underlayn.
/ˈʌndəleɪ/, U.S. /ˈəndərˌleɪ/ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of structure or thought > [noun] > repetition > immediate or for emphasis
cuckoo-spell1589
epizeuxis1589
underlay1589
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. xix. 168 Ye haue another sort of repetition... The Greeks call him Epizeuxis, the Latines Subiunctio, we may call him the vnderlay.
2.
a. A piece added to the sole of a shoe.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > footwear > parts of footwear > [noun] > protective studs or plates > other
speckc1440
under-leather1569
rand1598
tongue1598
ruffle1600
underlay1612
tap1688
jump1712
bottom1768
boot-garter1824
yarking1825
range1840
counter1841
insole1851
sock1851
galosh1853
heel plate1862
lift1862
foxing1865
spring1885
saddle1930
1612 W. Fennor Cornu-copiæ 21 She could line her shoes with vnder-laies, So cunningly, that few the fault did spie.
b. = eke n.1 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > bee-keeping > [noun] > beehive > parts of
moutha1398
stool?1523
skirt1555
hackle1609
smoot1615
imp1618
bolster1623
cop1623
underlaya1642
hack1658
tee-hole1669
frame1673
hood1686
alighting board1780
body box1823
superhive1847
super1855
quilt1870
queen excluder1881
bar-super1884
brood box1888
a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 66 They will, [and] within a monethes space worke downe to the bottome of the hive, and then must yow give them an underlay. There is in an underlay usually five wreathes, viz. one for the hive to stande within and fower belowe. Yow are to putte in an underlay two spelles.
c. A piece inserted as a prop or support, esp. so as to make one part level with another.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports
staffc1000
hold1042
source1359
legc1380
shorer1393
stabilimenta1398
upholder1398
sustentationa1400
undersetterc1400
bearinga1425
undersettinga1425
suppowellc1430
triclinec1440
sustentaclec1451
supportera1475
sustainerc1475
sustenal1483
stayc1515
buttress1535
underpinning1538
firmament1554
countenance1565
support1570
appuia1573
comfort1577
hypostasis1577
underpropping1586
porter1591
supportation1593
supportance1597
understaya1603
bearer1607
rest1609
upsetter1628
mountinga1630
sustent1664
underlay1683
holdfast1706
abutment1727
suppeditor1728
mount1739
monture1746
bed1793
appoggiatura1833
bracing1849
bench1850
under-pinner1859
bolster-piece1860
sustainer1873
table mount1923
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 11 Presses [should] have..an even Horizontal Floor to stand on, That when the Presses are set up their Feet shall need no Underlays.
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 273 The aforesaid Battens will also keep these Underlays from working out.
d. Printing. A piece of paper or cardboard placed under type, cuts, or plates, to raise these to the required level.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > paper > [noun] > paper to raise types, etc., to level
underlay1683
interlay1940
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 291 He tries thicker or thinner Vnder-lays till he have evened the Vnder-lay with the Face of the Letter.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 118/2 Underlays, are small slips of Scabbord put under letters.
1824 J. Johnson Typographia II. xv. 521 They will be found to sink a little from the repeated impressions, consequently the cuts will require an additional underlay.
1880 Scribner's Monthly May 43/1 He puts a proper underlay under every cut..that contains much black surface, and fairly braces it to resist hard impression.
e. gen. A layer which underlies another; a substratum. Also as figurative use of next sense.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > features of stratum or vein > [noun] > depression
underlie1778
underlying1778
underlaying1802
swelly1849
saddleback1883
slew1883
underlay1883
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > a layer > [noun] > an underlying layer
substrature1726
substratum1730
understratum1731
litter1848
underlay1883
underlayer1896
substrate1918
1883 W. Whitman Specimen Days in Specimen Days & Collect 87 I write..here by the creek... For underlay, trees in fulness of tender foliage—liquid reedy, long-drawn notes of birds.
1964 Listener 15 Oct. 572/1 The main characteristic of the new popular manner is an aggressive surface over a soft underlay; it is noisy..about minor issues, but takes good care not to tread any..controversial ground.
1977 C. McCullough Thorn Birds (1978) ii. vii. 174 ‘I do not intend to make a long eulogy,’ he said in his clear, almost Oxford diction with its faint Irish underlay.
f. spec. (sheets of) material laid beneath a carpet (usually felt or paper, or as an integral rubberized backing) or a mattress, for protection and support.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > floor-covering > [noun] > carpet > underlay
underfelt1895
underlay1907
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > bed > bedding > [noun] > mattress > underlay
underclothc1440
underlay1907
1907 Army & Navy Co-operative Soc.: Rules & Price List 275/2 Moth proof Cotton underlay to go between wire bottom of bed and mattress..4/8.
1923 Daily Mail 21 Feb. 8 (advt.) Cedar Felt is an improved paper felt underlay for carpets.
1929 W. Deeping Roper's Row xxi. 233 They'll do for underlays on the beds. I shan't waste them.
1959 Spectator 7 Aug. 165/2 Underlay adds to the life of a carpet, absorbs pressure from furniture and footsteps and acts as a sound absorber and insulator.
1980 D. Adams Restaurant at End of Universe xx. 117 The thin tufted nylon floor covering was black, and when they had lifted up a corner of it they had discovered that the foam underlay also was black.
3. Mining. = dip n.1 5, hade n.2 (See quots. 1845 –1855, and cf. underlie n.)
ΚΠ
1845 Encycl. Metrop. VIII. 203/1 The underlay of a lode is a term used to denote the direction of its inclination with regard to the horizon.
1855 J. R. Leifchild Cornwall: Mines & Miners 101 The dip of a lode..being its inclination from a perpendicular line, or its underlay.
1880 C. C. Adley Rep. Pioneer Mining Co. 2 Oct. 1 A small shaft will also be sunk,..following the underlay of the lode.
4. A layer of vegetation on the surface of the ground.
ΚΠ
1883 W. Whitman Specimen Days in Specimen Days & Collect 131 A rich underlay of ferns, yew sprouts and mosses.
5. Early Music. The placing of text in relation to music. Cf. sense 1e of the verb.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > notation > [noun] > placing of text
underlay1969
1969 G. Reaney in Reese & Snow Essays in Musicology in Honor of Dragan Plamenac xvi. 250 The most difficult type of underlay consists of a moderately large group of notes with rather fewer syllables.
1974 Times Lit. Suppl. 14 June 642/2 When Petrarch's lines are restored to their proper shape and order and deployed in reasonable fashion below the notes of the vocal part, most if not all of the problems of underlay disappear.
1980 Early Music 8 21/1 Directions for tempo and dynamics, and frequently for underlay also, are absent from manuscript and printed sources alike.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
underlayv.
/ˌʌndəˈleɪ/, U.S. /ˌəndərˈleɪ/ 1. † c. To furnish (shoes) with additional soling-pieces or heel-plates. Also in figurative context. Obsolete.figurative.1592 T. Nashe Strange Newes 7 Then wil I bind my selfe prentise to a Cobler, and fresh vnderlay all those writings of mine that haue trodde awrie.1603 T. Dekker 1603: Wonderfull Yeare sig. E3v Being a pollitike Cobler, and remembring what piece of worke he was to vnder-laie.a1640 F. Beaumont et al. Loves Cure v. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Sssss5v/2 Our soules have trode awry in all mens sight, We'l underlay 'em, till they goe upright.
a. transitive. To support by placing something beneath; to furnish with something laid below. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > low position > put in low position [verb (transitive)] > place under > furnish with something placed beneath
underlayc897
underputc1475
underseta1547
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xix. 143 Ðonne bið se elnboga underled mid pyle & se hnecca mid bolstre.
c1000 Ælfric Homilies II. 144 Þa bæd he hi anre sylle, þæt he mihte þæt hus on ða sæ healfe mid þære underlecgan.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3388 He is under-leiden wið an ston, Til sunne him seilede in ðe west.
1555 R. Eden tr. S. von Herberstein Rerum moscouiticarum commentarii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 300 They vnderlaye them with grasse.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 60 They vse to set the heades, vnderlaying them with a Tyleshard.
1658 W. Johnson tr. F. Würtz Surgeons Guid ii. xiv. 110 You ought not to stitch any wounded Finger,..but underlay it with little splinters.
1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ix. 157 If the Board be too thin, they underlay that Board upon every Joyst with a Chip.
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture II. 10 b Another way of making the weight slip along..is by underlaying it cross-ways with Rollers.
1851 Athenæum Oct. 1049/1 Their project of underlaying the sea with electric wires.
b. To furnish with a lining or backing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being internal > make internal or interior [verb (transitive)] > line
linec1405
underlay1502
underline1545
interlard1632
case1812
1502 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1900) II. 302 Franch tanne to be ane cote to Jacob..v quartaris demy ostad to underlay the bordoring of it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > making footwear > make footwear [verb (transitive)] > furnish with heel or sole > with specific type of heel or sole
underlay?1515
cork1580
?1515 [implied in: Hyckescorner (de Worde) sig. C.iiv Therwith can you cloute me a payre of botes..? I wolde haue them well vnderlayd and easely. (at underlaid adj. 2a)].
1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. F4 If the sooles be naught (as they be indeede,) yet must they be vnderlaied with other peeces of leather, to make them seeme thicke.
1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 190v The heeles they vnderlay. With clouting clamps of steele.
1632 P. Holland tr. Xenophon Cyrupædia 181 The Medes use..such a kind of shooes, as they might underlay closely and out of sight.
1661 K. W. Confused Characters To Rdr. sig. A2 Should I, like an unthrifty Cobler, have vnderlayed the rotten soles of these now worn out buskings, with the new and costly leather of applause.
1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis 1272 To underlay a shoe, suppingere.
d. Printing. To place paper or cardboard under (type, etc.) in order to raise to the required level for printing.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > preparatory processes > composing > compose [verb (transitive)] > adjust to type-height
underlay1683
patch1884
overlay1888
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 291 If any Wooden Letters..are too Low, (as they generally be) he Vnder-lays them.
1880 Scribner's Monthly May 42/2 The pressman underlays the plate, by pasting on its under side bits of paper of suitable size.
1888 C. T. Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 149 Underlay, the process of making-ready under type or cuts.
e. Early Music. To place (the text of a song, etc.) in relation to the music.
ΚΠ
1934 A. Hughes Anglo-Fr. Sequelae 7 Is there any satisfactory reason adducible to explain why the music of the Verba-passages should be underlaid with a text, and not the rest?
1949 W. Apel Notation Polyphonic Mus., 900–1600 (ed. 4) ii. ii. 118 This composition also serves to illustrate the problem of text-underlaying in early music... The original frequently leaves considerable room for doubt..as to the ‘correct’ placing of the words.
1960 D. Stevens Hist. Song 88 The text does not fit the ligatures of the tenor part... But it makes good sense when underlaid to the soprano part.
2.
a. To place (something) beneath.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > low position > put in low position [verb (transitive)] > place under
underlayc1000
underputc1220
underseta1340
supposec1450
subject1578
substrate1578
suppone1611
subterpose1881
c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxviii. 167 Subpono, ic under~lecge.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 511/1 Vnderleyyn, idem quod underputtyn.
1573 T. Twyne tr. Virgil in T. Phaer & T. Twyne tr. Virgil Whole .xii. Bks. Æneidos xii. N n j A tower stronge..the prince..had built alone, And choules [? read roules] had vnderlayd [L. subdideratque rotas].
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 258 If a Page be too big for his Grasp, he underlays the Slice of a Galley.
b. To put underground, to bury.Used punningly with allusion to sense 1c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > bury or entomb [verb (transitive)]
bedelveOE
begraveOE
burya1000
beburyc1000
bifel-ec1000
layc1000
to fall, lull, lay (bring obs.) asleepOE
tombc1275
gravec1300
inter1303
rekec1330
to lap in leadc1340
to lay to rest, abed, to bed1340
lie1387
to louk in clay (lead, etc.)?a1400
to lay lowa1425
earthc1450
sepulture1490
to put awaya1500
tyrea1500
mould1530
to graith in the grave1535
ingrave1535
intumulate1535
sepult1544
intumil?c1550
yird1562
shrinea1566
infera1575
entomb1576
sepelite1577
shroud1577
funeral1578
to load with earth1578
delve1587
to lay up1591
sepulchrize1595
pit-hole1607
infuneral1610
mool1610
inhumate1612
inurna1616
inhume1616
pit1621
tumulate1623
sepulchrea1626
turf1628
underlay1639
urna1657
to lay to sleep, asleep1701
envaulta1745
plant1785
ensepulchre1820
sheugh1839
to put under1879
to lay away1885
1639 Conceits, Clinches, etc. (1860) 40 If any aske why this same stone was made? (Know) for a cobler newly under~layd Here for his overboasting.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)]
wieldOE
i-weldeOE
onwaldOE
overwieldlOE
amaistera1250
underlaya1300
daunt1303
underbringc1320
yoke?c1335
undercasta1340
afaitec1350
faite1362
subjecta1382
to make subjectc1384
distraina1400
underlouta1400
underthewa1400
underset1422
subjectc1460
subjuge?1473
submise?1473
dompt1480
suppedit?1483
to keep under1486
abandon1487
bandon?a1500
suppeditatec1545
to bring under1563
reduce1569
assubject1579
overpower1597
envassal1606
assubjugate1609
vassal1612
subact1619
vassalize1647
vassalate1659
to school down1818
to ride herd on (also over)1895
society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > submission > submit [verb (reflexive)]
underlaya1300
bowa1400
thralla1400
submit?c1425
obeishc1449
surrender1585
society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > submission > submit to [verb (transitive)] > submit one's neck, heart, etc., to
underlaya1300
submit1543
vail1582
a1300 E.E. Psalter viii. 7 Þ ou vnderlaide [L. subjecisti] alle þinges Vnder his fete.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Jer. xxvii. 12 Vnderleith [L. subjicite] ȝoure neckus vnder the ȝoc of the king of Babyloyne.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 18266 Sin þou þe king o blis werraid And sua þi-self has vnder-laid.
4. To lie under or beneath; = underlie v. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [verb (transitive)] > underlie
underlay1591
underliea1600
bottom1731
the mind > language > malediction > [verb (transitive)] > endure or labour under (a curse)
underlay1826
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)] > exist beneath surface
subtend1755
underlie1856
underlay1861
1591 E. Spenser Virgil's Gnat in Complaints sig. H3 Ne cares he if the..glistering of golde, which vnderlayes The summer beames, doe blinde his gazing eye.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Haulse, the vnderlaying of a shooe, or peece of leather that vnderlayes it.
1799 R. Kirwan Geol. Ess. 178 In the south of France it occurs reposing on granite, and underlaying basalt.
1799 R. Kirwan Geol. Ess. 178 In the Altaischan mountains it sometimes underlays argillite.
1826 E. Irving Babylon II. vii. 227 Our brethren and friends, who still under~lay the curse.
1861 G. W. Dasent tr. Story Burnt Njal I. Introd. p. xxviii [The right of duel] underlaid all their early legislation.
5. intransitive. Mining. To slope, incline from the perpendicular; = underlie v. 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > inclination > incline or be oblique [verb (intransitive)] > slope
pitch?1440
shore?1521
shed1530
batter1546
shoal1621
peck1639
slope1691
rake1722
underlay1728
underlie1778
1728 Philos. Trans. 1727–8 (Royal Soc.) 35 403 The Sides of the Load..constantly underlay either to the North or South.
1802 J. Mawe Mineral. of Derbyshire Gloss. s.v. When a vein hades, or inclines from a perpendicular line, it is said to underlay.
1855 J. R. Leifchild Cornwall: Mines & Miners 101 A lode which underlays towards the north.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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