unkindnessn.

Brit.

/(ˌ)ʌnˈkʌɪn(d)nᵻs/, U.S.

/ˌənˈkaɪn(d)nᵻs/

Forms:

α. see un- prefix¹ and kindness n.; also Middle English vndkyndnes, Middle English vnkuyndesse (perhaps transmission error), Middle English vnkynes (perhaps transmission error), 1500s vnkines, 1500s vnkynnes.

β. Middle English nonkendenes.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: unkind adj., -ness suffix.

Etymology: < unkind adj. + -ness suffix, after kindness n. Compare unkindship n. and earlier unkindhead n.In β. forms (compare quot. a1450 at sense 5) with metanalysis of the indefinite article.

†1.

a. Behaviour or character not in accordance with natural feelings or moral standards, esp. in regard to familial relationships; absence of natural or normal affection, loyalty, or respect for other people. Also: an instance of such behaviour. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > evil conduct > [noun]

unkindheadc1325

unkindnessc1390

disnaturalness1430

unnaturalness1534

unnaturality1548

sluttery1648

malversation1752

doggery1844

Schweinerei1896

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harshness > [noun] > treatment embodying

unkindnessc1390

mishandlinga1393

mistreating1453

misusage1555

misuse1591

ill-treatment1667

maltreatment1702

mistreatment1716

society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > [noun] > unnatural conduct

unkindheadc1325

unkindnessc1390

unkinda1393

disnaturalness1430

unnaturalness1534

unnaturality1548

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [noun] > condition of being abnormal or unnatural

unkindnessc1390

unnaturalness?a1425

monstrosity1639

prodigiousness1649

preternaturality1666

preternaturalness1695

abnormity1724

unnaturalism1754

unnaturality1819

non-naturality1827

preternaturalism1834

non-naturalness1878

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. iii. l. 280 Vnkuynde[n]esse [c1400 Trin. Cambr. vnkyndenesse] is Comaundour and kuyndenesse is Banescht.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 5221 (MED) As..thou to love art noght forswore, And hast don non unkindenesse..lef noght that continuance.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13018 Þis herod..vnkendnes kidd ful rjf, He reft his broþer philipp his wijf.

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 5121 Many loue more nete þan [read and] shepe Þan he douþ hys emcrystene..And þys ys a grete vnkyndnes.

c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1354 He cursid his grete vnkyndnes To foreȝit his modir.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. xv. f. viii^v The vnkyndnesse of his .ii. doughters consyderynge their wordes to hym before spoken and sworne.

1570 Homilies (1640) ii. Wilful Rebellion i. 282 So farre doth their unkindnesse, unnaturalnesse, wickednesse..excell anything..that can be expressed.

1635 J. Reynolds Triumphs Gods Revenge (new ed.) iv. xx. 400 Her fathers unkindnesse in answering her Letter with silence.

1664 Duchess of Newcastle CCXI Sociable Lett. cciv. 432 Unnatural Unkindness is many times the Death of Natural Affection.

1742 A. Dutton Let. to all Saints 9 Be guilty of such horrid Unkindness, such unnatural Cruelty, by nourishing any Disaffection against our Brethren.

1786 H. Hunter Sacred Biogr. (ed. 2) II. ix. 194 The partial fondness of a mother, exposed him to the unnatural unkindness and severity of an uncle.

1818 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 8 Apr. An elder brother..who had been disinherited by the unkindness of an unnatural parent.

b. Lack of reverence or love for God or Christ; indifference to or disdain for God or Christianity; faithlessness, impiety; sinfulness. Also: an act of impiety; a sin. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > impiety > [noun]

unbowingnessa1300

impietya1340

undevotionc1340

unpiteousnessa1382

unpiteoustya1382

unpityc1384

unkindnessa1400

undevoutnessc1450

indevotion1526

ungodliness1526

unpiety?1540

godlessness1553

devoutlessness1576

impiousness1599

afgodness1658

indevoutness1842

unblessedness1881

society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > impiety > [noun] > instance of

unkindnessa1400

impiety?1529

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > sin > [noun] > instance of

sinc825

lahterc900

lastOE

debt?c1225

unkindnessa1400

piacle1644

peccancy1648

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 26450 (MED) Bitides in sin he fallus eft..al his god dede formast don He has þam wit þis ded slain..And rises a sin of vnkindnes..þat als greues es Als all his oþer sinnes ware..his lauerd he driues to scorn.

c1450 (c1400) Julian of Norwich Revelations Divine Love: Shorter Version (1978) 61 (MED) Than were it a grete vnkyndenesse of me to blame or wondyr of god for my synnes, syn he blames not me for synne.

?1536 W. Marshall Luther's Images Verye Chrysten Bysshop sig. q.ii. This mater, in whiche no man may kepe silence without abhomynable great synne, and without open and euydent unkyndnes & blasphemye agaynst god.

1625 D. Lindsay Godly Mans Iourney to Heauen ii. 225 But, alas, o my soule, I cannot find the vnkind Iewes, beside Isaiah, sighing for their vnkindnesse, and lamenting that they had so grossely abused a gratious louing father.

1702 T. Morer Short Acct. Scotl. 137 Whereas you offend God so grievously in refusing this Holy Banquet, I admonish, exhort and beseech you, that unto this unkindness, you will not add any more.

1831 Christian Index 19 Nov. 327/2 Should the past reproach us with the neglect of religion, with ingratitude to God, with unkindness to Christ,..we may have reason to fear that the future will have no reason to treat us with greater indulgence.

c. Unnatural character or quality; wretchedness; immorality. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > tribulation, trouble, or affliction > state of misery

wretchhead1154

uselldomc1175

wretchdom?c1225

yomernessc1250

wan-siðc1275

werea1300

wretchedheada1300

cursedness1303

wrechea1325

wretchnessa1330

wretchednessa1340

caitifty1340

miseryc1375

caitifhedea1400

languora1400

caitifnessc1400

deploration1490

caitifdoma1500

pitya1500

unkindness1502

woefulnessa1513

miserability1559

villainya1571

ungraciousness1578

miserableness1613

deplorableness1649

misère1791

dismals1829

unblessedness1836

1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. vii. sig. giij^v By this artycle we sholde knowe the mysery & ryght grete vnkyndnes of humayne condycyon.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxxiiii. f. lxi Whan the Embassade..had shewyd y^e vnkyndnesse of this warre with the Ieopardyes that myght ensue of y^e same.

†2.

a. Ingratitude; (also) an instance of this; a display of ingratitude. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > gratitude > ingratitude > [noun]

ingratitude1340

unkindnessa1393

slowfulness1484

unthankfulnessc1500

ingratuity1528

ungratitude1548

ingratefulness1570

thanklessness1583

ungratefulnessa1586

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 2098 Hou scholde I thanne me beyelpe Fro this dai forth of thi largesse Whan such a gret unkindenesse Is founde in such a lord as thou?

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 5587 Agayne þam sal Crist allege sone..And reherce his benefices..To reprove þam of þair unkyndenes.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. ccclxii/2 We receyue dayly many bienfaites of this Cyte, and it sholde be a grete vnkyndenes to vs, yf we socoured it not in this grete nede.

a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 113 Saynt Barnard yn Cristys person makyth gret waymentacyon for þe vnkyndnesse þat he sethe yn men.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. xiii. sig. Vvii^v The most damnable vice..is ingratitude, commenly called vnkyndnesse.

1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. xii. 189 After that God had thus set forth his great goodnesse towardes them, hee chargeth them with their great vnkindenesse towards him.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear ix. 16 I taske not you you elements with vnkindnes, I neuer gaue you kingdome, cald you children.

a1712 T. Halyburton Abstr. Life & Death (1739) ii. ii. 36 This Sense of my Unkindness, when kept within, covered me with Blushes.

b. Lack of generosity; meanness, uncharitableness. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [noun]

littlenessa1400

unkindnessc1400

uncharitableness1544

uncharity1548

incharity1586

poorness1625

strait-heartedness1646

meanness1660

incharitableness1679

ungenerosity1757

ungenerousness1757

smallness1813

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xvii. l. 263 Diues deyed dampned for his vnkyndenesse Of his mete & his moneye to men that it neded.

?1471 W. Worcester in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 355 I put neuyr my maister Fastolf lyfelode yn trouble, for alle the vnkyndnesse and covetise that was shewed me.

1601 E. Hutchins Sampsons Iawbone against Spiritual Philistine 108 Soften the hard hearts of the rich... Forgiue them their vnkindnesse to vs their poore brethren.

1615 A. Nixon Scourge Corrupt. 22 The vncles vnkindnesse cost the poore yong man his life.

a. Lack of kindness; unkind nature or disposition; unfriendly, inconsiderate, or hurtful behaviour or treatment.Now the usual sense.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > [noun]

unkindshipa1393

unkindnessa1400

unmeeknessa1425

unmildnessc1460

ungentleness1548

tender mercies1611

untendernessa1658

imbenignity1675

unbenevolence1720

a1400 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 251 (MED) Hardnesse and bakbiting wiþ scornes out bersten, Bote almus dede and trouþe wiþ semli plei þei resten; vnkundenesse, vnkunninge, vnclannesse, beon arerd.

a1450 (c1375) G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite (Tanner 346) (1878) l. 292 My selfe I morder with my pryue thoghte For sorou and routh of youre vnkyndenes.

1493 Chastysing Goddes Chyldern (de Worde) iv. sig. Aiv^v/2 Trouth fynde they nowhere, but wronges, detraccyons, & vnkyndenes.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Macc. xiv. 30 When Machabeus sawe that Nicanor beganne to be churlish vnto him..he perceaued that soch vnkyndnes came not of good.

1594 R. Wilson Coblers Prophesie sig. E1 Know you not, vnkindnes kills a woman?

1621 J. Taylor Unnaturall Father in Wks. (1630) 136/2 Ruing his vnkindnesse to his Wife.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. vi. 27 Some Weep for the losse of Friends; Others for their unkindnesse.

1747 T. Gray Ode Eton Coll. 7 The Stings of Falshood Those shall try, And hard Unkindness' alter'd Eye.

1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 627 Attachment..proof alike Against unkindness, absence, and neglect.

1830 I. J. Towers Wanderings Tom Starboard 17 My unkindness to him, and my distress at hearing him bark, made the tears trickle down my face.

1882 ‘Ouida’ In Maremma I. 69 Joconda feared no scorn and unkindness on the score of her birth.

1920 A. Christie Mysterious Affair at Styles x. 218 Cynthia will run no risk of encountering any unkindness from me.

1976 A. Haley Roots (1977) xxi. 81 Kunta finally decided to overlook his mates' unkindness and try to patch things up.

2006 Proc. Aristotelian Soc. 106 90 If they tried to call me to account for my unkindness towards my aunt, I could properly reply that it was none of their business.

b. An instance of unkind behaviour; an unfriendly, inconsiderate, or hurtful act or remark.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > ill-will > action > [noun]

unkindnessa1450

disfavour1556

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > [noun] > instance of

unkindnessa1450

disfavour1556

imbonity1624

a1450 (a1401) Chastising of God's Children (Bodl.) (1957) 110 (MED) Þei þat diden hem chier bifore hauen hem now in scorn; truþe fynde þei nowher noon, but wronges, detraccions, and vnkyndenesses.

1505 F. Marsin et al. Rep. Ferdinand of Arragon in J. Gairdner Historia Regis Henrici Septimi (1858) 266 The whiche the kynge..takithe for agrete on kyndnes.

a1555 J. Bradford in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1583) II. 1661 All those vnkyndnesses, rudenes, &c. whereof you accuse your selfe.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) i. ii. 126 Why then we kill all our Women. We see how mortall an vnkindnesse is to them.

1660 Exact Accompt Trial Regicides 133 I hope he will think it no unkindnesse in me.

a1714 M. Henry Wks. (1835) II. 139 Their unkindnesses and disrespects to himself.

1756 G. D. Hist. Lavinia Rawlins I. 32 Your unjust Censures operate with more Severity upon my Mind, than all the Unkindnesses of Mr. Robinson.

1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion vi. 285 Her uncharitable acts, I trust, And harsh unkindnesses, are all forgiven.

1860 E. Eden Semi-attached Couple xiii A series of small unkindnesses is very offensive indeed.

1910 R. Sabatini Mistress Wilding xvii. 228 It were an unkindness not to do his will.

1957 D. Pike Paradise of Dissent vi. 139 Another unkindness came from a member of an Independent congregation.

2016 Washington Post (Nexis) 28 Nov. c1 He wanted public humiliation, revenge for every slight, every unkindness real or perceived.

4. Unkindly feeling; ill will, enmity, hostility. Now somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [noun]

unthankc893

witherwardnessc897

witherOE

wrakea1023

ungrithlOE

feythhed1297

grill13..

ill1303

unfriendshipa1340

enmity?a1400

feuda1400

despitec1400

unkindnessc1400

ingratitude1477

barrace1488

disfriendship1493

hostility1531

dislovea1533

adversation1543

diskindness1596

disaffection1599

ill blood1624

disaffectedness1625

inimicalness1651

unfriendlinessa1684

animus1795

inimicality1797

virus1866

negativism1977

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > spite, malice > [noun]

ondeeOE

evestOE

teenOE

hatingOE

envyc1300

eftc1325

maugrec1330

spitec1330

malicea1382

despitec1400

unkindnessc1400

malignec1475

wrokea1500

doggedness1530

despitefulness1535

cankeredness1538

venomy1548

livor1589

doggishness1622

viperousness1651

acid1768

Schadenfreude1895

bitchery1936

c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 220 In þat bataile was þe fader aȝeins þe sone, and þe vncle aȝeins his nevew, for so miche vnkyndenesse was neuer seyne bifore in Engeland amonges folc of on nacioun.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 393 There befelle a jolesy and an unkyndenesse betwyxte kyng Marke and sir Trystrames, for they loved bothe one lady.

c1525 ( in N. J. Byrne Great Parchm. Bk. Waterford (2007) 84 The tyme of thar unkyndnesse other warre with the citie.

1562 in F. J. Furnivall Child-marriages, Divorces, & Ratifications Diocese Chester (1897) 203 By which did growe an vnkindnes betwene them.

1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Oh read ouer D. Iohn Bridges: Epist. 42 Because the gamesters..wan all his monie at trey trip [he] tooke such vnkindenes at the alehouse that [etc.].

1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iii. 52 This bred some vnkindnesse betweene our two Captaines.

1692 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 98 <Unkindnesse> betweene the Q: & her sister.

1767 G. Lyttelton Hist. Henry II I. 336 Some unkindness had arisen between him and the queen.

1825 W. Scott Betrothed ii, in Tales Crusaders II. 47 He died when we were in unkindness with each other.

1886 N.Y. Times 6 Aug. 3/2 There did not appear to be any feeling of unkindness among the parties.

1911 Jrnl. House of Representatives Illinois 2 Feb. 254 We..report our conclusions perhaps critically, but it no spirit of condemnation or unkindness.

2005 G. W. Bernard King's Reformation vi. 563 Charles was seeking to sow seeds of unkindness between these two.

5. A flock (of ravens).One of many alleged group names found in late Middle English glossarial sources. Apparently revived in the 20th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [noun] > genus Corvus > corvus corax (raven) > flock of

unkindness1448

1448 in J. Hodgkin Proper Terms (1909) 57 (MED) A vnkyndenys off Rawynnys.

a1450 Terms Assoc. in PMLA (1936) 51 603 (MED) A nonkendenes of rauons.

1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. fvi An vnkyndenes of Rauenes.

1934 Times of India 15 May 8/7 Here are some other herd names that have fallen into disuse:—a lepe of leopards,..an unkindness of ravens.

1986 Bird Watching May 14/4 The collective name for ravens is an ‘unkindness’. This name has been given to them because of their supposed neglect of their young.

2016 P. Geye Wintering 178 No sooner did he imagine the screaming of the ravens than he heard exactly this—eight or ten or twenty, a whole unkindness, coming over the trees.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	unkindness
释义	unkindnessn. Brit. /(ˌ)ʌnˈkʌɪn(d)nᵻs/, U.S. /ˌənˈkaɪn(d)nᵻs/ Forms: α. see un- prefix¹ and kindness n.; also Middle English vndkyndnes, Middle English vnkuyndesse (perhaps transmission error), Middle English vnkynes (perhaps transmission error), 1500s vnkines, 1500s vnkynnes. β. Middle English nonkendenes. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: unkind adj., -ness suffix. Etymology: < unkind adj. + -ness suffix, after kindness n. Compare unkindship n. and earlier unkindhead n.In β. forms (compare quot. a1450 at sense 5) with metanalysis of the indefinite article. †1. a. Behaviour or character not in accordance with natural feelings or moral standards, esp. in regard to familial relationships; absence of natural or normal affection, loyalty, or respect for other people. Also: an instance of such behaviour. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > evil conduct > [noun] unkindheadc1325 unkindnessc1390 disnaturalness1430 unnaturalness1534 unnaturality1548 sluttery1648 malversation1752 doggery1844 Schweinerei1896 the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harshness > [noun] > treatment embodying unkindnessc1390 mishandlinga1393 mistreating1453 misusage1555 misuse1591 ill-treatment1667 maltreatment1702 mistreatment1716 society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > [noun] > unnatural conduct unkindheadc1325 unkindnessc1390 unkinda1393 disnaturalness1430 unnaturalness1534 unnaturality1548 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > irregularity > unconformity > abnormality > [noun] > condition of being abnormal or unnatural unkindnessc1390 unnaturalness?a1425 monstrosity1639 prodigiousness1649 preternaturality1666 preternaturalness1695 abnormity1724 unnaturalism1754 unnaturality1819 non-naturality1827 preternaturalism1834 non-naturalness1878 c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. iii. l. 280 Vnkuynde[n]esse [c1400 Trin. Cambr. vnkyndenesse] is Comaundour and kuyndenesse is Banescht. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 5221 (MED) As..thou to love art noght forswore, And hast don non unkindenesse..lef noght that continuance. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13018 Þis herod..vnkendnes kidd ful rjf, He reft his broþer philipp his wijf. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 5121 Many loue more nete þan [read and] shepe Þan he douþ hys emcrystene..And þys ys a grete vnkyndnes. c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn l. 1354 He cursid his grete vnkyndnes To foreȝit his modir. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. xv. f. viii^v The vnkyndnesse of his .ii. doughters consyderynge their wordes to hym before spoken and sworne. 1570 Homilies (1640) ii. Wilful Rebellion i. 282 So farre doth their unkindnesse, unnaturalnesse, wickednesse..excell anything..that can be expressed. 1635 J. Reynolds Triumphs Gods Revenge (new ed.) iv. xx. 400 Her fathers unkindnesse in answering her Letter with silence. 1664 Duchess of Newcastle CCXI Sociable Lett. cciv. 432 Unnatural Unkindness is many times the Death of Natural Affection. 1742 A. Dutton Let. to all Saints 9 Be guilty of such horrid Unkindness, such unnatural Cruelty, by nourishing any Disaffection against our Brethren. 1786 H. Hunter Sacred Biogr. (ed. 2) II. ix. 194 The partial fondness of a mother, exposed him to the unnatural unkindness and severity of an uncle. 1818 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 8 Apr. An elder brother..who had been disinherited by the unkindness of an unnatural parent. b. Lack of reverence or love for God or Christ; indifference to or disdain for God or Christianity; faithlessness, impiety; sinfulness. Also: an act of impiety; a sin. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > impiety > [noun] unbowingnessa1300 impietya1340 undevotionc1340 unpiteousnessa1382 unpiteoustya1382 unpityc1384 unkindnessa1400 undevoutnessc1450 indevotion1526 ungodliness1526 unpiety?1540 godlessness1553 devoutlessness1576 impiousness1599 afgodness1658 indevoutness1842 unblessedness1881 society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > impiety > [noun] > instance of unkindnessa1400 impiety?1529 society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > sin > [noun] > instance of sinc825 lahterc900 lastOE debt?c1225 unkindnessa1400 piacle1644 peccancy1648 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 26450 (MED) Bitides in sin he fallus eft..al his god dede formast don He has þam wit þis ded slain..And rises a sin of vnkindnes..þat als greues es Als all his oþer sinnes ware..his lauerd he driues to scorn. c1450 (c1400) Julian of Norwich Revelations Divine Love: Shorter Version (1978) 61 (MED) Than were it a grete vnkyndenesse of me to blame or wondyr of god for my synnes, syn he blames not me for synne. ?1536 W. Marshall Luther's Images Verye Chrysten Bysshop sig. q.ii. This mater, in whiche no man may kepe silence without abhomynable great synne, and without open and euydent unkyndnes & blasphemye agaynst god. 1625 D. Lindsay Godly Mans Iourney to Heauen ii. 225 But, alas, o my soule, I cannot find the vnkind Iewes, beside Isaiah, sighing for their vnkindnesse, and lamenting that they had so grossely abused a gratious louing father. 1702 T. Morer Short Acct. Scotl. 137 Whereas you offend God so grievously in refusing this Holy Banquet, I admonish, exhort and beseech you, that unto this unkindness, you will not add any more. 1831 Christian Index 19 Nov. 327/2 Should the past reproach us with the neglect of religion, with ingratitude to God, with unkindness to Christ,..we may have reason to fear that the future will have no reason to treat us with greater indulgence. c. Unnatural character or quality; wretchedness; immorality. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > tribulation, trouble, or affliction > state of misery wretchhead1154 uselldomc1175 wretchdom?c1225 yomernessc1250 wan-siðc1275 werea1300 wretchedheada1300 cursedness1303 wrechea1325 wretchnessa1330 wretchednessa1340 caitifty1340 miseryc1375 caitifhedea1400 languora1400 caitifnessc1400 deploration1490 caitifdoma1500 pitya1500 unkindness1502 woefulnessa1513 miserability1559 villainya1571 ungraciousness1578 miserableness1613 deplorableness1649 misère1791 dismals1829 unblessedness1836 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. vii. sig. giij^v By this artycle we sholde knowe the mysery & ryght grete vnkyndnes of humayne condycyon. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxxiiii. f. lxi Whan the Embassade..had shewyd y^e vnkyndnesse of this warre with the Ieopardyes that myght ensue of y^e same. †2. a. Ingratitude; (also) an instance of this; a display of ingratitude. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > gratitude > ingratitude > [noun] ingratitude1340 unkindnessa1393 slowfulness1484 unthankfulnessc1500 ingratuity1528 ungratitude1548 ingratefulness1570 thanklessness1583 ungratefulnessa1586 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 2098 Hou scholde I thanne me beyelpe Fro this dai forth of thi largesse Whan such a gret unkindenesse Is founde in such a lord as thou? a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 5587 Agayne þam sal Crist allege sone..And reherce his benefices..To reprove þam of þair unkyndenes. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. ccclxii/2 We receyue dayly many bienfaites of this Cyte, and it sholde be a grete vnkyndenes to vs, yf we socoured it not in this grete nede. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 113 Saynt Barnard yn Cristys person makyth gret waymentacyon for þe vnkyndnesse þat he sethe yn men. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. xiii. sig. Vvii^v The most damnable vice..is ingratitude, commenly called vnkyndnesse. 1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. xii. 189 After that God had thus set forth his great goodnesse towardes them, hee chargeth them with their great vnkindenesse towards him. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear ix. 16 I taske not you you elements with vnkindnes, I neuer gaue you kingdome, cald you children. View more context for this quotation a1712 T. Halyburton Abstr. Life & Death (1739) ii. ii. 36 This Sense of my Unkindness, when kept within, covered me with Blushes. b. Lack of generosity; meanness, uncharitableness. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > evil nature or character > lack of magnanimity or noble-mindedness > [noun] littlenessa1400 unkindnessc1400 uncharitableness1544 uncharity1548 incharity1586 poorness1625 strait-heartedness1646 meanness1660 incharitableness1679 ungenerosity1757 ungenerousness1757 smallness1813 c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xvii. l. 263 Diues deyed dampned for his vnkyndenesse Of his mete & his moneye to men that it neded. ?1471 W. Worcester in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 355 I put neuyr my maister Fastolf lyfelode yn trouble, for alle the vnkyndnesse and covetise that was shewed me. 1601 E. Hutchins Sampsons Iawbone against Spiritual Philistine 108 Soften the hard hearts of the rich... Forgiue them their vnkindnesse to vs their poore brethren. 1615 A. Nixon Scourge Corrupt. 22 The vncles vnkindnesse cost the poore yong man his life. 3. a. Lack of kindness; unkind nature or disposition; unfriendly, inconsiderate, or hurtful behaviour or treatment.Now the usual sense. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > [noun] unkindshipa1393 unkindnessa1400 unmeeknessa1425 unmildnessc1460 ungentleness1548 tender mercies1611 untendernessa1658 imbenignity1675 unbenevolence1720 a1400 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 251 (MED) Hardnesse and bakbiting wiþ scornes out bersten, Bote almus dede and trouþe wiþ semli plei þei resten; vnkundenesse, vnkunninge, vnclannesse, beon arerd. a1450 (c1375) G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite (Tanner 346) (1878) l. 292 My selfe I morder with my pryue thoghte For sorou and routh of youre vnkyndenes. 1493 Chastysing Goddes Chyldern (de Worde) iv. sig. Aiv^v/2 Trouth fynde they nowhere, but wronges, detraccyons, & vnkyndenes. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Macc. xiv. 30 When Machabeus sawe that Nicanor beganne to be churlish vnto him..he perceaued that soch vnkyndnes came not of good. 1594 R. Wilson Coblers Prophesie sig. E1 Know you not, vnkindnes kills a woman? 1621 J. Taylor Unnaturall Father in Wks. (1630) 136/2 Ruing his vnkindnesse to his Wife. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan i. vi. 27 Some Weep for the losse of Friends; Others for their unkindnesse. 1747 T. Gray Ode Eton Coll. 7 The Stings of Falshood Those shall try, And hard Unkindness' alter'd Eye. 1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 627 Attachment..proof alike Against unkindness, absence, and neglect. 1830 I. J. Towers Wanderings Tom Starboard 17 My unkindness to him, and my distress at hearing him bark, made the tears trickle down my face. 1882 ‘Ouida’ In Maremma I. 69 Joconda feared no scorn and unkindness on the score of her birth. 1920 A. Christie Mysterious Affair at Styles x. 218 Cynthia will run no risk of encountering any unkindness from me. 1976 A. Haley Roots (1977) xxi. 81 Kunta finally decided to overlook his mates' unkindness and try to patch things up. 2006 Proc. Aristotelian Soc. 106 90 If they tried to call me to account for my unkindness towards my aunt, I could properly reply that it was none of their business. b. An instance of unkind behaviour; an unfriendly, inconsiderate, or hurtful act or remark. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > ill-will > action > [noun] unkindnessa1450 disfavour1556 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > [noun] > instance of unkindnessa1450 disfavour1556 imbonity1624 a1450 (a1401) Chastising of God's Children (Bodl.) (1957) 110 (MED) Þei þat diden hem chier bifore hauen hem now in scorn; truþe fynde þei nowher noon, but wronges, detraccions, and vnkyndenesses. 1505 F. Marsin et al. Rep. Ferdinand of Arragon in J. Gairdner Historia Regis Henrici Septimi (1858) 266 The whiche the kynge..takithe for agrete on kyndnes. a1555 J. Bradford in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1583) II. 1661 All those vnkyndnesses, rudenes, &c. whereof you accuse your selfe. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) i. ii. 126 Why then we kill all our Women. We see how mortall an vnkindnesse is to them. View more context for this quotation 1660 Exact Accompt Trial Regicides 133 I hope he will think it no unkindnesse in me. a1714 M. Henry Wks. (1835) II. 139 Their unkindnesses and disrespects to himself. 1756 G. D. Hist. Lavinia Rawlins I. 32 Your unjust Censures operate with more Severity upon my Mind, than all the Unkindnesses of Mr. Robinson. 1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion vi. 285 Her uncharitable acts, I trust, And harsh unkindnesses, are all forgiven. View more context for this quotation 1860 E. Eden Semi-attached Couple xiii A series of small unkindnesses is very offensive indeed. 1910 R. Sabatini Mistress Wilding xvii. 228 It were an unkindness not to do his will. 1957 D. Pike Paradise of Dissent vi. 139 Another unkindness came from a member of an Independent congregation. 2016 Washington Post (Nexis) 28 Nov. c1 He wanted public humiliation, revenge for every slight, every unkindness real or perceived. 4. Unkindly feeling; ill will, enmity, hostility. Now somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > hostility > [noun] unthankc893 witherwardnessc897 witherOE wrakea1023 ungrithlOE feythhed1297 grill13.. ill1303 unfriendshipa1340 enmity?a1400 feuda1400 despitec1400 unkindnessc1400 ingratitude1477 barrace1488 disfriendship1493 hostility1531 dislovea1533 adversation1543 diskindness1596 disaffection1599 ill blood1624 disaffectedness1625 inimicalness1651 unfriendlinessa1684 animus1795 inimicality1797 virus1866 negativism1977 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > spite, malice > [noun] ondeeOE evestOE teenOE hatingOE envyc1300 eftc1325 maugrec1330 spitec1330 malicea1382 despitec1400 unkindnessc1400 malignec1475 wrokea1500 doggedness1530 despitefulness1535 cankeredness1538 venomy1548 livor1589 doggishness1622 viperousness1651 acid1768 Schadenfreude1895 bitchery1936 c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 220 In þat bataile was þe fader aȝeins þe sone, and þe vncle aȝeins his nevew, for so miche vnkyndenesse was neuer seyne bifore in Engeland amonges folc of on nacioun. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 393 There befelle a jolesy and an unkyndenesse betwyxte kyng Marke and sir Trystrames, for they loved bothe one lady. c1525 ( in N. J. Byrne Great Parchm. Bk. Waterford (2007) 84 The tyme of thar unkyndnesse other warre with the citie. 1562 in F. J. Furnivall Child-marriages, Divorces, & Ratifications Diocese Chester (1897) 203 By which did growe an vnkindnes betwene them. 1588 ‘M. Marprelate’ Oh read ouer D. Iohn Bridges: Epist. 42 Because the gamesters..wan all his monie at trey trip [he] tooke such vnkindenes at the alehouse that [etc.]. 1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iii. 52 This bred some vnkindnesse betweene our two Captaines. 1692 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 98 <Unkindnesse> betweene the Q: & her sister. 1767 G. Lyttelton Hist. Henry II I. 336 Some unkindness had arisen between him and the queen. 1825 W. Scott Betrothed ii, in Tales Crusaders II. 47 He died when we were in unkindness with each other. 1886 N.Y. Times 6 Aug. 3/2 There did not appear to be any feeling of unkindness among the parties. 1911 Jrnl. House of Representatives Illinois 2 Feb. 254 We..report our conclusions perhaps critically, but it no spirit of condemnation or unkindness. 2005 G. W. Bernard King's Reformation vi. 563 Charles was seeking to sow seeds of unkindness between these two. 5. A flock (of ravens).One of many alleged group names found in late Middle English glossarial sources. Apparently revived in the 20th cent. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [noun] > genus Corvus > corvus corax (raven) > flock of unkindness1448 1448 in J. Hodgkin Proper Terms (1909) 57 (MED) A vnkyndenys off Rawynnys. a1450 Terms Assoc. in PMLA (1936) 51 603 (MED) A nonkendenes of rauons. 1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. fvi An vnkyndenes of Rauenes. 1934 Times of India 15 May 8/7 Here are some other herd names that have fallen into disuse:—a lepe of leopards,..an unkindness of ravens. 1986 Bird Watching May 14/4 The collective name for ravens is an ‘unkindness’. This name has been given to them because of their supposed neglect of their young. 2016 P. Geye Wintering 178 No sooner did he imagine the screaming of the ravens than he heard exactly this—eight or ten or twenty, a whole unkindness, coming over the trees. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1390
随便看	be shet of be ship-mates with be shipmates with be shitting it be shook on be shooting blanks be shorn be shorn a monk be shorn in be shorn of its beams be shorn of one's strength , of one's authority, privileges be shorn of one's strength ? in allusion to the story of samson, of one's authority, privileges be short be shorter by a head be shot be shot between wind and water be shot by the board be shot on the post be shot out be sick of that record be sinking be skewed be skin and bone be skin and bones be slain in the spirit