Lovell tr. F. Pomey Indiculus Universalis i. iv. 26 The strain, view, slot, or footing of a Deer, are the marks he makes in soiling.
1758 T. Fairfax Compl. Sportsman 205 Let him take notice of the slot, and such other marks as may be observed from the view of the deer.
1848 T. B. Johnson Sportsman's Cycl. 871/1 The track of a boar, the view of a buck and fallow deer, the slot of a hart or red deer.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > conferring or consulting > a conference
councilc1275
parliamentc1325
consultationc1425
interview1514
view1520
talk1551
parle1552
colloquy1570
parley?a1580
enterparle1584
interparley1590
conference1592
enterparley1594
enterparlance1595
consult1600
antiparle1602
deliberation1632
consulto1659
conversation1703
palaver1735
consulta1768
korero1807
powwow1812
council-general1817
concilium1834
talk-in1966
think-in1966
1520 R. Wingfield Let. 7 May in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. I. 170 Suche personnaiges as shall attende apon hym at the Veue.
1520 R. Wingfield Let. 25 May in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) 1st Ser. I. 173 The noble personnaiges of thys Realme..be asmoche affectionatt to this Veue as could be wysshyd or desiryd.
9. † a. Appearance or outward aspect; look; (also occasionally) an instance of this. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun]
onseneeOE
bleea1000
shapeOE
ylikeOE
laitc1175
semblanta1225
sightc1275
fare1297
showingc1300
specea1325
parelc1330
guise1340
countenance1362
semblance?a1366
apparel1377
regardc1380
apparencec1384
imagec1384
spicec1384
overseeminga1398
kenninga1400
seemingc1400
visage1422
rinda1450
semenauntc1450
'pearance1456
outwardc1475
representation1489
favour?a1500
figurea1522
assemblant1523
prospect?1533
respect1535
visure1545
perceiverance1546
outwardshine1549
view1556
species1559
utter-shape1566
look1567
physiognomy1567
face1572
paintry1573
visor1575
mienc1586
superficies?1589
behaviour1590
aspect1594
complexion1597
confrontment1604
show1604
aira1616
beseeminga1616
formality1615
resemblancea1616
blush1620
upcomea1630
presentment1637
scheme1655
sensation1662
visibility1669
plumage1707
facies1727
remark1748
extrinsica1797
exterior1801
showance1820
the cut of one's jib1823
personnel1839
personal appearance1842
what-like1853
look-see1898
outwall1933
visuality1938
prosopon1947
1556 R. Record Castle of Knowl. 152 If the earthe were of anye bygnes in comparison to the worlde, then should his semidiameter beare some vewe of byggenesse to the semidiameter of the skie.
1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 91 The same man also, persuaded partly by the viewe of the place it selfe,..supposeth, that Richeborow was of auncient time, a Citie of some price.
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. iii. f. 4 To maintayne himselfe in that viewe which belongeth to his calling.
a1613 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1892) i. 2 The shere must be but little, much lesse then other sheres which seem lesse in vywe.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 142 A Silvan Scene,..a woodie Theatre Of stateliest view . View more context for this quotation
1713 R. Steele in Guardian 12 Mar. 1/1 His Countenance is communicated to the Publick in several Views and Aspects.
1718 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad IV. xvi. 203 Like furious, rush'd the Myrmidonian Crew, Such their dread Strength, and such their deathful View.
1812 G. Crabbe Tales xviii. 329 As certain ores in outward view the same.
b. Appearance or outward aspect of a specified side or face of a building or object.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] > as affected by position
prospective1533
view1658
perspective1826
1658 D. King in E. Benlowes On St. Paul's Cathedrall (single sheet) (caption) The North View of St Paules Church.
1764 R. Adam Ruins Palace Diocletian at Spalatro 33 (caption) Front View of the same Sphinx.
1807 B. Boothroyd Hist. Pontefract xi. 162 The east view is equally extensive, but more pleasing.
1847 J. Leitch tr. K. O. Müller Ancient Art 450 The coins exhibit his head generally in front view [Ger. von vorn].
1895 T. S. Lawley Lessons in Woodwork Drawing 10 The top view of a penny..placed on a table will be a circle.
1939 T. L. Green Pract. Animal Biol. i. 92 Diagram of ganglia and major nerves in the snail seen in side view.
2015 S. L. Tuck Hist. Rom. Art viii. 230 The figure of the archer in the tree combines profile legs with a full back view.
10.
a. The sight or prospect of a landscape, city, etc., afforded by a particular location or position, esp. one which is impressive or extensive; a vista.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > [noun] > view or scenery
regardc1500
prospect1573
discovery1587
prospective1599
view1606
perspective1612
landscape?a1645
vista1657
coup d'œil1739
scape1773
survey1821
outlook1828
eyeshot1860
outscape1868
1606 L. Bryskett Disc. Ciuill Life 93 Hauing the prospect not onely of the citie, but also of the sea and hauen, we there sate vs downe,..some commending the ayre, some the delightfulnesse of the view.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 14 I never saw ground more pleasant for view.
1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity ii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 432 Fish-ponds were made, where former Forrests grew; And Hills were levell'd to extend the View.
1756 Mrs. Calderwood's Journey in Coltness Coll. (1842) 192 It is the finest viue ever I saw; the ground lies about it, you would think, in a circle.
1808 Z. M. Pike Acct. Exped. Sources Mississippi ii. 220 From the flat roof of the church we had a delightful view of the village.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess Prol. 4 Here were telescopes For azure views; and there a group of girls In circle waited.
1883 Manch. Examiner 30 Oct. 8/4 A local resident..whose house..has a beautiful view down the valley.
1932 H. Ashton Bricks & Mortar i. 9 A breath-taking view of the domes and roofs and chimneys and triumphal columns of the city.
1980 Gourmet Feb. 102/2 I sat in the Picoaga dining room enjoying the panoramic view of the hillside.
2013 J. Skarott Shadows Recollecting xix. 92 Malcolm and Antonie stood on the balcony of their hotel suite looking at the view.
b. A drawing, painting, print, or other image depicting a landscape or other prospect.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > landscape-painting > a landscape or view
landscape1598
prospective1638
prospect1656
view1662
surveya1684
scenery1814
1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura iv. 101 Such as exceed in the talent, would entertain us with more Landskips, and views of the Environs, Approches and Prospects of our nobly situated Metropolis.
1700 in A. W. Aspital Catal. Pepys Libr. Magdalene Coll., Cambr. (1980) III. i. 1 Views of London.
1709 (title) Britannia illustrata or views..of the principal seats of the nobility and gentry of Great Britain.
1791 W. Robertson Hist. Disquis. Knowl. Ancients India App. 284 Mr. Hodges has published views of three of these [fortresses].
1853 T. Carlyle Let. 13 July in Coll. Lett. T. & J. W. Carlyle (2000) XXVIII. 202 The little view at the top of this sheet is where I live in London.
1854 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 13 Sept. in Eng. Notebks. (1997) I. ii. 123 A photographist preparing to take a view of the castle.
1898 C. F. Binns Story of Potter iv. iii. 222 Portraits, views, and fancy scenes were produced in different self-colours.
1937 Amer. Home Apr. 148/2 Sketches by Natalie Harlan Davis whose plant portraits appeal to me much more than her garden views.
1989 A. Dillard Writing Life ii. 29 If I had possessed the skill, I would have painted..a trompe l'oeil mural view of all that the blinds hid.
2003 M. Dunn N.Z. Painting ii. 15/1 Artists continue to paint views but put less emphasis on topography, preferring to leave that to photographers.
11. An exhibition of objects, paintings, etc., organized for prospective purchasers shortly before their sale. See also private view n. at private adj.1, adv., and n. Compounds 2, press view n. at press n.1 Compounds 2b.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > a public sale > [noun] > auction > exhibition of items at auction
view1773
1773 J. Christie Catal. Most Superb Coll. Anc. Statues (single sheet) Tickets will be delivered at the Door of the Room, at 1s. each, which will admit one Person during the Course of the View and Sale.
1804 Morning Chron. 9 Mar. To be publicly viewed ten days preceding the sale,..by Catalogues (without which no person can be admitted either to the View or Sale).
1873 C. Schreiber Jrnl. 5 Apr. (1911) I. 178 Went to look at a ‘View’ of things to be sold on Monday.
1984 A. Fraser Shroud for Delilah ix. 81 How did the view go?.. I see quite a few of the paintings are sold.
2001 H. Geismar in A. Amin & N. Thrift Blackwell Cultural Econ. Reader (2004) v. xvi. 299 The view and sale are places where this collection of objects engages directly with a community of persons.
12. Computing. A tabular display of data generated by a database in response to a query applied to existing tables (table n. 17), allowing the user to select what data is displayed and how it is ordered.Typically, views are not stored in memory, which distinguishes them from tables.
ΚΠ
1976 K. P. Eswaran in Proc. 2nd Internat. Conf. Software Engin. 243/2 A view is a data object that is derived from one or more existing data objects.
1998 M. Whitehorn & M. Whitehorn DB2 for Windows NT x. 159 Views provide a flexible way of letting users work with the data in a database.
2015 R. Dewson Beginning SQL Server for Developers (ed. 4) xiii. 400 What you want is a view that will display the share description, the stock market ticker ID, and the current price.
III. Senses relating to contemplation, reflection, or opinion.† 17. A light in which a subject is considered or regarded. Obsolete.
13.
a. Mental contemplation of something (sometimes combined with sight); attention; observation; notice. Cf. point of view n. at point n.1 Phrases 2l.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > attention > notice, observation > [noun]
marka1400
notea1400
notinga1427
markingc1443
viewc1450
noticec1487
observation1547
observancy1567
animadversion1573
observance1602
remark1614
remarking?1626
notification1659
observala1734
observe1830
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > [noun] > looking at or beholding
beholdinga1225
considerationc1386
advisementa1393
aspecta1398
especcion14..
viewc1450
contemplationc1500
looking ona1516
viewing1548
eyeing1550
perspectionc1550
theoria1590
conspection1611
onlooking1637
spectation1638
aspection1646
prospecting1677
onlook1800
spectating1942
the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > [noun] > a mental view
viewc1450
surview1576
theoric1588
outlook1745
conspectus1839
mindstyle1976
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 530 Þer is no thyng bod som peple will giff þer vew and þer fantasye þer-vnto.
1593 J. Norden (title) Speculum Britanniae... By the travaile and vew of Iohn Norden.
?1612 in Eng. Hist. Rev. Apr. (1914) 249 I will be bold out of my zeale and duty to present [a proposition]..unto his Magesties vieu.
1642 in F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family 17th Cent. (1907) I. 243 I hate to have my secrets laid open to everybodie's view.
1746 W. Dunkin tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles i. ii. 25 To shew what pious Wisdom's Pow'r can do, The Poet sets Ulysses in our View.
1762 Ld. Kames Elements Crit. I. i. 24 The mind extends its view to a son more readily than to a servant.
1800 W. Kingsbury Duty & Happiness of Attention to Sick & Poor 26 The great end kept in view, by which the mind is prevalently governed, is that which determines the true nature of an action.
1842 Lett. from Hofwyl 275 Let him be deeply imbued with the spirit of the Bible before the degraded or imperfect morality of Greece and Rome..are brought to his view.
1911 J. H. Round King's Serjeants 254 After this, the scalding serjeanty..fades from view.
1967 G. B. Tindall Emergence New South xix. 650 The literary groups and little magazines of the 1920's passed from view.
2003 R. Kirk Mind & Body iv. 75 Suppose we knew exactly how a bat works.., so that as a purely physical system it lay open to our view.
b. An instance of mental contemplation; an act of contemplating or attending to a subject, esp. in a brief or cursory nature. In later use preceded by first or second. [With at first view , compare French à la premiere vue (1636), and also at first sight at sight n.1 6a.]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > attention > [noun] > turning one's mind to > single instance of
view1567
the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > [noun] > act of
cogitation?c1225
insight1390
view1567
volutation1623
ponder1689
1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. f. 11 Yet vpon a further viewe & consideration of the grounde, he was nowe of minde that his price far exceded the valewe.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Hii/2 A View of things, æstimatio.
1653 H. More Antidote against Atheisme ii. v. 59 We now come to a closer view of God and Nature in Vegetables, Animalls, and Man.
1676 J. Dryden Aureng-Zebe Ep. Ded. The hasty Critick, who judges on a view, is full as liable to be deceiv'd.
1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. i. 10 The advantage..is much greater than we should at first view be apt to imagine it. View more context for this quotation
1815 W. Wordsworth Poems II. xxxiv. 192 The closer view of wedded life Hath shewn that nothing human can be clear From frailty.
1828 T. Carlyle Goethe in Foreign Rev. 2 iii. 89 These two classes of works stand..at first view, in strong contradiction, yet, in truth, connected together by the strictest sequence.
1872 R. G. Latham Dict. Eng. Lang. at Monoptote A word that appears in one form only is, on the first view, equally aptotic and monoptotic—both or either.
1914 G. E. Woodberry Two Phases of Crit. i. 11 We find other races and civilizations with an art of their own which at first view is inscrutable to us.
2015 K. Bayertz in M. N. Forster & K. Gjesdal Oxf. Handbk. German Philos. Nineteenth Cent. xxxi. 618 At second view..one can make out a sustained effect.
14.
a. A particular manner or way of considering or regarding a subject; an opinion, idea, or theory formed by reflection or study. Frequently with of specifying the thing considered.See also in my view at Phrases 1c.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > mental attitude, point of view > [noun]
spectaclec1386
reckoninga1393
view1573
sect1583
prospective1603
light1610
posture1642
point of view1701
stand1819
attitude of mind1832
psychology1834
standpoint1834
perspective1841–8
position1845
viewpoint1856
angle1860
way of looking at it1861
attitudea1873
pose1892
Anschauung1895
slant1905
1573 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 1 Uppon a reasnable vew of the matter.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 177 We seeke not the exact computation vnto a moneth or day..but onely the reasonable view of the great princes of the forepassed times.
1679 W. Penn Addr. Protestants ii. sig. H3v Let us take the most impartial View we can.
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iii. 50 Good Actions are never punished, considered as beneficial to Society, nor ill Actions rewarded, under the view of their being hurtful to it.
1780 Mirror No. 100. ⁋1 The view of Hamlet's character, exhibited in my last Number.
1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. ix. 390 Atonement presents to us this view of God.
1876 G. O. Trevelyan Life & Lett. Macaulay I. i. 22 Miss Hannah took a more unselfish view of the situation.
1885 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 14 798 That was the view which the judgment of the Court below upholds.
1928 B. W. Levy Mud & Treacle i. 45 What's your view about it all, Solomon?
1974 Times Lit. Suppl. 8 Mar. 243/5 One wonders just how biased a view we develop of the human ecology of tropical Africa.
2014 R. Bruns Zoot Suit Riots vi. 69 Some of the national media took another view.
b. In plural. Opinions, ideas, or theories formed by reflection or study. Frequently with on.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > speculation > [noun] > speculative matters
speculatives1640
views1697
1697 G. Burnet Serm. preach'd before King 7 Mar. 12 From mere Speculative views we descend to more Practical ones.
1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. iii. ⁋33 Nor did his political views and maxims seem less strange.
1792 J. Barlow Conspiracy of Kings 19 Gallia's sons..Make patriot views and moral views the same.
1818 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 24 Jan. 106/2 Reformers, not so well able to express as to think, would have had an answer to all questions relating to their views.
1841 T. Arnold Let. 12 Aug. in A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold (1844) II. ix. 265 He who believes his own views to be true, must believe the opposite views to be error.
1883 Law Times 20 Oct. 408 The time must come when the views of our committee will prevail.
1924 Amer.-Scandinavian Rev. Nov. 673 He respected her views so much that he deliberately sought her out for further debate.
1977 Guardian 22 Apr. 13/1 The most refreshing thing about the whole complicated affair is the way all sides have aired their views in public.
2005 Voice 4 July 12/2 The guy who won had appalling views on immigration and asylum.
15. A general account; a summary of something, a synopsis; an overview. Chiefly with of. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > survey > [noun]
oversight1550
surveya1568
insight1581
theoric1588
view1604
compact1644
grand tour1793
overview1916
1604 R. Dallington (title) The view of Fraunce.
1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. ii. sig. G1 The full View of a thing, Synopsie.
1647 T. May Hist. Parl. (title page) A short and necessary view of some precedent yeares.
1729 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. (ed. 2) Pref. p.xiii It may not be amiss to give the Reader the whole Argument here in one View.
1779 Mirror No. 31 ⁋4 An author who.., instead of giving the general conclusion deduced from the observation of particular circumstances of conduct, gives a view of the particulars themselves.
1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 State Papers 44/1 I proceed finally to offer a combined view of the whole.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 157 With the record of..his latest excursion we shall close this view of the practice of aerostation.
1873 W. D. Whitney Oriental & Ling. Stud. 1 A general view of the whole body of Vedic literature.
1938 Jrnl. Higher Educ. 9 119/1 There is governmental care that..students be offered a full view of the unpacific ways of approach.
16. † b. Anticipation, expectation. Also: a hope or expectation for the future. Obsolete.† c. Reference or regard to a person or thing. Also in out of a view to: out of consideration for. Obsolete.
a. An aim or intention; a design or plan. Now only in with a view to at Phrases 3b and with this view at Phrases 3c.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose
willeOE
highOE
thoughtOE
intent?c1225
achesounc1230
attenta1250
couragec1320
devicec1320
minda1325
studya1382
understanding1382
suggestionc1390
meaninga1393
i-minda1400
minta1400
tent1399
castc1400
ettlingc1400
affecta1425
advicec1425
intention1430
purposec1430
proposea1450
intendment1450
supposing?c1450
pretensionc1456
intellectionc1460
zeal1492
hest?a1513
minting?a1513
institute?1520
intendingc1525
mindfulness1530
cogitationa1538
fordrift1549
forecast1549
designing1566
tention1587
levela1591
intendiment1595
design1597
suppose1597
aim1598
regarda1616
idea1617
contemplationa1631
speculation1631
view1634
way of thinking1650
designation1658
tend1663
would1753
predetermination1764
will to art1920
the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan
redeeOE
devicec1290
casta1300
went1303
ordinancec1385
intentc1386
imaginationa1393
drifta1535
draught1535
forecast1535
platform1547
ground-plat?a1560
table1560
convoy1565
design1565
plat1574
ground-plota1586
plot1587
reach1587
theory1593
game1595
projectment1611
projecting1616
navation1628
approach1633
view1634
plan1635
systema1648
sophism1657
manage1667
brouillon1678
speculationa1684
sketch1697
to take measures1698
method1704
scheme1704
lines1760
outline1760
measure1767
restorative1821
ground plan1834
strategy1834
programme1837
ticket1842
project1849
outline plan1850
layout1867
draft1879
dart1882
lurk1916
schema1939
lick1955
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 83 [Nicanor slew Antiochus], because interposing the view of his ambition.
1711 Duke of Marlborough Let. 10 Nov. in Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. MSS Earl of Eglinton (1885) 144 in Parl. Papers 1884–5 (C. 4575) XLIV. 1 I haue no other views then what tend to the firmest vnion with his Lordship.
1741 J. Wesley Almost Christian 12 It is necessarily implied, that a Man have a sincere View of pleasing God in all Things.
1759 R. Jackson Hist. Rev. Pennsylvania 338 Whatever View the Governor had to serve by his Opposition, he neither did himself or Views any Service by it.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 6 Part of Brown's view in chusing that unusual track..had been a desire to view the remains of the celebrated Roman Wall.
1831 Society 1 295 I have told you my views for Jemima.
1849 G. Grote Hist. Greece VI. ii. xlvii. 25 Such were the views of Pericles in regard to his country.
1881 Amer. Decisions 26 563 It is only with the view and expectation of securing his own debt.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > [noun] > object of
bidinga1382
expectation1598
outsight1606
prospect1665
view1689
perspective1742
lookout1792
1689 Friendly Deb. Dr Kingsman & G. Trimmer 68 There were Heirs in pretence, in view, and in expectation.
1718 W. Wood Surv. Trade 17 We were brought in View of a truly safe, honourable, and advantagious Peace.
1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World vii. 210 We could have no better views at present than of falling into their hands sooner or later.
1755 T. Smollett tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote I. iv. iv. 228 He that hath good in his view, and yet will not evil eschew, his folly deserveth to rue.
1758 S. Hayward Seventeen Serm. xiv. 408 It gives the christian..the sweetest composure in the views of death.
1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab iv. 57 Are not thy views of unregretted death Drear, comfortless, and horrible?
1822 D. Johnson Sketches Field Sports Natives India Pref. p. x I entertain no view of any emolument whatever from the present publication.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > relation to something or reference
respitea1382
beholdingc1449
respect1485
aspect1509
regardc1520
reference1581
referrance1583
tending1587
reflection1614
intuition1626
concernment1640
concerning1642
tendency1651
influence1672
re1707
view1719
bearing1741
ref1845
concern1863
the mind > will > intention > [phrase] > with the intention or object of
allc1300
because1480
in the way of1548
in order for1610
with a (also the) view of1692
with a view to1692
out of a view to1719
1719 M. Tomkins Case Mr. M. Tomkins 12 He assured me he had no particular View to me, or Suspicion of me, when he brought down that Sermon among others to Newington.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Choir But the antient Ballustrades have been since restor'd; out of a View to the Beauty of the Architecture.
1736 L. Welsted Scheme & Conduct Providence viii. 93 In view to the second [commandment], this necessity was greater.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > school of thought > [noun] > way of thinking
perspective1605
way of thinking1650
view1713
framework1754
ideology1896
value system1912
frame of reference1921
value orientation1940
blik1950
theology1962
1713 R. Steele in Guardian 17 Mar. 1/2 The Widow of Sir Marmaduke is to be considered in a very different View.
1729 W. Law Serious Call x. 145 If we consider mankind in a farther view, as a redeemed order of fallen spirits.
1795 W. Paley View Evidences Christianity (ed. 3) II. iii. iv. 335 We are well warranted in calling the view under which the learned men of that age beheld Christianity, an obscure and distant view.
18. Comprehensive understanding. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > [noun]
weenc888
rightnessOE
steemc1330
sight1362
witc1374
emprisea1393
reputation?c1400
apprizingc1449
nick?a1450
vail1471
countc1475
opinionc1480
estimationc1522
meting1548
reckoning1548
valuation1548
computation1558
account1583
cess1588
esteem1598
appreciation1605
resentiment1606
repute1610
ratea1616
assessmenta1626
estimate1637
vote1639
supputation1643
compute1646
value1651
resentment1655
contemplation1673
critique1798
appraisement1808
appraisal1817
viewa1854
sizing up1967
chit1989
a1854 Ld. Cockburn Memorials (1856) iii. 177 Allen's single lecture..contained as much truth and view as could be extracted..from all the books in Europe on that subject.
1980 M. L'Engle Walking on Water ix. 151 I told the interviewer, ‘You have a point of view. But God has view’.
Phrases
P1. Phrases with in.
a. in view. [Compare Middle French, French en vue in sight (first half of the 14th cent.), and also Anglo-Norman a vewe, Old French, Middle French a veue, Middle French, French à vue in sight (second half of the 12th cent.).]
(a) In sight, so as to be visible. Also in in full view: in full sight.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > [phrase] > as an object aimed at
in view?c1475
the mind > attention and judgement > attention > notice, observation > [adverb] > under attention
in view?c1475
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [adverb] > clearly visible > in full view
in view?c1475
in the face of1482
on view1800
to the fore1842
the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > [adverb] > under consideration
in view?c1475
in one's eye?1567
in speculation1638
under consideration1652
on (upon) the tapis1690
on the carpet1726
in contemplation1773
on (also upon) the table1884
on the nail1886
?c1475 [see sense 5a(c)].
?1573 L. Lloyd Pilgrimage of Princes f. 216v She princely doth possesse in place, the Golden fleace in vewe.
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xxii. 55 The enemies in vew . View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 563 And now Advanc't in view they stand, a horrid Front Of dreadful length. View more context for this quotation
1731 W. Halfpenny Perspective made Easy 4 Here inserted more plainly to discover what part of the Cube is in View.
1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. iv. 282 His soldiers, now that they had their prey in full view, complained neither of fatigue, nor famine, nor want of pay.
1782 W. Cowper Progress of Error in Poems 69 None sends his arrow to the mark in view, Whose hand is feeble, or his aim untrue.
1812 Sporting Mag. 39 88 The hounds..were running a hare hard in view.
1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxvi. 262 There was nothing in view except Dalrymple Rock.
1916 Rotarian Jan. 25/1 The mountains were in view and distant only about thirty miles.
1977 Motorboating & Sailing Mar. 49/1 We had just about decided to reverse course and wait for better weather when a ship came in view.
(b) Under consideration; as an object of attention or notice; in mind. Frequently in to keep in view.
ΚΠ
1566 J. Barthlet Pedegrewe Heretiques f. 41 The thing notwithstanding that I intende to match, & set them in viewe eche with other, is the maner and rite that they vsed.
1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau Certaine Secrete Wonders Nature f. 117v There is yet a further consideration and regarde touchyng the faces, which bothe in view and iudgement seeme more humaine than brutal.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 1030 Then let us seek Som safer resolution, which methinks I have in view . View more context for this quotation
1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. x. 65 By keeping the Idea..for some time actually in view, which is called Contemplation.
1779 Mirror No. 66 It is necessary that we keep in view the character of Lady Anne.
1791 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse Introd. 2 It is probable the resemblance Josephus had in view, was chiefly that of the outward form.
1840 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 1 iv. 455 This should always be kept in view.
1891 ‘L. Malet’ Wages of Sin II. 38 I have a quantity of work in view.
1911 Catholic Encycl. XII. 735/2 The inferior and relative nature of the honour due to relics was always kept in view.
1972 H. Barker in S. P. Kashap Stud. in Spinoza 154 Possibly he had in view only the ordinary cases of vision.
2014 D. Singh Adv. in Plant Biopesticides vii. 119 Keeping in view the ever-increasing demand for safe food, pesticides of plant origin have a pivotal role to play.
(c) As an aim, object, or end. Also (tautologically) in to have an aim (also object, end, etc.) in view.
ΚΠ
1581 C. Thimelthorpe Short Inuentory Certayne Idle Inuentions f. 9 Ther may behold the innumerable number of worldlinges, hauinge continually their desyred fort in view.
1645 R. Pricket Newes from King's Bath 11 This you had in view: But God would have you know 'twas not for you.
1678 in tr. J. Le Noir New Politick Lights i. 17 The common Good that Jesus Christ had in view when he instituted the Government of his Church.
1720 A. Ramsay Prospect of Plenty 14 This, this our faithfou trustees have in view, And honourably will the task pursue.
1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. lviii. 259 Liberty..we all profess to have in view.
1790 A. Shirrefs Poems 278 Fiercely they fought, having honour in view, Ten hours quite elaps'd.
1853 R. Browning In a Balcony in Men & Women II. 92 Who keeps one end in view makes all things serve.
1878 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. III. xx. 438 It may be questioned whether the advisers of Henry VI..had any deep political object in view.
1908 Animal Managem. (War Office) 291 With this in view, the saddles are very generally left on.
1965 C. Himes Cotton comes to Harlem vi. 56 I have utmost confidence in you, Mrs. Hill. We both have the same aim in view.
2015 J. D. Grainger Brit. Campaigns S. Atlantic vi. 69 Popham had a special scheme in view in heading for St. Helena.
b. in (full) view of and variants: in the sight of, so as to be seen (fully) by; (also) within sight of the thing viewed, near enough to see (fully). Also in extended use: close to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [adverb] > in sight
in sight1377
there1535
in (full) view of1548
in prospect1555
in vista1786
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxiiij These armies thus liyng, the one in the conspect and vewe of the other studied all meanes and pollecies, how to take aduauntage eche of other.
1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 i. i. 139 Richard The second in the view of manie Lords Resignde the Crowne to Henrie the fourth.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 22 An Iland called Mæottey, scituate in view of some three other.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ii. 394 Neerer our ancient Seat; perhaps in view Of those bright confines. View more context for this quotation
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 25 While I was in View of the Moor that was swimming, I stood out directly to Sea with the Boat.
1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. II. ii. 101 Here he chose his station, in view of a temple dedicated to Hercules.
1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion ix. 419 For sacrifice, performed Exultingly, in view of open day. View more context for this quotation
1883 J. de Mille Castle in Spain xxiv. 86/1 The face of one who was standing in full view of Death.
1934 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 2 Mar. 382/1 Then there is the hurried sending for the house-surgeon.., in view of everyone except the patient and his friends.
2012 New Yorker 2 Apr. 54/2 Downing numerous bottles of champagne in full view of the cameras.
c. in my (also his, her, our etc.) view: in my (his, her, etc.) opinion; as I (you, etc.) see it. [Compare French à nostre vue (1580 in Middle French) and variants with other possessive pronouns.]
ΚΠ
1609 J. Boys Expos. Princ. Script. 121 In our view the grace of our Lord Iesus Christ goeth before the loue of God.
1650 J. Horn Θυρα Ανεωγμενη iv. vi. 273 Yet that then ‘it must save All men in eternall life..’ is in my view as great an inconsequence as that.
?1748 S. Hume Exhort. Inhabitants South-Carolina 30 All earthly and transitory Objects were, and are, in my View and Estimation, as Loss, Dross and Dung.
1796 Parl. Reg. 1781–96 XLIV. 354 This was, in his view of the subject, the most difficult part of the bill.
1839 Eclectic Rev. July 51 The success or failure of the individual speculator in metaphysics, is, in our view, of little consequence.
1886 Pop. Sci. June 1886 In their view, as in that of the Ojibways, the Delawares, and other Algonkin nations, there were two creations.
1926 J. Galsworthy Silver Spoon iii. vi. 264 Do I understand you to imply that in your view it is moral for women to have liaisons before marriage, and for men and women to have them after?
1971 G. Brown In my Way vii. 145 Two groups, each of whom reckoned that it had its own hot line to Ho Chi Minh, but neither of whom in my view really did.
2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) xiv. 297 In her view none of the young offenders' institutions in England and Wales was providing sufficient education and training.
d. in that (also this) view: on that account; for that reason or consideration. Also in in every view: in every way.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [phrase] > for that reason or because of that or inasmuch as
in thatc1175
for as mickle asc1390
in as (also so) mickle (as)c1390
in that thatc1450
by (the) means (also mean) (that)1549
by and by1565
in regard1600
in that (also this) view1688
1688 tr. G. Tachard Relation Voy. Siam v. 223 In that view the Ambassador of France thought himself obliged to offer your Majesty the Christian Religion.
1735 tr. C. Rollin Anc. Hist. V. 78 It is in that view, that Socrates..set so high a value upon Euripides.
1788 J. Priestley Lect. Hist. v. lii. 401 How vastly profitable these our plantations are to us in every view.
1828 A. Whitelaw Casquet Lit. Gems I. 268/1 It was in that view that he proposed to drink to the memory of his late Royal Highness the Duke of York.
1896 Times 26 Mar. 6/2 There should be a free vote for or against the Bill, and it was in that view that he gave his cordial support to the Bill.
1933 Columbia Law Rev. 33 157 It is in this view significant that the state court in the Frost case had failed to justify the legislation.
2003 R. L. Miller & J. D. Brewer A-Z Social Res. 192 It is in this view an essential part of establishing legitimacy for oneself as a researcher.
e. in view of.† (a) In anticipation of; with a view to. Obsolete. [Compare French en vue de (1665).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [phrase] > because of
in virtue ofa1250
by (also for) reason ofa1350
by the virtue ofa1375
by the cause ofc1405
by occasion ofc1425
for cause ofc1425
by way of1447
for suit of1451
in respect of1528
in consideration of1540
in regard of1600
in intuition to1626
by or in vigour of1636
along1680
in view of1710
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > in preparation [phrase] > in anticipation of
with a view to1692
in view of1710
1710 D. Manley Mem. Europe I. i. 2 Let us with a chearful Boldness loose the Reins in view of attaining the latter.
1867 C. S. Parker in Questions for Reformed Parl. v. 197 An unreformed Parliament, which..has never been more disposed to bestir itself for good than now in view of approaching dissolution.
1874 S. Wilberforce Speeches on Missions xviii. 182 He writes to this lady, in a letter with which she has entrusted me, in view of this meeting.
1878 R. Simpson School of Shakspere I. 26 Musters were being taken through England in view of wars with Scotland and France.
(b) In the light of; on account of.
ΚΠ
1794 tr. Brief Acct. Life in Monastery Friburg 7 It is in view of our having offended the majesty of God..that our holy Rule requires us always to walk with our eyes cast down.
1819 T. Hope Anastasius II. 160 In view of the readiness she showed to second my search, all was, or appeared to be, forgiven.
1874 J. Morley On Compromise 54 Error, therefore, in view of such considerations may surely be allowed to have at least a provisional utility.
1911 H. Metcalf & J. F. Collins Control of Chestnut Bark Dis. (U.S. Dept. Agric. Farmers' Bull. No. 467) 20 In view of the uncertain future of the chestnut tree, the Department of Agriculture advises against planting chestnuts anywhere east of Ohio.
1977 R. Arnheim Dynamics Archit. Form viii. 272 The unity of purpose, to which all the parts refer and in view of which they also relate among themselves.
2006 N.Y. Times 3 Sept. 11/1 The results surely must have been a disappointment in view of the fact that Mayor Michael Bloomberg has chose to make education his signature issue.
P2. Phrases with on.† c. on the view: by or as the result of visual inspection. Obsolete.
a. on (also upon) (the) view of: on the sight or inspection of; having made an inspection of; spec. on inspection of (a corpse) for the purpose of facilitating an inquest. Now historical and rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > sight of something > [adverb] > at (first) sight
at (the, as to the) first sightc1390
at prime facea1413
by the first visage1422
at a lookc1450
on (also upon) (the) view of1489
prima faciec1500
at one sight1508
at the first show of1549
at first gaze1577
prima fronte1622
on (also in) the face of ita1656
on the view1823
1489–90 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1489 §6. m. 2 All enditementis..taken afore any of your corowners.., upon the viewe of the body of the seid Thomas Portyngton.
1512 Act 4 Henry VIII c. 20 Preamble in Statutes of Realm (1817) III. 90 [They] caused a Crouner to sit and inquere on the vieu of the Bodies of the said John Cristofore, Gerard, and Genet.
1541–2 Act 33 Henry VIII c. 12 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 845 All Inquisicions upon the viewe of persons slayne..within any the Kinges saide Pallaces or houses.
1573 J. Bridges Supremacie Christian Princes sig. m As the Reader on the viewe of bothe shall there finde it, so on Gods name let him esteeme of it.
1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio Hist. Uniting Portugall to Castill vii. 228 Yet vpon view of the horse, they mette them with the keies of the citie.
1661 Order Quarter Sessions 11 Jan. in State Papers Domestic Charles II (P.R.O.: SP 29/28/45i) f. 87 His Maiestyes Justices of the peace, vpon veiwe or haueing Informacion of such persons soe offending.
1755 R. Burn Justice of Peace I. 236 The jury appearing is to be sworn and charged by the coroner to enquire, upon the view of the body, how the party came by his death.
1779 Mirror No. 66 The feelings that arise on the view of ability, self-possession, knowledge of character.
1816 Ann. Reg. 1815 Chron. 47/2 An inquest was held..on view of the body.
1841 Morning Chron. 17 Aug. 3/4 An inquest was held before Mr. Curry, on view of the body of Peter Thompson.
1929 Bull. National Res. Council (U.S.) No. 73. 34 The chief functions of the coroner..was the holding of inquests on view of the body in cases of death from violence.
1996 M. Jackson New-born Child Murder iv. 89 Inquests could only be held super visum corporis, that is upon view of a body.
b. on view: on exhibition; open to the public; on display.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > [adverb] > clearly visible > in full view
in view?c1475
in the face of1482
on view1800
to the fore1842
society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > [adverb]
on show1785
on view1882
1800 Edinb. Advertiser 22 July 51/1 The Sportsman's Exhibition is now on view, and will continue open for Private Sale, every day during the Race Week.
1813 J. Laskey Gen. Acct. Hunterian Mus. 83 This is the only division of the museum that is not publicly on view to strangers.
1850 Punch 19 Oct. 164/1 The South Western Railway..keeps a quantity of hissing, smoking, screaming engines always ‘on view’.
1882 M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal III. vi. 104 He shall be on view in the drawing-room before dinner.
1915 Amer. Art News 1 May 7/1 Oils, watercolors and pastels by American artists..are now on view and sale at Gimbel's.
1971 D. Brown Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee i. 5 The governor of the recently created Iowa Territory obtained Black Hawk's skeleton and kept it on view in his office.
2014 New Yorker 30 June 17/3 All eleven of the artists whose work is on view took big formal risks.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > sight of something > [adverb] > at (first) sight
at (the, as to the) first sightc1390
at prime facea1413
by the first visage1422
at a lookc1450
on (also upon) (the) view of1489
prima faciec1500
at one sight1508
at the first show of1549
at first gaze1577
prima fronte1622
on (also in) the face of ita1656
on the view1823
1823 J. Badcock Domest. Amusem. 31 Making an estimate of the original purity of the material..may be accomplished, first on the view; second by heat.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. xxi. 615 The High Bailiff then walked round the three companies of horsemen, and pronounced, on the view, that Montague and Fox were duly elected.
P3. Phrases with with.
a. with a (also the) view of: with the aim, object, or end of (doing something).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > [phrase] > with the intention or object of
allc1300
because1480
in the way of1548
in order for1610
with a (also the) view of1692
with a view to1692
out of a view to1719
1692 W. Temple Mem. Christendom iii. 400 France, he said, would end his War with the View of beginning another.
1722 tr. F. C. Weber Present State Russia II. 112 You acted only with a View of deceiving me.
1802 O. G. Gregory Treat. Astron. xiv. 257 With a view of ascertaining more accurately the nature of the sun.
1827 M. Faraday Chem. Manip. xxiv. 590 With the view..of expediting the acquirement of the necessary habits.
1885 1st Rep. Commissioners Housing of Working Classes 452/2 in Parl. Papers 1884–5 (C. 4402) XXX. 1 Power of taking possession of bad dwellings with the view of carrying out the necessary work.
1913 Proc. Royal Soc. 1912–13 B. 86 389 Many methods of fixation have been tried, principally with the view of obtaining a better fixation of blood parasites.
1972 Nation (Bridgetown, Barbados) 15 Dec. 28 Both sides then proceeded to discuss the redundancy matter with a view of arriving at a solution.
2013 K. Kalocsai Communities Pract. & Eng. as Lingua Franca (2014) iii. 53 I designed my data collection with a view of adopting an ethnographic approach.
b. with a view to.
(a) With the aim or object of; with the intention to.
(i) Followed by an infinitive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > [adverb] > in relation or with reference to or concerning
forasmuch1297
as to1340
as fora1393
nentesa1400
accordingc1430
as respects1543
in (also with) relation to1551
relatively1609
quoad1622
referently1650
on, upon the score (of)1651
on account of1653
schetically1678
with a view to1692
apropos1749
as regards1797
in the matter of1881
in aid of1918
wise1942
the mind > will > intention > [phrase] > with the intention or object of
allc1300
because1480
in the way of1548
in order for1610
with a (also the) view of1692
with a view to1692
out of a view to1719
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > in preparation [phrase] > in anticipation of
with a view to1692
in view of1710
1692 Bp. G. Burnet Disc. Pastoral Care vii. 175 The other way of reading the Scriptures, is to be done merely with a view..to raise Devotion, to encrease Piety, and to give good Thoughts and severe Rules.
1697 D. Jones Secr. Hist. White-Hall xlvi. 84 They were secretly promoting the same Might and Main..with a View to engage us in a Civil War.
1723 tr. F. C. Weber Present State Russia I. 160 With a View to secure the Cuban-Tartars to the Russian Interest.
a1768 J. Erskine Inst. Law Scotl. (1773) I. iv. iv. 721 The forcible carrying off or abduction of the woman's person, with a view to violate it.
1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Characters 54/2 The troops had been embarked with a view to retake the island of Grenada.
1891 Law Times 92 105/2 The lady had contracted specifically with a view to bind definite separate estate.
1928 L. K. A. Iyer Mysore Tribes & Castes I. v. 186 Before he can marry her or even enter into negotiations with a view to do so, he must return to his native village.
2013 J. Martin & T. Storey Unlocking Criminal Law (ed. 4) xiv. 478 The mens rea of blackmail is that D must be acting with a view to gain for himself or another or with intent to cause loss to another.
(ii) Followed by a gerund or (occasionally) verbal noun.
ΚΠ
1719 R. West Inq. Manner of creating Peers 1 The Distribution of Lands..was made with a View to the keeping them in perpetual Subjection.
1756 T. Rutherforth Inst. Nat. Law II. vi. 237 Whatever civil laws enjoyn or forbid with a view to obtaining good, or preventing harm, to the body politic.
1785 Short View Proposals Final Adjustment Comm. Syst. 20 If the Planter chooses to consign his Sugars there with a view to selling them.
1842 J. C. Loudon Suburban Horticulturist 53 They might..be advantageously introduced with a view to watering summer crops.
1879 L. Molinelli Eureka & its Resources v. 51 The company, with a view to keeping down expenses, have adopted the plan of leasing the mines.
1922 A. A. Tilley Medieval France viii. 325 The details are more happily grouped with a view to giving the illusion of real life.
1953 D. Bidney Theoret. Anthropol. v. 125 The potentialities of the earth and of seeds are cultivated with a view to the growing of edible plants.
2006 Tatler Aug. 89/1 Her father sent off some pictures of her to a modelling agency, with a view to establishing her as an actress.
(iii) Followed by a noun or pronoun.
ΚΠ
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Hair It was with a View to this, that such as afterwards quitted the World, to go and live in Cloisters, procured their Hair to be shaven off.
1767 W. Cowper Let. 10 Oct. (1979) I. 182 I am willing to suspect that you make this Enquiry with a View to an Interview.
1833 H. Martineau Messrs. Vanderput & Snoek i. 20 [He] allowed that such an indulgence might,—especially with a view to increased knowledge,—be extended to a sufferer like Christian.
1875 A. Helps Social Pressure iii. 49 The tendency is more and more to promote individual effort with a view to individual comfort.
1891 Law Times 90 373/1 The Belgian Government desired his extradition with a view to his trial in Belgium.
1928 Britain's Industr. Future (Liberal Industr. Inq.) v. 408 Rating areas should be drastically revised with a view to a more equal distribution of the burden of rates.
2015 E. Stewart New Habits xxix. 200 They were looking for foster parents with a view to adoption.
(b) With regard or reference to. Somewhat rare.
ΚΠ
1785 W. Paley Princ. Moral & Polit. Philos. vi. xii. 686 War may be considered with a view to its causes and its conduct.
1895 Daily News 26 Feb. 6/13 India Pale Ale is so called because it was originally made solely with a view to the climate of the East Indies.
2002 C. Slaughter Before Knife (2003) iii. 77 British veterinarians cordoned off the land with a view to the government's priorities.
(c) In anticipation of. Somewhat rare.
ΚΠ
1808 E. Sleath Bristol Heiress V. 329 With a view to his approaching nuptials, Lord Castleton presented him with a handsome service of plate.
1859 A. Bain Emotions & Will xi. 606 The commander of an army, reconnoitring his ground with a view to impending battle.
1976 L. Cazler Surv. & Surveyors of Public Domain 1785–1975 xiii. 150/1 In 1956, with a view to impending statehood, the Kateel and Umiat Initial Points were established.
1983 P. Dallas Ital. Wines (new ed.) viii. 120 Lessona winery is building up stocks of fine old wines with a view to the future rather than current sales.
c. with this (or that) view: with this aim or intention; for this purpose. Now somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > [adverb] > with this or that intention or purpose
thereforec1175
therefornea1300
whereto1535
hithera1538
thithera1616
hitherunto1635
hitherto1637
with this (or that) view1696
1696 Lady Masham Disc. Conc. Love God Pref. sig. A2 The ensuing Discourse is Publish'd with this View.
1763 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting III. v. 147 Preudhomme went to Wilton with that view.
1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. iv. 281 With this view he dispatched a courier to Bourbon.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 191 With this view he fixed a cord to a nail which was in one of the beams of the ceiling.
1857 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. I. ix. 573 With this view, the people, even in their ordinary amusements, are watched and carefully superintended.
1904 Musical Times Nov. 719/2 He wanted the first few bars to sound as definite and strong as a choir of male voices..; and with this view he authorizes David to strengthen the horns.
1940 Man 40 183/1 With this view he selected a circuitous route through Souri and Panijia.
2014 M. Hasanuzzaman et al. in Emerging Technol. & Managem. Crop Stress Tolerance I. xvi. 377 With that view, plant scientists are now sacrificing their time searching for ways to make the plants adaptive.
P4. Other prepositional phrases.† a. Falconry and Hunting at (also to) the view: by sight. Also in figurative contexts. Obsolete. [Compare Middle French a veue (third quarter of the 14th cent. in this sense in a hunting context; French à vue subsequently from 1676 in this sense).]
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > [adverb] > by sight
at (also to) the view1486
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > [adverb] > to the sight
to sighta1300
(for) to showc1400
at (also to) the view1486
to view1594
1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. dj (heading) An hawke flieth to the vew. to the Beke. or to the Toll.
1607 G. Chapman Bussy D'Ambois ii. 17 Both fell as their spirits flew Vpwards: and still hunt Honour at the view.
1628 Bp. H. King Expos. Lords Prayer 144 'Tis dangerous to hunt such abstruse mysteries at the view, or looke too neere.
1657 Bp. H. King Poems, Elegies, Paradoxes & Sonnets 135 Teach me to hunt that kingdom at the view Where true joyes reign.
b. by (the) view of: under the inspection or supervision of; by the authority of. Now historical and rare. [Compare Anglo-Norman par vewe de in the sight of, in the presence of (1215 or earlier).]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > inspection, survey > [adverb] > of a body, etc.
by (the) view ofa1500
a1500 (a1477) Black Bk. (Soc. of Antiquaries) in A. R. Myers Househ. Edward IV (1959) 134 Deane of Chapell..takith yerely clothing with houshold..and cariage for his compotent beddyng and harnes in the office of vestyary, by the vewe of the countroller.
a1500 Walter of Henley's Husbandry (Sloane) (1890) 50 (MED) Let your medowis be wele and clene mowen by þe advyce and vewe off your bayle.
1534 G. Ferrers tr. Bk. Magna Carta f. 32v The goodes shalbe saued and kepte by vyew of the sheryf coroner or the kynges bayllyffe.
1666 Exact Abridgm. Statutes in Force 275 Timber and irregular buildings to be prevented and upon conviction by view of the Commissioners or any 5 of them, to be removed within one moneth after notice.
1700 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. II. ii. vii. 820 Every Archbishop, Bishop, Earl, or Baron..passing through our Forest, may Lawfully take one or two Deer by view of the Forester if present.
1795 T. W. Williams Whole Law Justice of Peace IV. 41 The defendants were convicted by view of the justices.
1812 J. Gabbett Digested Abridgm. Statute Laws Eng. & Ireland I. 439 If it be found by the assise, that the same deforceors have disturbed them of their egress or regress..then shall they recover their seisin by view of the inquest.
1854 R. W. Eyton Antiq. Shropshire I. 254 William the Clerk..charges £2. 5s. 9d. as having been expended on the same Tower, under royal warrant, and by view of the same Philip Fitz Stephen.
1979 C. R. Young Royal Forests Medieval Eng. v. 76 The bailiff should have the proceeds that belonged to the king's manor: nuts, honey, pannage, agistment by view of the agisters and foresters.
P5. Phrases with take.
a. to take a (also †the) view of: to make an inspection or examination of; to take a look at; (in later use) to survey mentally. Formerly occasionally in to take view of.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > inspection, survey > inspect, survey [verb (transitive)]
visit1338
to take a (also the) view of1476
overreachc1540
review1588
survey1592
1476 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 493 I suppose þat my lorde wille take the vywe off alle hys retynywe heere.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Eiiii [They] had sent their spyes to take the vewe of the countre.
1578 in P. Cunningham Extracts Accts. Revels at Court (1842) 137 My Lord Chamberleyne toke a viewe of the stuffe at Mr Brydemans.
1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments Ep. to Rdr. I likewise tooke view of many ancient Monuments not inscribed.
1658 A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 236 He had taken a view of the monuments.
1690–1700 Order of Hospitalls sig. Fv To find, when Veiwe is taken, whether the same Childe be living and remaininge in the Howse, or at Nurse.
1774 O. Goldsmith Grecian Hist. II. iii. 233 The next day he took a view of all Darius's money and moveables.
1780 New & Compl. Newgate Cal. V. 30 No sooner had he taken a view of it, than he declared, that..he had made the paper on which that very will was written.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 305 In order to take a view of the general means employed, to lessen, increase, or otherwise modify the affinities of bodies.
1840 J. Reid Turkey & Turks xvii. 181 If any one takes a view of Stamboul and its suburbs, either from the water or from some eminence.
1922 E. Scrymsour Perfect World i. 47 He stepped into the shelter of a jutting piece of rock, from which, all unseen, he could take a view of his surroundings.
1963 R. Y. Jennings Acquisition of Territory Internat. Law v. 69 To take a view of the situation that is so narrow and partial as almost to border on the irrelevant.
2007 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 22 Sept. 589 From the vantage point of his clinic, Professor Doty is well placed to take a view of the future.
b. to take the (also a) long view: to think beyond the short-term or present situation; to provide for or consider the future.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > future [verb (intransitive)] > have regard for the future
forelooka1513
to take the (also a) long view1826
1826 Pamphleteer 27 45 If you will take a long view instead of a confined view, and look generally to the increase of human happiness.
1888 F. S. Child Be Strong to Hope v. 71 Tribulation bids us take the long view of life.
1924 Times Trade & Engin. Suppl. 29 Nov. 247/2 Those who took the long view and ordered more than just to meet current needs are now reaping the benefit of such a policy.
1951 D. Thomas Let. 15 Sept. (1987) 808 ‘They would materialise,’ the suave men said, ‘Eventually. You must learn to take the long view.’
1999 S. Rushdie Ground beneath her Feet (2000) xii. 371 A parable about people who..are obliged by circumstances to take a long view.
2009 Spectator (Hamilton, Ont.) (Nexis) 18 Dec. (Business section) a20 Ottawa is right to take the long view when valuating its pension assets and liabilities.
c. to take a dim view (of something): see dim adj. 4d. to take a poor view (of something): see poor adj. 2e.
P6. ——'s-eye view: that which is visible to, or imagined visible to, a specified animal or person; the mental perspective of a specified viewer. [after bird's eye view n. 1] child's-eye view, God's-eye view, man's-eye view, worm's-eye view: see the first element.
ΚΠ
1787 G. Greive tr. F. J. de Chastellux Trav. N.-Amer. I. 293 This was really an eagle's eye view, for it seems as if he must have hovered above the trees.
1833 Athenæum 7 Sept. 607/1 The work is additionally interesting, as affording us a traveller's-eye view of Paris.
1843 Universalist Union July 554/1 A sheep's eye view of the interior of the vessel.
1962 A. Huxley Island xiii. 218 Should one take the Freud's-eye view or the Cézanne's-eye view? The Proust's-eye view or the Buddha's-eye view?
2015 T. Barney Mapping Cold War i. 36 A Fuhrer's-eye view from a plane descending through the clouds over Germany.
Compounds
C1. General attributive and objective (in senses 10b and 10a).† view-taking n. Obsolete rare
view hunter n.
ΚΠ
1817 Edinb. Monthly Mag. July 375 It is dangerous..for a view-hunter to meddle with this species of the picturesque.
1837 J. E. Murray Summer in Pyrenees II. 65 The most greedy view-hunters of them all will leave it satisfied with the beauty and magnificence of the prospect.
1947 Pop. Sci. Monthly Apr. 199/1 The view hunters find ample opportunity there to shoot the river and the Jersey shore through arches and vaults.
2000 P. Spearritt Sydney's Cent. ix. 177 With the rapid growth of the city in the 1950s and 1960s more and more waterways are colonised by view hunters.
view-hunting n. now chiefly historical
ΚΠ
1825 New Times 20 Aug. We have had a great influx of strangers this summer, some bent on the destruction of grouse, others on the more innocent object of view-hunting.
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus in Fraser's Mag. Mar. 308/2 I mean the epidemic, now endemical, of view-hunting.
1923 Mod. Philol. 20 347 What with his ‘view-hunting’, his sentimental humanitarianism, his solitude, and his nameless woe, he bears the chief stigmata of the lesser romantic poet of later years.
2006 G. Levine Darwin loves You i. 27 Romanticism.., with its vogues of ‘view-hunting’, and its tourist's-eye view of the Alps.
view painter n.
ΚΠ
1835 A. T. Malkin Gallery of Portraits with Mem. V. 36 Among the view-painters, Hendrick Van Lint, surnamed Studio, may be named as the most remarkable of his class.
1968 Listener 20 June 796/1 Flocks of academic view painters..used to set up their easels round the picturesque little harbour at St. Ives.
2007 Daily Tel. 23 Jan. 27/1 As early as the 1720s he had established an international reputation as the leading Venetian view painter.
view painting n.
ΚΠ
1855 Crayon 2 17/1 However subordinate the department of view-painting may be considered in its general sense, it rises at times to the level of the highest creations of Art.
1971 Country Life 2 Sept. 536/3 Topographical view-painting was not confined to fortunate Worcester, of course.
2010 Art Q. Winter 5/1 Canaletto's tradition of view painting is alive and well.
view station n.
ΚΠ
1822 Acct. Principal Pleasure Tours Eng. & Wales 99 Near this place stands Lutterel's Tower.., constructed for a view station.
1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 Sept. 4/2 It was his delight to make..good roads to all the best view stations on his estate.
1915 Pop. Mech. Mag. Nov. 683/1 There are turnouts and view stations, as well as supply stations for the motor cars.
2012 D. Lunan Stones & Stars ii. v. 162 The ground plan of the view stations around Le Grand Menhir Brisé.
ΚΠ
1855 Crayon 1 236/3 View-Taking I consider as of a distinct character from landscape painting.
C2. † view making n. Obsolete rare the activity or practice of making a formal inspection or view (sense 1).† view paint v. Obsolete rare intransitive to paint a scenic view or a depiction of one.† view take v. Obsolete rare intransitive to make a depiction of a landscape or scenic view.
view camera n. a camera in which the lens forms an image on a ground glass screen or film that is mounted directly behind it, and which typically consists of a mount for the lens and another for the screen or film and a flexible bellows (bellows n. 4) connecting the two which allows the adjustment of their relative positions.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > [noun] > general types of
box camera1828
daguerreotype1839
view camera1851
pistolgraph1859
pinhole camera1861
panoramic camera1862
pantoscopic camera1865
pistolograph1866
pantoscope1879
detective camera1881
filmograph1881
photographometera1884
photochronograph1887
snap-shooter1890
stand camera1890
tele-objective camera1891
film camera1893
magazine camera1893
panoram1893
telephoto1894
mutograph1897
tele-camera1899
telephote1903
press camera1912
reflex1922
candid camera1929
minicam1935
single-lens reflex1936
plate camera1937
magic eye1938
subminiature1947
miniature1952
all-sky camera1955
microfilmer1959
stereo-camera1959
streak camera1962
gallery camera1964
SLR1964
TLR1965
spy-camera1968
pinhole1976
multi-mode1981
digicam1989
point-and-shoot1991
1851 Daguerreian Jrnl. 1 Mar. 251/2 The view camera you had better order soon, as it will be some time before Mr. Harrison can get it ready.
1948 Pop. Photogr. Oct. 45/3 Korona Commercial View cameras have a complete range of vertical, horizontal and lateral adjustments.
2015 M. Evening Photographers at Work iii. 65 Thanks to the movements of the view camera, I was able to get the shot with a superwide-angle lens and without cutting off anything of major importance.
view card n. now historical a postcard showing a view (sense 10a).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > correspondence > letter > card > [noun]
card1596
message card1746
birthday card1797
view card1822
acceptance1837
Easter card1842
wedding-cards1847
comic1860
postcard1869
letter card1870
postal card1870
pc1876
postal1877
note-card1884
photo card1890
greeting-card1898
picture postcard1899
seaside postcard1955
sympathy card1967
1822 New-Eng. Galaxy 6 Dec. View Card Racks.
1938 E. Blunden On Several Occasions You, friend landlord, and chance comer, Buying a view-card.
2011 G. Miller Delaware Album 1900–1930 3 The view card offered something that we today take for granted—a photograph.
view count n. a determination of the number of times a web page, video, or other item of digital content on the internet has been accessed by internet users; cf. pageview n.
ΚΠ
1996 Apology in wpg.general (Usenet newsgroup) 23 Dec. The damage was done by creating it and posting its existance [sic] on wpg.general. The printout I made has a view count of 22 people.
2001 D. Wessels Web Caching vi. 129 The origin server..gets an accurate view count because the CGI script is executed for every view.
2009 A. Lastufka & M. W. Dean YouTube xiv. 264 If you posted a great video a year ago and it has a low view count, the chances are it's ‘dead’ and will not catch on.
view day n. now rare (a) a day on which a formal inspection or view (sense 1) is held; (b) a day on which an exhibition is held.
ΚΠ
1600 Maldon (Essex) Documents (Bundle 162, No. 2) xxiiid for fire, and bredd, and beare spent in the Moote-halle on the pettie vew daye.
1850 Art Jrnl. July 224 The rooms were crowded during the ‘view’ days with visitors.
1959 J. Fleming Miss Bones ix. 100 There was a view day at Christie's to which he went, another at a sale room in South Kensington.
1973 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 24 Mar. 753/2 Traditional events such as View Day on 9 May—the annual inspection by the Aldermen of the City of London carried out since Henry VIII's time.
viewfinder n. an attachment to, or part of, a camera through which the field of view of the lens can be observed, used in framing and focusing the picture.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > parts and accessories of camera > [noun] > view-finder
rearsight1831
finder1862
viewfinder1883
sports finder1938
1883 Photogr. News 20 Apr. 254/1 To indicate the usefulness of the ‘view-finder’, he mentioned that a gentleman had called to know if a certain lens was capable of taking a certain building within a limited space. Mr. Turnbull simply gave him a view-finder adjusted to the lens in question.
1958 N.Y. Times 21 Sept. ii. 23/6 The new model Canon VI-T 35mm camera, announced last week, is distinguished from its predecessors chiefly by..a redesigned viewfinder system.
2002 Times 24 July 12/3 (advt.) Each of these stylish and easy-to-use 35mm cameras feature automatic focus, flash, optical viewfinder, automatic loading and winding, red eye reduction and a ten-second delay timer.
view lens n. Photography now historical a lens designed for use in photographing landscapes, esp. one capable of maintaining focus over the whole of the field of view.
ΚΠ
1852 Aide-mémoire to Mil. Sci. III. 120 For landscape photography the ordinary view-lens obtained from a good maker is as satisfactory as any.
1902 Photogr. Times-Bull. Apr. 180/2 The photographer who works for pictorial effect only need seldom or never go beyond the ordinary achromatized view lens.
2007 M. Zahorcak in M. R. Peres Focal Encycl. Photogr. (ed. 4) 160/2 The Globe found use as an outdoor view lens.
ΚΠ
1534 G. Ferrers tr. Bk. Magna Carta f. 8v That the sheryf seke no occasyons & that he be content with so muche as the sheryf was wonte to haue for his vyew makyng in the tyme of kyng Henry our graundfather.
1607 in W. H. Hale Precedents in Causes of Office against Churchwardens (1841) 10 They shall certify..of the vew making by the workmen,..and likewise how farr they have proceeded in the repayer of the church.
ΚΠ
1778 E. Thompson in Muse's Mirrour I. 239 Millions I swear Are music-mad without an ear, View painting without eyes.
viewphone n. originally Science Fiction a telephone device capable of transmitting and receiving images as well as sound; = videophone n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > telecommunication > telegraphy or telephony > telephony > telephone equipment > [noun] > telephone > types of
microtelephone1879
field telephone1880
telephone extension1881
pay telephone1886
home telephone1893
substation1897
extension1906
railophone1911
dial phone1917
payphone1919
dial telephone1921
autophone1922
mobile telephone1930
viewphone1932
videophone1944
mobile phone1945
car phone1946
video telephone1947
speaker-phone1955
picture telephone1956
princess phone1959
touchtone telephone1961
touch-tone1962
touchtone phone1963
picture phone1964
Trimphone1965
princess telephone1966
vision-telephone1966
visiophone1971
princess1973
warbler1973
landline1977
cardphone1978
feature phone1979
smartphone1980
mobile1982
cell phone1983
Vodafone1984
cellular1985
mobile device1989
brick1990
satphone1991
celly1992
burner phone1996
keitai1998
burner2002
1932 R. Z. Gallun in Wonder Stories Q. Winter 228/1 He had scarcely finished mounting a tiny coil of wire within the hand-grip of his weapon, when the view-phone bell rang insistently.
1966 New Scientist 24 Nov. 440/3 A ‘viewphone’ service (which could enable telephone users, to see each other during a call).
1991 Daily Tel. 12 Jan. 8/8 Although the video phone will initially be offered to the business community at a minimum £10,000 per set, the domestic user can expect to pay under £1,000 for a less sophisticated equivalent, the viewphone.
viewsite n. (a) (in the language of estate agents) a site with a desirable prospect or view (sense 10a) belonging or adjacent to a property (now somewhat rare); (b) a position which offers a particularly extensive or attractive view of the surrounding area, a natural feature within it, etc. (cf. viewpoint n. 1).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > place where view obtained > [noun] > site for house or building with a view
viewsite1945
the world > space > place > position or situation > [noun] > actually occupied > in respect of surroundings > with a view
viewsite1945
1945 Sunday Times 9 Dec. 6/4 Charming Home of unique design under tiled roof, of 1/4 acre viewsite.
1977 Chicago Tribune 2 Oct. (TV Week Suppl.) 4/1 (advt.) This economical two-story home turns its back to the street (or takes beautiful advantage of a viewsite) to create an uncommon sense of privacy even in a busy urban setting.
?1987 O. Prozesky Wrath of Lamb i. 2 Taking visitors up to the viewsite early that morning, they had found him by the roadside.
2003 W. Olivier & S. Olivier Hiking Trails S. Afr. 99/1 An optional short steep climb leads to a viewsite.
ΚΠ
1889 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 339 If they are view-taking in a region of streams and woods.
Derivatives
ΚΠ
1589 R. Greene Ciceronis Amor Ep. Ded. sig. A2v Thinking nothing rare, nor view-worthy, sufficiently patronaged, vnlesse shrowded vnder the protection of so honorable a Mœcenas.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
viewv.
/vjuː/, U.S. /vju/ 1. † a. transitive. To inspect in a formal or official manner; to examine in order to give a professional or informed assessment. Obsolete.In later use passing into sense 2a.† c. transitive. To inspect (records, accounts, etc.) in order to assess or ensure their accuracy or authenticity. Obsolete.In later use passing into sense 2a.† d. transitive. To examine or explore (a country, coast, etc.); to survey. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military organization > ceremonial > perform ceremony [verb (transitive)] > review
view?1520
to pass in review1697
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > inspection, survey > inspect, survey [verb (transitive)] > officially
visitc1325
vizyc1425
aviewa1513
view?1520
inspect1623
?1520 R. Pynson tr. Frère Hayton Lytell Cronycle f. xiv/1 They shold entre into the landes of Asie. And to viewe [Fr. espier] the state and condicyon of the sayd lande.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cclviij Captaynes were sente oute to vieu the situation of theyr ennemies Campe.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. iii. i. 251 In Christmas holidayes his Lordship viewed the Towne of Galloway.
1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes v. xv. 398 The Coroner and his Inquest comming to view the bodies, found remaining but 63.
1714 tr. French Bk. of Rates 419 All Goods coming from Foreign Parts, or going to Foreign Parts, shall be declared, viewed, visited, and discharged.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. vii. xii. 103 The Surgeon,..having viewed the Wound,..ordered his Patient instantly to Bed. View more context for this quotation
1791 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse §211 We..took the opportunity of viewing the progress of our moorstone works at Lanlivery.
1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci i. i. 3 I once heard the nephew of the Pope Had sent his architect to view the ground, Meaning to build a villa.
1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xi. 103 ‘Well, gentlemen!’ resumes the Coroner. ‘..The first thing to be done, is to view the body.’
1920 Pacific Reporter 186 645/1 The road was thereupon viewed and surveyed.
b. transitive. To inspect or review (military troops). Now rare.
ΚΠ
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccxcvii. 278 b/2 Whan they were nombred and viewed [Fr. quant ilz se nombroient], they thought themselfe able to fight with the greatest prince in all the worlde.
?1697 J. Lewis Mem. Duke of Glocester (1789) 21 About this time, there came Scotch regiments of dragoons to be viewed by the King in Hyde Park.
1729 J. Harvey Life R. Bruce iii. 199 To view the troops, and predispose the day.
1940 China Weekly Rev. 9 Nov. 323/2 Their Fuehrer (who could also be seen sometimes in the picture while viewing the troops and receiving cheers).
2001 M. C. Fissel Eng. Warfare iii. 67 A deputy lieutenant and the local captain viewed the troops.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > inspection, survey > inspect, survey [verb (transitive)] > officially > so as to check quality
view1534
wrake1584
wrack1609
visit1654
1534 King Henry VIII Instr. to Commissioners in J. Bacon Liber Regis (1786) p. vi [They shall] also se and veu such regesters, boks of accoumpt, Ester boks, and all other writings.
c1544 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Court of Requests (1898) 88 A commaundement..to vue serche & ouersee certayn Courte Rollis.
1554–5 in A. Feuillerat Documents Office of Revels Edward VI (1914) 178 Comissyoners specially appoynted and aucthorised to vewe and take the accompte state and remayne of and within that offyce.
1647 in Hist. MSS Comm.: 10th Rep.: App. Pt. V (1885) 495 in Parl. Papers 1884–5 (Cd. 4576-I) XLII. 1 The said twelve men or the maior parte of them shall view the late booke of Excise.
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iv. 227 These Commissioners were impowered by the King, to..view their Register-books, Easter-books, and all other writings.
1789 J. Campbell Minutes Gen. Court-martial 23 The packets were then opened, and the Prosecutor viewed the papers.
1817 App. to 8th Ann. Rep. in 6th–10th Rep. Commissioners Public Rec. Ireland 14 in Parl. Papers 1819 (H.C. 582) XXI. 1 We, the undersigned Sub-Commissioners..having viewed the Books and Papers..connected with the object of our Mission.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > inspection, survey > inspect, survey [verb (transitive)] > a place, etc.
perambulate1450
perlustrate1535
view1539
explorate?1549
explore1577
perlustrea1600
reacknowledge1622
canvass1652
reconnoitre1712
recce1943
1539 Bible (Great) Josh. vii. f. iiij/2 And Josua sent men from Jerico to Hai..& spake vnto them, sayinge: gett you vp, and vewe the countrey.
1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue i. 21 Ioshua commaunded..that euery Tribe should choose out three men, that he might send them thorow the land of Canaan, to view, suruey, and to describe it.
1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea ii. ii. 189 They..permitted none besides Merchants to sail unto the Island without their leav, nor any man at all to view or sound the Ports and Sea-Coast.
1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 32 The Commodore sent the Trial Sloop to view the Island.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 143 John Davis..viewed that and the more northern coasts.
1829 R. Talbot tr. F. Schiller William Tell ii. ii. 64 Viewing the land more closely, we Discover'd store of wood, and plenteous springs.
1875 in Special Laws State of Maine (1877) 57 They shall..view the shore and river front,..and shall then designate the limits or bounds in said river.
1905 Trans. Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archæol. Soc. 5 58 Having first viewed the island [they] were sworn and said on their oath that ‘If the island were disafforested it would be a loss to the King’.
1922 G. P. Hadley Hist. Town Goffstown 55 Upon viewing the land they found it so poor and barren as to be altogether incapable of making settlements.
2.
a. transitive. To look at (something) with care or attention or over a period of time; to observe closely; to scrutinize; to watch. Also occasionally intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (transitive)] > examine or inspect
through-lookc1175
spyc1325
to see overc1475
to see over ——1490
view1544
overview1549
sight1556
pervise1577
speculate1616
study1616
to have (also take) a look1673
to have a look1725
to eye over1795
scan1798
search1811
survey1860
skin1876
1544 A. Cope Hist. Anniball & Scipio lxviii. f. 131v But there was nothyng..so moch abated his courage, as the libertie that he gaue his espies, to viewe his order and power.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 7v Let vs walke about, that I may viewe your house tyll dinner be redy.
1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido ii. sig. B3 Illio. Looke where she comes: Æneas, viewe [printed viewd] her well. Æn. Well may I view her, but she sees not me.
1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 27 A Museum well stored with natural and artificial Rarities, which we viewed.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 97 I, to the Temple will conduct the Crew: The Sacrifice and Sacrificers view . View more context for this quotation
1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 31 July (1965) I. 427 The women flock'd in to see me and we were equally entertain'd with viewing one another.
1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. ii. 54 She stood for some time viewing the shadowy scene.
1827 R. Pollok Course of Time I. i. 12 Thus viewing, one they saw, on hasty wing Directing towards heaven his course.
1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 875 They..give no false impression when viewed in the developing tray.
1922 S. Lewis Babbitt viii. 110 He stood before the pier-glass, viewing his trim dinner-coat.
1934 Times 9 Feb. 13/2 From the rock-crested Paarl Hill he viewed the fertile valley.
1979 S. L. Robe Azuela & Mexican Underdogs 53/1 She viewed the charred ruins and the looted stores.
2002 Guardian 11 May c32/2 Jamel Shabazz's photographs can be viewed at an exhibition at the Dazed and Confused Gallery.
b. transitive. To look over (a house or other property) to assess its suitability for purchase, rent, or habitation. Also intransitive, formerly esp. in †card to view (British): a document issued by an estate agent entitling a prospective buyer to view a property (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (intransitive)] > inspect
view1639
1639 W. Laud Relation Conf. Lawd & Fisher 89 When a man..hath viewed a house, and upon viewing likes it, and upon liking resolves unchangeably to dwell there.
a1721 T. Vernon Cases High Court Chancery (1806) I. 346 The father of the plaintiff having viewed the estate before the purchase was made.
1734 tr. J. de la Fontaine Fables & Tales 101 As Socrates was viewing a House that was building for himself, every one found Fault with it.
1826 Examiner 16 Apr. 270/2 (advt.) 4 sitting-rooms, 3 bed-rooms, and every domestic convenience..—For particulars and cards to view, apply at Mr Lahee's Auction and Agency Offices.
1866 F. F. Cattlin Rural Econ. vii. 27 On no account to be so charmed, on viewing an estate, as to be regardless of facts detrimental to the purchase.
1914 ‘E. Bramah’ Max Carrados Myst. 79 The place is to be let... We will go on to the agents and get a card to view.
1967 N. Marsh Death at Dolphin i. 9 We hold the keys. Were you wanting to view?
2010 Irish Times 24 Mar. 13/6 More than 300 parties viewed the house and eight parties asked for the conditions of sale.
c. transitive. To watch (a film, television programme, video clip, etc.). Also intransitive: to watch television.
ΚΠ
1913 Electric Railway Jrnl. 21 June 1126/1 School children viewed the film ‘Dangers of the Streets’ at the lecture room of the Steel company.
1935 Discovery Sept. 277/2 The comfort and interest with which the [television] pictures may be viewed in a semi-darkened room.
1958 Listener 25 Dec. 1090/1 They view on average for thirteen hours a week.
1973 Ebony June 44/2 Even when blacks could view films at white theatres, most still preferred the ghetto movie houses.
1991 N.Y. Times 23 June 12/1 Thousands..read his ‘Raj Quartet’, and millions more viewed the television series based on it.
2007 Financial Times 29 May 4 Around 60 per cent of all internet users have viewed video clips on YouTube.
3.
a. transitive. To see or behold; to catch sight of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (transitive)]
seeOE
to see with (also at) eyeOE
yseeOE
bihowec1000
ofseeOE
thorough-seeOE
beholdc1175
bihedec1275
heedc1275
witec1320
conceivea1398
observe1560
view?1570
eye1582
oculate1609
survey1615
snilch1676
deek1825
peep1954
?1570 E. Elviden Hist. Pesistratus & Catanea sig. L They that viewde the seemely sight, Were so in hart dismaide.
c1595 Countess of Pembroke Psalme cxix. 9 in Coll. Wks. (1998) II. 198 I quake to view how people vile, Doe from thy doctryne swerue.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 51 Where a little from vs, wee viewed a Blacke Tent, and going thither found three old Arabians.
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 331 One plainly views the Isle, and go to the place you find nothing.
1706 R. Estcourt Fair Example v. i. 64 Whims. Look up and view me then. Sym. That's a Jest indeed, when 'tis so dark I can't see my own Hand.
1758 E. Kimber Life Capt. Neville Frowde i. 24 I..was not a little surprized, to view such an Extent of Sky and Water.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lxiv. 585 The alternations of splendour and misery which these people undergo are very queer to view.
1887 Field 31 Dec. 981/3 Mr. Godson viewed our hunted fox sneaking away.
1966 Negro Digest May 92/1 It was in the midst of this hell, that I first viewed the President's palace.
2013 K. Dillon Over the Top Tables Intro. 3 The smiles I see on faces when my table is first viewed.
b. transitive. Hunting. With away. To see (a fox) break cover; to give notice that (a fox) has broken cover, esp. by hallooing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > signals > signal [verb (intransitive)] > cry
hallowc1420
harro?1578
view1812
soho1824
yoicks1840
tally1886
1812 York Herald 8 Feb. Then they tried a small Covert near the Went side, when a fox was viewed away with the pack close at him.
1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports 127/2 The first whip is sent on to the point where the fox is most likely to break, in order to view him away, and save time by hallooing.
1939 Country Life 11 Feb. p. xxxii/3 The fox..took a line to Kineton Oaks, whence he was viewed away by the first whipper-in.
1986 Horse & Hound 25 Apr. 42/3 Douglas Hunt, huntsman to the Hursley Hambledon, viewed him away across Ernie Noyce's meadows.
1997 Hunting Feb. 58/2 A fox..ran by the pond in Angram village, to be viewed away by Mrs York and Roger Bond.
4. † b. intransitive. To have or seek insight into something. Obsolete. rare.
a.
(a) transitive. To survey mentally; to contemplate; to consider.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)] > view as whole
surview1567
viewa1586
surveya1596
a1586 J. Maitland in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 437 Quho hes þe wogue him all þe warld dois wew.
1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Life Agricola in tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. 255 When I view and consider the cause of this warre, and our present necessity.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 33 Hee had well viewed her seuerall forces.
1679 W. Penn Addr. Protestants ii. sig. I If we will yet rise higher in our Enquiry, and view the Mischiefs of Earlier Times.
a1704 T. Brown Ess. Satire Ancients in Wks. (1730) I. 22 When we..view him even to the bottom, we find in him all the Gods together.
a1768 T. Secker Serm. Several Subj. (1770) I. i. 16 Viewing Things on every Side..is grievous Labour to Indolence and Impatience.
1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 75 Bede viewed the world only from the retirement of his cell.
1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues III. 137 All knowledge may be viewed either abstracted from the mind, or in relation to the mind.
1930 B. S. Burks et al. Promise of Youth xvi. 279 Viewing the matter retrospectively he said he was entirely satisfied with the choice he had made.
1990 Times Educ. Suppl. 16 Nov. R8/5 Most children..are unshakeably egocentric, and view the world exclusively from their own standpoint.
(b) transitive. With with. To survey mentally with emotion, interest, etc.; to consider in a specified way.In quot. 1637 used intransitively with object implied.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)]
i-thenchec897
showeOE
i-mune971
thinkOE
overthinkOE
takec1175
umbethinkc1175
waltc1200
bethinkc1220
wend?c1225
weighc1380
delivera1382
peisea1382
considerc1385
musec1390
to look over ——a1393
advise?c1400
debatec1400
roll?c1400
revert?a1425
advertc1425
deliberc1425
movec1425
musec1425
revolvec1425
contemplec1429
overseec1440
to think overc1440
perpend1447
roil1447
pondera1450
to eat inc1450
involvec1470
ponderate?a1475
reputec1475
counterpoise1477
poisea1483
traversec1487
umbecast1487
digest1488
undercast1489
overhalec1500
rumble1519
volve?1520
compassa1522
recount1526
trutinate1528
cast1530
expend1531
ruminate1533
concoct1534
contemplate1538
deliberate1540
revolute1553
chawa1558
to turn over1568
cud1569
cogitate1570
huik1570
chew1579
meditatec1580
discourse1581
speculate1599
theorize1599
scance1603
verse1614
pensitate1623
agitate1629
spell1633
view1637
study1659
designa1676
introspect1683
troll1685
balance1692
to figure on or upon1837
reflect1862
mull1873
to mull over1874
scour1882
mill1905
1637 T. Goodwin Vanity of Thoughts 76 Reason and the intention of their mindes, sit as spectatours all the while to view with pleasure.
1746 P. Francis tr. Horace in P. Francis & W. Dunkin tr. Horace Epistles i. viii. 77 Whate'er may hurt me, I with Joy pursue; Whate'er may do me good, with Horror view.
1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. iii. 191 To view all the constable's actions with a mean and unbecoming jealousy.
1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 991/1 The spread of opinions and principles which are viewed by most governments with horror and aversion.
1882 Harper's Mag. June 40/2 The frigate New Ironsides, whose appearance in action was always viewed with dismay by the enemy.
1923 Pop. Mech. Aug. 277 Scientists are viewing with interest the question of whether ice fields will again cover Canada and parts of the United States.
1975 E. N. Duthie Foreign Vision C. Brontë v. 110 Louis Philippe, whom she views with the notable lack of enthusiasm she shows for royal personages in general.
2011 N.Y. Times 30 Oct. 14/2 President Obama has vowed to withdraw troops from Afghanistan, a prospect viewed with foreboding by some.
(c) transitive. To consider in a certain light; to conceive, think of; to regard. Frequently with as.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > appraise, estimate [verb (transitive)] > view in a certain way
findOE
telllOE
to take for ——a1393
receivec1400
notec1440
reputec1475
esteem1532
read1591
estimate1609
relish1617
set1648
resent1649
view1715
contemplate1785
1715 T. Brereton tr. J. Racine Esther ii. i. 18 He Such Posture views [Fr. traite] as servile Flattery.
1733 Brief Scheme Ontol. in I. Watts Philos. Ess. 375 Tho' one considers [the body of man]..as a curious Engine whose Parts are to be dissected and known, the other views it as capable of Diseases and Healing.
1779 Mirror No. 28 He seems to have viewed the unhappy people of that country merely as the instruments..to furnish himself and his countrymen with..wealth.
1832 G. C. Lewis Remarks Use & Abuse Polit. Terms x. 84 A third manner of viewing mixed governments.
1855 F. A. Paley in tr. Aeschylus Agamemnon in Trag. 412/2 So far from regarding the murder of her husband as a crime, she views it simply as a just retaliation.
1874 H. E. Stainbank Coffee in Natal i. 15 Catch crops..are not viewed favourably in Ceylon, but I am unaware on what grounds.
1964 G. Pitcher Philos. Wittgenstein v. 117 One is justified in supposing he actually viewed the matter in this way.
2011 V. Roth Divergent iv. 31 People who wouldn't buy genetically engineered produce because they viewed it as unnatural.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > understand [verb (intransitive)]
seeOE
understandc1000
knowlOE
tellc1390
conceive1563
smoke1676
overstand1699
view1711
savvy1785
dig1789
twig1832
capisce1904
1711 J. Swift in Examiner 1 No. 27 Mr. H——... Sagacious to view into the remotest Consequences of Things.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > conversation > converse with [verb (transitive)] > discuss or confer about > hold discussion with
entreat1523
interview1548
parley1611
parle1635
view1676
1676 J. Dryden Aureng-Zebe iii. 44 I'll view this Captive Queen; to let her see, Pray'rs and complaints are lost on such as me.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
<
n.a1325
v.?1520- office tower
- office wife
- office window
- office work
- office worker
- office-bearer
- office-book
- office-bound
- office-fellow
- office-holder
- office-holding
- office-house
- office-hunter
- office-hunting
- office-jobbing
- office-mongering
- office-seeker
- office-seeking
- officebearer
- officebook
- officebound
- officed
- officefellow
- officeful
- officeholder