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单词 bulk
释义

bulkn.1

Brit. /bʌlk/, U.S. /bəlk/
Forms: Middle English bolk(e, Middle English–1600s bulke, 1500s bulcke, boulke, bowlke, (Middle English–1500s, 1800s Scottish bowk, see bouk n.), 1600s bulck, ( boak), 1500s– bulk.
Etymology: Of complicated etymology. The coincidence in meaning with Old Norse *bulki , Icelandic búlki ‘heap, cargo of a ship’ (Vigfusson), Danish bulk lump, clod (compare modern Icelandic búlka-st to be bulky), suggests that the word, though not recorded before 15th cent., may (in the senses ‘heap’, ‘cargo’) be of Scandinavian origin. Within a few years of its first appearance, bulk occurs in the senses ‘belly, trunk of the body’, due apparently to confusion with bouk n., which word it has entirely superseded in literary English. (Compare however, the Flemish bulck ‘thorax’ in Kilian.) The sense of ‘size’ (branch III) seems to have been evolved chiefly from the notion of ‘body’, though it may be partly due to that of ‘heap’ or ‘cargo’. The form boak, used by N. Fairfax 1674 indiscriminately with bulk in the sense of ‘magnitude’, is apparently < Middle English bolk.
I. Heap, cargo.
1.
a. A heap; spec. the pile in which fish are laid for salting; a pile of tobacco made up to undergo sweating. U.S.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > mass formed by collection of particles > an accumulation > heap or pile
heapc725
cockeOE
hill1297
tassc1330
glub1382
mow?1424
bulkc1440
pile1440
pie1526
bing1528
borwen1570
ruck1601
rick1608
wreck1612
congest1625
castle1636
coacervation1650
congestion1664
cop1666
cumble1694
bin1695
toss1695
thurrock1708
rucklea1725
burrow1784
mound1788
wad1805
stook1865
boorach1868
barrow1869
sorites1871
tump1892
fid1926
clamp-
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 43 Bolke, or hepe, cumulus.
1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 33 Pilchards are first salted and piled vp..vntil the superfluous moysture of the bloud and salt be soked from them: which accomplished, they rip the bulk, and saue the residue of the salt.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 133 All the Gold they found..should be put together in Bulk every Night.
1784 J. F. D. Smyth Tour U.S.A. II. 135 When the tobacco house is quite full,..all that is within the house is..carefully placed in bulks, or regular rows one upon another.
1850 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1849: Agric. 322 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (31st Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 20, Pt. 2) VI Two rows or bundles are put in a bulk.
1863 8th Ann. Rep. Maine Board Agric. ii. 163 Let the tobacco..be..laid straight in a bulk or pile.
1902 U.S. Dept. Agric. Farmers' Bull. No. 60. 14 Before the sweat is completed the bulk is pulled down and built up eight or ten times.
attributive.1693 in Cal. Virginia State Papers (1875) I. 48 An answer to a former message of yours relating to the Act of Ports & Bulke Tobacco.
b. The cargo of a ship; a cargo as a whole; the whole lot (of a commodity). Phrase, to break bulk (see break v. Phrases 1).
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > transportation by water > [noun] > cargo > as a whole or total
bulk1575
society > trade and finance > merchandise > [noun] > load or lot of specific size or abundance
ladec897
cheapc1384
shock1582
commodity1592
allotment1703
piece1774
break1864
lot1872
bulka1888
chance lot1888
trucklot1943
1575 in Hist. Glasgow (1881) 117 Breking bowk [of a cargo].
1626 Sir R. Boyle in Lismore Papers (1886) II. 190 To keep them from breaking Bulck, and from selling their goods at an vndervallue.
1776 T. Paine Common Sense iv. 68 The premiums to be in proportion to the loss of bulk to the merchants.
1884 Harper's Mag. June 51/2 Until this is done the bulk of his cargo can not be broken.
a1888 Mod. The bulk is not equal to sample.
c. in bulk (of fish, etc.): lying loose in heaps, without package; (gen.) in large quantities. to load (a ship) in bulk: to put the cargo in loose, when it consists of wheat, salt, or the like. to sell in bulk: to sell the cargo as it is in the hold; to sell in large quantities.
ΘΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > sell [verb (intransitive)] > sell in specific manner
retail?1523
to sell in bulk1678
wholesale1871
best-sell1937
overstock1945
switch-sell1965
rack-job1967
cold-call1972
cross-sell1972
society > trade and finance > merchandise > [adjective] > merchandise packaging > without packaging
unbarrelled1482
in bulk1678
unpackaged1910
unwrapped1921
unbundled1973
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > in/into one place, company, or mass [phrase] > lying loose in heaps
in bulk1678
society > travel > travel by water > transportation by water > transport by water [verb (transitive)] > load or unload cargo > load a ship or a cargo > load cargo loose
in bulk1769
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > a great quantity, amount, or degree [phrase] > in large quantities
by (also at, in) wholesale1417
in great1447
by greatc1475
by the whole1592
by the yard1845
in block1870
in bulk1908
like peas1959
1678 in Rec. Court of New Castle on Delaware (1904) 253 Tobacco which was struck & Lay in bulke.
1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. xviii. 306 There was an old office erected in the city of London, for searching and viewing all the goods which were sold in bulk.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Laden in bulk The state of being freighted with a cargo which is neither in casks..or cases, but lies loose in the hold.
1848 C. A. Johns Week at Lizard 53 This process is continued until the pile is several feet high..The fish are now said to be ‘in bulk’.
1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. xxiv. 619 Wine..sold either in bulk or by retail.
1908 Mod. Business II. ii. 165/1 It is possible for traders to effect a considerable saving by buying in bulk.
1928 Sunday Express 19 Aug. 1/4 In Manchester many agents cut out the coupons for their customers and sell the couponless copies in bulk to waste-paper merchants.
II. Senses belonging to bouk n.
†2.
a. = bouk n. 1, 2 The belly; also the trunk, the body generally. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > [noun]
lichamc888
bodyeOE
earthOE
lichOE
bone houseOE
dustc1000
fleshOE
utter mana1050
bonesOE
bodiȝlichc1175
bouka1225
bellyc1275
slimec1315
corpsec1325
vesselc1360
tabernaclec1374
carrion1377
corsec1386
personc1390
claya1400
carcass1406
lump of claya1425
sensuality?a1425
corpusc1440
God's imagea1450
bulka1475
natural body1526
outward man1526
quarrons1567
blood bulk1570
skinfula1592
flesh-rind1593
clod1595
anatomy1597
veil1598
microcosm1601
machine1604
outwall1608
lay part1609
machina1612
cabinet1614
automaton1644
case1655
mud wall1662
structure1671
soul case1683
incarnation1745
personality1748
personage1785
man1830
embodiment1850
flesh-stuff1855
corporeity1865
chassis1930
soma1958
a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 145 Þen ley bulke, chyne, & sides, to-gedire.
1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 89 The boulke, called in latyn thorax, whiche conteyneth the brest, the sides, the stomake, and entrayles.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Piiiv/2 Ye Bulke, thorax.
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxxvii. 215 They kill and smoother them, or breake their bulckes with the force.
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. D4 His hand..May feele her heart..Beating her bulke . View more context for this quotation
1632 T. Heywood Iron Age ii. iii. i, in Wks. (1874) III. 392 My sword through Priams bulke shall flie.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 119 His bulk too weighty for his Thighs is grown. View more context for this quotation
1717 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad III. xi. 458 His Arm and Knee his sinking Bulk sustain.
†b. A dead body, carcass. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > dead body > [noun]
lichc893
dust?a1000
holdc1000
bonesOE
stiff onea1200
bodyc1225
carrion?c1225
licham?c1225
worms' food or ware?c1225
corsec1250
ashc1275
corpsec1315
carcass1340
murraina1382
relicsa1398
ghostc1400
wormes warec1400
corpusc1440
scadc1440
reliefc1449
martc1480
cadaverc1500
mortc1500
tramort?a1513
hearse1530
bulk1575
offal1581
trunk1594
cadaverie1600
relicts1607
remains1610
mummya1616
relic1636
cold meat1788
mortality1827
death bone1834
deader1853
stiff1859
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxii. 175 Lette the Huntesman take out of his wallet..small morsels, and put them into the bulke of the Hare.
1612 T. Heywood Apol. for Actors (1841) 20 See a Hector..trampling upon the bulkes of Kinges.
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. cxli. 336 Christ shall..mow down His enemies & lay bulks..on the green.
c. With some notion of 4: A body of great proportions, a huge frame (chiefly with adjective implying large size); also figurative.
ΘΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > largeness > [noun] > largeness of volume or bulkiness > that which is
bulk1587
1587 R. Greene Morando ii. sig. H Trees, Whose stately bulkes doth fame th' Arabian groues.
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iv. v. 128 Though the great bulke Achilles be thy guard. View more context for this quotation
a1641 T. Heywood Captives (1953) ii. ii. 44 That grand Master off mechall lusts. that bulke off brothelree.
1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xvii. 837 Behind, the Bulk of Ajax stands, And breaks the Torrent of the rushing Bands.
1821 P. B. Shelley Adonais ii. 7 He had adorned and hid the coming bulk of death.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxviii. 96 Dark bulks that tumble half alive. View more context for this quotation
†3. transferred.
a. The hull or hold of a ship; cf. German bauch.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun]
bulka1450
bodyc1550
hull?a1560
hulk1632
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxviii. l. 189 Thanne to þe bowk of þe schipe gan he gon.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Vaisseau d'un navire, the bulke, bellie, or bodie of a ship.
1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 191 The rest of the bulk of their Vessels..was cover'd with Hides.
1678 London Gaz. No. 1269/3 Her Bulke is still kept entire.
b. = bouk n. 2b; ? the main body or nave of a church; cf. body n. 6b (Possibly the sense may be ‘crypt’, cf. Italian buca, Tommaseo's Dict.).
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > nave > [noun]
bodyc1390
boukc1420
middle pace1499
bulk1518
holy place1526
ship1613
bodystead1623
cella1652
nave1673
cella1676
nef1687
auditorium1728
1518 Will of John Selwode (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/19) f. 62 Bowlke of the same churche.
c. The part of a vehicle fitted to receive the load; cf. body n. 6a, buck n.5 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > body or bodywork > rear part > rear part arranged to carry luggage
bulk1546
boot1781
well1783
car boot1908
rumble1908
car trunk1912
trunk1931
dicky1965
1546 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) II. App. A. 9 And so was it [the corpse] reverently setled in the bulk of the chariot.
III. Size: cf. 1, 2c
4.
a. Magnitude in three dimensions; volume.
ΘΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > [noun] > a) dimension(s) > property of having three dimensions > volume
bulkc1449
birth1553
capacity?a1560
crassitude?a1560
solidity1570
content1612
bouka1689
volume1794
cubage1840
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 565 To make this book..eny ouer greet bolk.
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge To Rdr. To another thing that was earlyer and Bulkier, and to somwhat still that was more betimes and more of Boak.
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. i. 18 What is the certain Bulk of the living Being each man calls himself.
1795 R. Southey Vision Maid of Orleans 291 Below, the vault dilates Its ample bulk.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. x. 259 I hope it's bowk aneugh to haud a' the gear.
1825 J. R. McCulloch Princ. Polit. Econ. ii. ii. 141 They [gold and silver] possess great value in small bulk.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 57 Sea water is denser or heavier, bulk for bulk, than fresh water.
b. esp. Great or considerable volume. Also figurative.
ΘΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > largeness > [noun] > largeness of volume or bulkiness
hugenessc1380
grossnessa1513
quantity1554
greatness1595
bulk1626
voluminousness1664
bulkiness1674
volume1794
quantum1815
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §771 Rather thin and small than of Bulk.
1669 W. Penn No Cross, No Crown xi. §3, in Wks. (1726) I. 332 'Tis Vanity..for a man of Bulk and Character, to despise another of Less Size in the World.
1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne iii. 58 The bulk of his materials generally overwhelms him.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 457 The facility and assiduity with which he wrote are proved by the bulk..of his works.
c. Paper-making. The thickness of paper (see quots.).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [noun] > specific qualities of
fabric1758
rattle1900
bulk1903
folding strength1936
wet strength1960
runnability1965
1903 C. Beadle in C. F. Cross et al. Paper Testing i. 9 The simplest numerical expression of ‘bulk’, (i.e., the bulking qualities of the fibres composing the paper).
1906 R. W. Sindall Paper Technol. ix. 100 The bulk of a paper may be expressed in terms of the thickness of a single sheet or the thickness of a ream.
1920 H. A. Bromley Paper & its Constituents iii. ii. 161 Bulk in its most correct sense may be defined as the ratio of fibre volume to total volume.
1969 Brit. Printer June 65/2 In the field of book papers..one can still obtain a ton or two, tailor-made to a particular requirement of shade, bulk and finish.
d. spec. The thickness of a book without its covers.
ΘΠ
society > communication > book > kind of book > size of book > [noun]
volume1530
format1840
bulk1906
1906 L. L. Walton in F. H. Hitchcock Building of Book 27 The bulk or thickness that the book must be, to make a volume of proper proportions, is determined.
1960 G. A. Glaister Gloss. Bk. 48/1 Bulk, the thickness of a book exclusive of its covers. The bulk will be less after binding than before.
e. = roughage n. 2.
ΘΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consistency of food > [noun] > fibrous or soluble matter
rough food1701
roughage1850
fibre1909
bulk1940
soluble1952
1940 G. Bourne Nutrition & War i. 8 This necessity for bulk in food is one reason why we are not likely to have all our food requirements reduced to one small pill.
1950 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. May 485/2 There are three groups of crops suitable for feeding to pigs: Concentrates, semi-bulk foods, and bulk foods.
1962 Which? Jan. 25/1 These are all harmless laxatives, useful if your normal diet produces insufficient bulk.
1962 Which? Jan. 26/2 All preparations used as laxatives are effective by acting as bulk-suppliers, or irritants, or lubricants.
5. A mass; the collective mass of any object. Often esp. a large mass.
ΘΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > largeness > [noun] > largeness of volume or bulkiness > and solidity > large mass
molec1390
mass?a1425
bulk1641
1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper iii. 203 The last Use of redargution did not lie..against the whole bulk of Popery.
1658–9 Col. Briscoe in T. Burton Diary (1828) IV. 204 I was as much against confirming the laws in a bulk as any man.
1658 tr. J. Ussher Ann. World 153 Locking their ships close together, and making one bulke of them.
a1718 W. Penn Tracts in Wks. (1726) I. 815 Those who distinguish the Tree in the Bulk, cannot with the like Ease discern every Branch.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Edwin Morris 11 A Tudor-chimnied bulk Of mellow brickwork.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xxx. 260 A similar bulk of lamp oil, denuded of the staves, stood [frozen] like a yellow sandstone roller.
6. Greater part, or, in relation to number, the majority; the main body. (Sc. bouk; cf. body n. 8.)
ΘΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a great part or proportion > the greater part, the majority
the more partOE
the best part ofOE
(the) more parta1350
(the) most parta1350
(the) most part alla1350
(the) most party1372
for (also be, in) the most part (also deal, party)a1387
the better part ofa1393
the mo?a1400
most forcea1400
substancea1413
corsec1420
generalty?c1430
the greater partc1430
three quartersc1470
generalityc1485
the most feck1488
corpse1533
most1553
nine-tenths?1556
better half1566
generality?1570
pluralityc1570
body1574
the great body (of)1588
flush1592
three fourths1600
best1601
heap1609
gross1625
lump1709
bulk1711
majority1714
nineteen in twenty1730
balance1747
sweighta1800
heft1816
chief1841
the force1842
thick end1847
1662 B. Gerbier Brief Disc. Princ. Building 37 As for the main bulk of Palaces, its true some have a greatness in plainness.]
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 124. ¶3 Prints..calculated to diffuse good Sense through the Bulk of a People.
1752 D. Hume Polit. Disc. i. 4 The bulk of every state may be divided into husbandmen and manufacturers.
1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. III. 279 The bulk of the Presbyterian clergy are as fierce as the slave-holders against the abolitionists.
1867 J. Bright Speeches Parl. Reform 46 The bulk of his land has only been about half cultivated.

Compounds

C1. attributive. = in bulk, as bulk-buying, bulk-purchasing, bulk supply, etc.
ΘΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > much/a great amount/quantity of > in a large quantity
bulk1693
1693 [see sense 1a].
1848 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1847 527 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (30th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 54) VI Bulk pork is that which is intended for immediate use or smoking.
1892 Daily News 13 May 5/8 Bulk transport threatens ‘danger to the security, safety, and freedom from interruption of the Suez Canal’.
1897 Daily News 18 Nov. 2/2 A bulk sample of about 2 feet of the lode on the hanging wall.
1906 Daily Chron. 3 Mar. 4/4 Bulk power generation.
1906 Daily Chron. 13 June 4/6 A monopoly of the bulk supply [of electricity].
1930 Economist 19 July 107/1 The question of import boards for bulk purchases.
1930 Economist 9 Aug. 272/1 The project of setting up bulk-purchasing import boards.
1932 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Nov. 824/3 Not only is it impossible for the potentialities of bulk-buying..to be exploited, [etc.].
1940 ‘M. Innes’ Secret Vanguard xix. 209 Let us worry rather about petrol and bulk wheat.
1949 Hansard Commons CDLXV. 1453 50 per cent..of the total imports of the country are bulk-purchased by the Government.
1949 Hansard Commons CDLXV. 1558 When we talk about bulk buying, we obviously mean three or four different things. We mean an ordinary large single purchase; we mean centralised buying; and, of course, we mean State trading.
C2.
bulk barrel n. a barrel of 36 gallons of wort or beer without regard to specific gravity (as distinguished from standard barrel).
ΘΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > [noun] > large for liquor > for beer or cider
beer-pot1546
black pot1582
beer-glass1594
beer-barrel1603
beer-bombard1652
stound1674
beer-vat1837
beer-bottle1839
stein1855
tunning cask1891
bulk barrel1905
seidel1922
schooner1934
stubby1957
1905 Daily Chron. 29 July 4/5 The discrepancy between the number of ‘standard’ barrels of beer upon which duty is paid and the number of ‘bulk’ barrels actually brewed.
1909 Daily Chron. 12 May 1/4 The bulk barrel may be of any specific gravity. The average is, I should say, about 1·053.
bulk gallon n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > measure(s) of capacity > [noun] > liquid measure of capacity > specific units of liquid measure > gallon
gallonc1300
gawn1565
wine-gallon1657
beer-gallon1661
bulk gallon1889
1889 in G. Birch Handbk. Gauging (1894) 67 When the deduction for tenths reduces bulk gallons to less than those of next lower inch.
bulk carrier n. a ship that carries cargo in bulk.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > trading vessel > cargo vessel > [noun] > bulk carrier
bulk carrier1909
bulker1975
1909 W. S. Tower Story of Oil vi. 100 Before long tank steamers were also added to the fleet of bulk carriers.
1954 Shipping World 7 July 20/1 The bulk carrier Sunrip, a turbine steamship of about 12,700 tons deadweight..was launched on June 21.
1984 Financial Times 17 Apr. 22 Reduction in the number of..tankers and the introduction of highly efficient..bulk carriers.
bulk eraser n. (see quot. 1959).
ΘΠ
the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > [noun] > device for erasing > for magnetic tape
bulk eraser1956
1956 R. E. B. Hickman Magn. Recording Handbk. v. 120 A tape may be cleaned more rapidly by the use of a bulk eraser.
1959 W. S. Sharps Dict. Cinematogr. 82/1 Bulk eraser, a device designed to pass a high intensity alternating current through wound reels of magnetic tape such that the recorded magnetic patterns are completely erased in a matter of seconds.
bulk modulus n. Mathematics (see quots.).
ΚΠ
1908 E. S. Andrews Theory & Design of Struct. i. 9 There is an additional modulus called the bulk or volume modulus (K), which represents the ratio between the unital change in volume and the intensity of pressure or tension on a cube of material subjected to pressure or tension on all faces.
1935 C. G. Burge Compl. Bk. Aviation 194/1 The bulk modulus is that which expresses the relation between stress and change in unit volume when a body is subjected to equal stresses on all faces, such as when a body is under pressure.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

bulkn.2

Brit. /bʌlk/, U.S. /bəlk/
Etymology: Not recorded before late 16th cent. Etymology doubtful: Prof. Skeat suggests Old Norse bálk-r , bǫ́lk-r beam (= balk n.1), which might perhaps give Middle English *bolk , and modern English bulk ; there is also an Old English bolca ‘gangway of a ship’, supposed to be a parallel form to bealca , balk n.1 Compare ‘Bulkar..a Beam or Rafter, Lincolnshire’ (Bailey.)
A framework projecting from the front of a shop; a stall.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > trading place > place where retail transactions made > [noun] > shop > shop-front > framework projecting from
bulk1586
1586 Praise of Musicke iii. 44 The Tailor on his bulk, the Shomaker at his last.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) ii. i. 207 Stalls, Bulkes, Windowes, are smother'd vp. View more context for this quotation
1680 Vindic. Conforming Clergy (ed. 2) 50 Leave him under a Bulk whetting his crooked Knife.
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 29 During the heats of summer, he commonly took his repose upon a bulk.
1875 P. G. Hamerton Intellect. Life (ed. 2) xi. ii. 406 A cobbler in his bulk was out-and-out his master.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† bulkn.3

Etymology: compare bulker n.1
Obsolete slang.
(See quots.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > thief > pickpocket or cutpurse > [noun] > pickpocket > assistant or accomplice
stall1591
Adam Tiler1665
bulk1673
bulker1673
staller (up)1819
stickman1862
1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 35 Bulk and File. The one jostles you whilst the other picks your pocket.
1721 in N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict.
1725 New Canting Dict. Bulk, an Assistant to a File or Pickpocket, who jostles a Person up against the Wall, while the other picks his Pocket.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

bulkv.1

Brit. /bʌlk/, U.S. /bəlk/
Etymology: < bulk n.1, giving a number of unconnected or loosely connected senses.
1. intransitive. To be of bulk; to present an appearance of size; to be of weight or importance. literal and figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [verb (intransitive)]
reckeOE
recka1250
attainc1374
beforcec1375
pertaina1382
concern1477
import1539
signifya1616
to trench into (unto)1621
to bear (a) (great) state1623
urge1654
relate1655
bulk1672
refer1677
argufy1751
to be no small drinka1774
tell1779
reckon1811
to count for (much, little, nothing, etc.)1857
to stand for something (or nothing)1863
shout1876
count1885
mind1915
rate1926
1672 W. Carstares in R. H. Story Life Carstares 27 Other things would be so far from bulking in our eyes that they would evanish and disappear.
1725 R. Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 211 Your loss..bulks not with me in comparison of that of the public.
1832 T. Carlyle in Fraser's Mag. 5 384 Any one of whom bulked much larger in the world's eye than Johnson ever did.
1859 G. Wilson & A. Geikie Mem. E. Forbes iv. 91 For us..of this generation, the years between 1831 and 1855 must bulk large.
2. to bulk (up): to swell up, rise in bulk or mass.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (intransitive)] > distend > swell
swellOE
to-swellc1000
bolnec1325
pluma1398
bladderc1440
boldena1510
to bulk1551
hove1590
tympanize1607
outswell1612
tumefy1615
extuberate1623
heave1629
blister1644
puff1648
huff1656
intumesce1794
pluff1831
balloon1841
turgesce1864
tumesce1966
1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. i. Def. The middle partes nother bulke vp, nother shrink down more then the bothe endes.
1601 Bp. W. Barlow Def. Protestants Relig. 116 That corne hath bulkt into a stemme, and branched out into armes..I neuer heard or read.
1883 J. Parker in Homil. Month. Oct. 18 A few coins..shall bulk up into quite a surprising offering.
†3. transitive. to bulk out: to swell out, stuff out.In quot. 1553 the word may be = bolk v., belch.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)] > distend > with fullness > stuff
stuffc1450
to bulk out?1529
bolster1530
bombase1573
embolster1631
?1529 R. Hyrde tr. J. L. Vives Instr. Christen Woman i. ix. sig. I.iijv One of Satanas officers, that usest..so many chosen meates to the ful, bulkyng out capons.
1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. vii. f. 123 Which violence of tonge, & rashnes of wordes bulked out..was nothing els but a declaration & token of his traiterous hart.
a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 457 The most ancient Churches..were..like some kinde of ships..bulked out upon both sides in the midst.
4. To pile in heaps, as fish for salting. Cf. bulk n.1 1. Also, to pile (tobacco) in the course of preparing it for use (U.S.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > gather in one mass or form lumps > accumulate > heap or pile up
heapc1000
ruck?c1225
ruckle?c1225
givelc1300
upheap1469
binga1522
pilec1540
copa1552
bank1577
hill1581
plet1584
conglomerate1596
acervate1623
coacervate1623
tilea1643
aggest1655
coacerve1660
pyramida1666
aggerate1693
big1716
bepilea1726
clamp1742
bulk1822
pang1898
1822 G. Woodley View Present State Scilly Islands i. vi. 154 Pilchards are said to be bulked, when they are piled up in layers, on the pavement of the cellars.
1850 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1849: Agric. 322 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (31st Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 20, Pt. 2) VI Stripping should never be done in drying..weather, unless the tobacco is bulked up almost as fast as it is stript.
1863 8th Ann. Rep. Maine Board Agric. ii. 163 When the weather again becomes moist,..take it [sc. tobacco] down and carefully bulk it away as before directed.
1863 8th Ann. Rep. Maine Board Agric. ii. 163 Care must be taken that the tobacco does not..get too high in case before it is bulked.
1881 Scotsman 12 Apr. 3/1 Sometimes when seals are found in great abundance, they are ‘bulked’.
1902 U.S. Dept. Agric. Farmers' Bull. No. 60. 17 These are tied up into hands and bulked down for a short time.
5. Commerce.
a. To ascertain the bulk of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > measurement > the scientific measurement of volume > ascertain the bulk of [verb (transitive)]
bulk1883
1883 Times 24 Mar. 6 Indian teas are ‘bulked’ by Her Majesty's Customs—that is to say, each chest is opened and emptied, in order to ascertain the exact weight of the tea and of the package.
1883 Times 24 Mar. 6 The Customs are not to blame for the bulking of Indian tea.
b. (See quot. 1931.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > coffee manufacture > [verb (transitive)] > mix
bulk1931
1931 C. Maughan Markets of London xxix. 104 Most of the descriptions of coffee..are poured out from the bags on to special floors, where they are ‘bulked’, or mixed, in order to ensure that the contents of all the bags are of uniform quality, and they are then rebagged.
6. transitive. To put together (two or more consignments of goods) for transport as one. Also absol.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > [verb (transitive)] > take or collect in order to convey > put together two or more consignments
bulk1908
1908 Modern Business Sept. 164/2 Had they been ‘bulked’—i.e. sent as one consignment, from one consignee to an agent to deliver—the company would have had no alternative but to charge the lower rate.
1908 Modern Business Sept. 165/1 If a merchant can, by bulking several parcels, get them through at a much lower rate.
1928 Daily Express 10 Mar. 9/4 Bulking means..that two or more consignments for different consignees in one town, forwarded at one and the same time, can be charged together as one lot.
7. To enlarge a book by adding to the number or thickness of its leaves; esp. to make a book look big by printing it on paper of abnormally loose texture. Also intransitive, to have a specified bulk (see bulk n.1 4c).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > manner or style of printing > style of printing [verb (transitive)] > print on loose textured paper
bulk1920
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > material for making paper > paper > [verb (intransitive)] > have a specified bulk
bulk1920
1920 C. F. Cross & E. J. Bevan Text-bk. Paper-making (ed. 5) xiv. 403 A paper either ‘bulks high’ or ‘bulks low’ in relation to its ‘substance’.
1932 B. Blackwell World of Bks. 41 Setting their faces against the artificial bulking of books.
1937 E. J. Labarre Dict. Paper 114/1 Light and ‘bulky’ papers, the opposite of which are heavy or dense, have ‘bulking’ qualities, and papers are said to ‘bulk well’.
1957 Times Lit. Suppl. 27 Dec. 787/2 For this deterioration publishers are in part to blame in their demand for ‘bulking’ properties.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† bulkv.2

Forms: Also Middle English bolk.
Etymology: Origin unknown.
Obsolete.
intransitive. ? To beat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)]
abeatOE
beatc1000
dingc1300
dintc1300
bulka1400
batc1440
hampera1529
pommel1530
lump1546
pummel1548
bebatter1567
filch1567
peal-pelt1582
reverberate1599
vapulate1603
over-labour1632
polt1652
bepat1676
flog1801
quilt1822
meller1862
tund1885
massage1924
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18511 A-pon þair breistes can þai bulk [c1460 Laud gon they bolk].
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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n.1c1440n.21586n.31673v.1?1529v.2a1400
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