upstreamadv.n.adj.

Brit.

/ˌʌpˈstriːm/, U.S.

/ˌəpˈstrim/

Forms: Also up stream, up-stream.

Etymology: up prep.² 2, 6

A. adv. (and n.)

a. In a direction contrary to the flow of a stream; higher up or along a stream.Common from c1890. Generally stressed up-ˈstream, except when contrasted with down-stream. In later use also const. of or from (a place).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [adverb] > up-river

up847

abovec1330

upstream1681

up-river1848

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > current > [adverb] > against

against, with the stream1555

down, up the stream1560

upstream1681

1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis 1282 To go up stream, adverso flumine navigare.

1839 H. W. Longfellow Hyperion I. i. viii. 91 The rising tide bears against the rushing torrent up stream, and pushes back the hurrying waters.

1850 G. Cupples Green Hand vii. 85/1 The sound of a loud rush of water up-stream broke upon us.

1889 J. K. Jerome Three Men in Boat ix. 142 Three or four miles up stream is a trifle, early in the morning.

b. quasi-n. A position or place further up a stream.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [noun] > head or source > place which is upstream

upstream1891

1891 Nature 18 June 152/2 From upstream of it are derived three main trunk canals.

1915 I. H. Evans in Man XV. 25 A spot some two miles to the up-stream of the Tamu ground.

2. In the oil and gas industries: at or towards the source of production; spec. at a stage in the process of extraction and production before the raw material is ready to be refined.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > drilling for oil or gas > [adverb] > towards source of production

upstream1973

1973 Auckland Star 10 Feb. 18 The most natural way the oil producers can spend their vast wealth..is in developing the industry itself. Huge investment is needed ‘upstream’.

1983 Business Week 21 Feb. 61/1 KPC has not neglected foreign activities upstream. It wants to expand exploration in the U.S.

B. adj. (ˈupstream.)

1. Situated farther or higher up a stream.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [adjective] > situated up-river

up-river1774

upstream1838

1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 150/1 The up-stream angles of the dam.

1843 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 6 88/1 [A] deposit accumulated largely on the up-stream side.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1084/2 The up-stream end of a canal-lock.

2. Directed, taking place, upstream.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [adjective] > directed up-river

upward1731

upstream1826

up-river1836

1826 J. F. Cooper Last of Mohicans I. iii. 34 They call this up-stream current the tide.

1889 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip 25 209/2 There is an up-stream migration of elvers in the spring.

1894 Field 9 June 832/1 Many experienced anglers do not like an up~stream wind for..dun hatchings.

3. U.S. Difficult, troublesome. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > [adjective]

arvethc885

uneathOE

arvethlichc1000

evilc1175

hardc1175

deara1225

derfa1225

illc1330

wickeda1375

uneasy1398

difficul?a1450

difficile?1473

difficulta1527

unready1535

craggy1582

spiny1604

tough1619

uphill1622

shrewda1626

spinousa1638

scabrous1646

spinose1660

rugged1663

cranka1745

tight1764

thraward1818

nasty1828

upstream1847

awkward1860

pricklyc1862

bristling1871

sticky1871

rocky1873

dodgy1898

challengeful1927

solid1943

ball-busting1944

challenging1975

1847 J. Brown in Boston Public Library Bulletin May (1900) 177 I do not wish any upstream measure taken to supply funds.

4. Relating to the stages in the production of oil and gas before the raw material is ready for refining.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > drilling for oil or gas > [adjective] > stage in production

upstream1965

1965 H. R. Williams & C. J. Meyers Oil & Gas Terms (ed. 2) 429 Gathering activities are..ended when gas reaches a central point... Facilities used before this point of demarcation are upstream facilities.

1981 Times 3 Apr. 17/1 Upstream activities..are overshadowed by the comfortable world supply position while downstream, weak demand is making it more difficult to recoup rising operating costs.

Draft additions 1993

Biology. In the direction opposite to that in which transcription occurs. Opposed to downstream adv. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [adverb] > genetic techniques

transcriptionally1911

upstream1977

1977 D. F. Klessig in Cell 12 9 (heading) Two adenovirus mRNAs have a common 5′ terminal leader sequence encoded at least 10 kb upstream from their main coding regions.

1979 Cell 18 569 The DNA sequence upstream from the cap, the region of the potential promoter site does not..contain a ‘TATAAA’-type homology.

1988 Mouse News Let. Nov. 97 A gene which shows tissue-specific regulation..has some specific sites of methylation correlated with expression more than 12 kb upstream to the first exon.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	upstream
释义	upstreamadv.n.adj. Brit. /ˌʌpˈstriːm/, U.S. /ˌəpˈstrim/ Forms: Also up stream, up-stream. Etymology: up prep.² 2, 6 A. adv. (and n.) 1. a. In a direction contrary to the flow of a stream; higher up or along a stream.Common from c1890. Generally stressed up-ˈstream, except when contrasted with down-stream. In later use also const. of or from (a place). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [adverb] > up-river up847 abovec1330 upstream1681 up-river1848 the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > current > [adverb] > against against, with the stream1555 down, up the stream1560 upstream1681 1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis 1282 To go up stream, adverso flumine navigare. 1839 H. W. Longfellow Hyperion I. i. viii. 91 The rising tide bears against the rushing torrent up stream, and pushes back the hurrying waters. 1850 G. Cupples Green Hand vii. 85/1 The sound of a loud rush of water up-stream broke upon us. 1889 J. K. Jerome Three Men in Boat ix. 142 Three or four miles up stream is a trifle, early in the morning. b. quasi-n. A position or place further up a stream. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [noun] > head or source > place which is upstream upstream1891 1891 Nature 18 June 152/2 From upstream of it are derived three main trunk canals. 1915 I. H. Evans in Man XV. 25 A spot some two miles to the up-stream of the Tamu ground. 2. In the oil and gas industries: at or towards the source of production; spec. at a stage in the process of extraction and production before the raw material is ready to be refined. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > drilling for oil or gas > [adverb] > towards source of production upstream1973 1973 Auckland Star 10 Feb. 18 The most natural way the oil producers can spend their vast wealth..is in developing the industry itself. Huge investment is needed ‘upstream’. 1983 Business Week 21 Feb. 61/1 KPC has not neglected foreign activities upstream. It wants to expand exploration in the U.S. B. adj. (ˈupstream.) 1. Situated farther or higher up a stream. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [adjective] > situated up-river up-river1774 upstream1838 1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 150/1 The up-stream angles of the dam. 1843 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 6 88/1 [A] deposit accumulated largely on the up-stream side. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1084/2 The up-stream end of a canal-lock. 2. Directed, taking place, upstream. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [adjective] > directed up-river upward1731 upstream1826 up-river1836 1826 J. F. Cooper Last of Mohicans I. iii. 34 They call this up-stream current the tide. 1889 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip 25 209/2 There is an up-stream migration of elvers in the spring. 1894 Field 9 June 832/1 Many experienced anglers do not like an up~stream wind for..dun hatchings. 3. U.S. Difficult, troublesome. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > [adjective] arvethc885 uneathOE arvethlichc1000 evilc1175 hardc1175 deara1225 derfa1225 illc1330 wickeda1375 uneasy1398 difficul?a1450 difficile?1473 difficulta1527 unready1535 craggy1582 spiny1604 tough1619 uphill1622 shrewda1626 spinousa1638 scabrous1646 spinose1660 rugged1663 cranka1745 tight1764 thraward1818 nasty1828 upstream1847 awkward1860 pricklyc1862 bristling1871 sticky1871 rocky1873 dodgy1898 challengeful1927 solid1943 ball-busting1944 challenging1975 1847 J. Brown in Boston Public Library Bulletin May (1900) 177 I do not wish any upstream measure taken to supply funds. 4. Relating to the stages in the production of oil and gas before the raw material is ready for refining. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > drilling for oil or gas > [adjective] > stage in production upstream1965 1965 H. R. Williams & C. J. Meyers Oil & Gas Terms (ed. 2) 429 Gathering activities are..ended when gas reaches a central point... Facilities used before this point of demarcation are upstream facilities. 1981 Times 3 Apr. 17/1 Upstream activities..are overshadowed by the comfortable world supply position while downstream, weak demand is making it more difficult to recoup rising operating costs. Draft additions 1993 Biology. In the direction opposite to that in which transcription occurs. Opposed to downstream adv. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [adverb] > genetic techniques transcriptionally1911 upstream1977 1977 D. F. Klessig in Cell 12 9 (heading) Two adenovirus mRNAs have a common 5′ terminal leader sequence encoded at least 10 kb upstream from their main coding regions. 1979 Cell 18 569 The DNA sequence upstream from the cap, the region of the potential promoter site does not..contain a ‘TATAAA’-type homology. 1988 Mouse News Let. Nov. 97 A gene which shows tissue-specific regulation..has some specific sites of methylation correlated with expression more than 12 kb upstream to the first exon. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1926; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adv.n.adj.1681
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