undergon.
/ˈʌndəɡəʊ/, U.S. /ˈəndərˌɡoʊ/ (See quot. 1876.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for body or trunk (and limbs) > [noun] > shirt > types of > of specific material
hair-shirt1737
hunting-shirt1775
hickory shirt1825
narp1839
regatta shirt1840
boiled shirt1853
shirt1867
undergo1876
Oxford shirt1881
mackinaw shirt1916
Oxford1927
Aertex shirt1937
1876 J. G. Holland Story of Sevenoaks (new ed.) x. 123 They were blue under~goes—in other words blue flannel shirts.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
undergov.
/ˌʌndəˈɡəʊ/, U.S. /ˌəndərˈɡoʊ/ a. transitive. To work under, so as to impair or destroy; to undermine. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to > gradually or secretly
undergoc1000
minec1422
undercreepa1440
cankera1450
undermine1565
cankerfret1585
sap1711
honeycomb1821
white-ant1905
submarine1917
sabotage1918
undercut1955
monkeywrench1986
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > incorrect information > report or state wrongly [verb (transitive)] > lead into error, mislead
dwellc888
forlereOE
beleada1000
forleseOE
misteachOE
undergoc1000
mislearOE
misleadOE
bicharrea1100
bedwelec1205
overlead?c1225
misbihedec1300
miswendc1325
misguyc1375
miscounsel1389
misbeleadc1390
faitc1430
miswrest?a1475
misguide1480
scandalize1538
misadvise1548
misdraw1599
misdirect1603
traduce1613
to throw (also put) off the scenta1637
misswaya1640
undirect1647
mislight1648
widdlea1689
c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 444 Ne sy la nan eorðcund cyning mid gitsunge to þæm swiþe undergan.
a1300 E.E. Psalter xvi. 14 Ris vp, lauerd; forcome him swa, And als-swa him vnderga [L. subverte].
c1315 Shoreham vii. 622 Ac þo þe deuel hyt aspyde Þat man hym scholde þer abyde..He þouȝte gyle al onder-go.
1642 D. Rogers Naaman 146 Be [thou] affraid lest thou shouldest undergo thy selfe in purchasing the pearle.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)] > outwit, get the better of
undergoa1325
circumvene1526
crossbitec1555
circumvent1564
gleek1577
outreach1579
fob1583
overreach1594
fub1600
encompassa1616
out-craftya1616
out-knave1648
mump1649
jockey1708
come1721
nail1735
slew1813
Jew1825
to sew up1837
to play (it) low down (on)1864
outfox1872
beat1873
outcraft1879
to get a beat on1889
old soldier1892
to put one over1905
to get one over on1912
to get one over1921
outsmart1926
shaft1959
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1147 Ðis maidenes redden son[e] on-on..Hu he migten vnder-gon Here fader, ðat he ne wore ðor-gon.
a1380 St. Paula 479 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 33 Þou hast me gyled and vndur-gone [L. circumvenisti].
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > investigate, inspect [verb (intransitive)]
inquirec1330
aska1382
ensearch1382
questiona1500
investigate?1520
vestigatea1561
to look into ——1561
perpend1568
mouse1575
rake1603
undergo1605
fathom1607
ravel1618
examine1628
inquisition1644
to cast abouta1676
inspect1703
sound1793
disquisitea1823
look-see1862
to cast about one1867
1605 R. Verstegan Restit. Decayed Intelligence Verses by Author That all men seek all what they may to know; Yea Tyme in his own cours to vndergo.
a. To submit to (do something). Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > absence of resistance > accept without resistance [verb (transitive)] > give in or submit to action, treatment, or events
undergoc1175
give place1382
receivec1384
obeyc1390
to go under ——a1400
servec1400
underliec1400
submitc1425
subscribe1560
resign1593
stoop1611
to let loose1667
to qualify on1753
society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > submission > submit to [verb (transitive)]
undergangc1000
undergoc1175
abidec1275
bidec1275
shootc1275
undergoc1315
submit1397
incline?a1400
vail1610
cede1633
defer1686
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2527 Þatt ȝho wass rædiȝ tunnderrgan. Drihhtiness will to follȝhenn.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > statement > acceptance, reception, or admission > accept, receive, or admit [verb (transitive)]
yknowOE
knowc1175
takec1175
undergoc1315
receive1318
takea1333
allowc1350
accept1439
admitc1449
recognize1509
concedea1513
adhibit1542
allow1548
yieldc1571
acquiescatea1586
yield1590
gratify1662
c1315 Shoreham vii. 187 Ȝet oure by-leaue wole onder-gon Þat þyse þre beþ ryȝt al on.
c. To be subject to, to serve. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > be subject to [verb (transitive)]
underliec897
undergo1586
underserve1611
to hang upon the beck of1635
ancillate1641
to be at the beck and call of1869
work1950
1586 G. Whitney Choice of Emblemes 223 Here, man who first should heauenlie thinges attaine,..First, vndergoes the worlde with might, and maine.
1864 R. Browning Let. 13 Oct. in H. Tennyson Alfred Ld. Tennyson: Mem. (1897) II. i. 16 The new metre is admirable, a paladin's achievement... So have you made our language undergo you.
a. To go or pass under. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > descend [verb (transitive)] > go or move under
undergoc1220
undercreep1558
underrun1594
c1220 Bestiary 691 in Old Eng. Misc. 22 And tus adam he under-ȝede, reisede him up, and al mankin.
?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Three Bks. Eng. Hist. (1844) 37 Howbeit, hoping eyther to winne it by assault, or compell it to yeelde, they undergoe the wall.
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads vi. 444 Better my shoulders underwent the earth, than thy decease.
1627 T. May tr. Lucan Pharsalia (new ed.) v. I 4 That day the sea seem'd mountaines topps t' oreflow, And yeilding earth that deluge t' vndergoe.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > descend [verb (transitive)] > sink below
undergo1614
1614 A. Gorges tr. Lucan Pharsalia ix. 386 Thy sight the North-starre vndergoes,..And each starre, that is most of light, Seemes (by the sea) hid from thy sight.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > information > action of informing > give (information) [verb (transitive)] > be informed of
hearc950
witc1000
haveOE
learnc1175
undergoc1290
takea1333
receivec1400
aherec1450
partakea1593
get1608
intelligence1637
to get wind of1809
to take away1839
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 353/273 His lettre he sende, þat he scholde of swuche þingue onder-go [v.r. scholde such þing vndergo].
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1160 Nv bi-oueð us to wenden a-gen And of abraham song under-gon.
c1330 Amis & Amil. 603 Yif..ani wight of all þi kinne. Might it vndergo, Al our ioie and worldes winne We schuld lese.
a1400 Sir Beues (MS. S.) 1514 That hors wel ȝerne vnder-ȝede That Beues nas not on is rigge.
5. absolute.1842 Ld. Tennyson Godiva in Poems (new ed.) II. 112 She Did more, and under~went, and overcame.† b. To bear, sustain (a burden, etc.). Obsolete.
a. To bear, endure, sustain, suffer, go through (pain, suffering, danger, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)]
thave835
i-dreeeOE
tholec897
abeareOE
underbearc950
adreeOE
dreeOE
driveOE
i-tholeOE
throwOE
underfoc1000
bearOE
bidec1200
suffera1250
abidec1275
drinka1340
endure1340
underfong1382
receivec1384
abyea1393
sustain1398
finda1400
undergoa1400
get?c1430
underganga1470
ponder?a1525
a dog's lifea1528
tolerate1531
to stand to ——1540
to feel the weight of?1553
enjoy1577
carry1583
abrook1594
to stand under ——a1616
to fall a victim to1764
the mind > emotion > suffering > suffer mental pain [verb (transitive)]
thave835
i-dreeeOE
tholec897
underbearc950
adreeOE
dreeOE
driveOE
i-tholeOE
throwOE
underfoc1000
bearOE
takec1175
bidec1200
suffera1250
leadc1330
drinka1340
endure1340
wielda1375
underfong1382
receivec1384
sustain1398
finda1400
undergoa1400
underganga1470
ponder?a1525
tolerate1531
to go through ——1535
to feel the weight of?1553
enjoy1577
carry1583
abrook1594
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9748 And thol on me þe dom i sal, þat he suld vnder-ga, yon thral.
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 39 We wel þat þe bischops þat are necligent in þis, vndir go þe same peyn.
c1480 (a1400) St. Adrian 243 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 279 For-þi mare ardent wes his wil hard martirdome til vndirga.
1609 C. Tourneur Funerall Poeme sig. B4 If some Were still so bold to vndergoe his Doome.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. i. 133 Silence, no more; go closely in with mee, Much danger do I vndergo for thee. View more context for this quotation
1666 in F. P. Verney & M. M. Verney Mem. Verney Family 17th Cent. (1907) II. 259 In that or other disappointments or crosses that your sister and I have undergone.
1711 Spectator No. 161. ⁋5 They were..fit to undergo any Fatigues of bodily Labour.
a1770 J. Jortin Serm. (1772) VII. xiii. 270 What security hath our Church from undergoing the same fate?
1832 H. Martineau Weal & Woe ix. 124 His fine spirit was broken by the anxieties he had undergone.
1887 P. McNeill Blawearie 121 Soon all speculation anent the punishment we had to undergo was at an end.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > encumber > burden > be burdened with > bear a burden or charge
undergoc1460
c1460 Oseney Reg. 162 All charges to þe saide tithis longyng we..schalle bere and schall vndergoo for euer.
?1605 J. Davies Wittes Pilgrimage sig. K2 Though Atlas on him Heu'n impose, He that huge Burden, staidly under-goes!
1656 H. Phillippes Purchasers Pattern (1676) B 4 b There may be an equality in the loss and charges, that so the burden may be the more easily undergone by both parties.
6. † d. To partake of, enjoy. Obsolete. rare.
a. To subject or submit oneself, to be subjected, to (a law, inspection, examination, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > investigate, examine [verb (transitive)]
underseekc897
speerc900
lookeOE
askOE
seeOE
teem witnessc1200
seeka1300
fand13..
inquirec1300
undergoc1315
visit1338
pursuea1382
searcha1382
examinec1384
assay1387
ensearchc1400
vesteyea1425
to have in waitc1440
perpend1447
to bring witnessc1475
vey1512
investigate?1520
recounta1530
to call into (also in) question1534
finger1546
rip1549
sight1556
vestigatea1561
to look into ——1561
require1563
descry?1567
sound1579
question1590
resolve1593
surview1601
undersearch1609
sift1611
disquire1621
indagate1623
inspect1623
pierce1640
shrive1647
in-looka1649
probe1649
incern1656
quaeritate1657
inquisite1674
reconnoitre1740
explore1774
to bring to book1786
look-see1867
scrutate1882
to shake down1915
sleuth1939
screen1942
society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > submission > submit to [verb (transitive)]
undergangc1000
undergoc1175
abidec1275
bidec1275
shootc1275
undergoc1315
submit1397
incline?a1400
vail1610
cede1633
defer1686
c1315 Shoreham v. 152 Ope þe heȝe eȝtynde day He onder-ȝede þe gywen lay, And was ycircumcysed.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9114 It semes wel..þat he wan merci of his mis..for þe scrift he vnder-yede.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 12755 In watir baptized he alle þo Þat wolde bapteme vndir go.
1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne i. 29 They all agree to vnder go his lawes.
a1704 T. Brown Dialogue Oxf. Schollars in Wks. (1707) I. i. 4 I must undergo an Examination.
1721 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials II. xxvi. 215 The Book of Public and Common Prayer, which about this time underwent a diligent inspection and reformation, by some of the bishops.
1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. v. 479 The danger to which this event might expose the expedition..underwent deliberation in the Council.
1845 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 I. viii. 547 On the 1st July several clauses again underwent examination.
b. To come or fall under, to experience; to have imposed on one.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > be subjected to or undergo an action > specifically of a person
havea1225
to go under ——a1400
lie1546
hold1592
undergo1600
stand1607
the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > be subjected to or undergo an action > undergo or experience
feelOE
seeOE
passa1325
provec1330
attastec1374
wielda1375
tastec1380
sufferc1390
to pass through ——c1400
expert?a1475
traverse1477
experiment1484
savour1509
to taste of1526
to go through ——1535
sustain1575
approve1578
try1578
experience1588
undergo1600
to run through ——1602
pree1806
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing v. ii. 52 Claudio vndergoes my challenge, and either I must shortly heare from him, or I will subscribe him a coward. View more context for this quotation
a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 22 Those Elders, who..had seen and undergone the wars of Canaan.
1650 Earl of Monmouth tr. J. F. Senault Man become Guilty 145 I foresee I cannot condemn this Action without under-going the jealousie of such.
1668 M. Hale Pref. Rolle's Abridgm. Pref. 2 It is a Posthumous work, which never underwent the last Hand or Pensil of the judicious Author.
1717 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 1 Apr. (1965) I. 339 Every year thousands undergo this Operation.
1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 96 The castle has under~gone its different sieges.
1827 D. Johnson Sketches Indian Field Sports (ed. 2) 155 The Hindoos every morning..undergo ablution.
1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop i. xvi. 178 It wouldn't do to let 'em see the present company undergoing repair.
1873 C. M. Davies Unorthodox London (1876) 81 I made up my mind to undergo a Sunday morning service at one of these churches.
c. To experience, pass through (a change or alteration).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > operation upon something > have effect on [verb (transitive)] > be subjected to or undergo an action > specific change or alteration
undergo1637
make1756
1637 J. Milton Comus 29 She reviv'd, And underwent a quicke, immortall change.
1711 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 225 I know not what Alterations the Stone may have underwent.
1765 Museum Rusticum 4 339 After this has undergone a strong fermentation.
1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan I. 23 Seeing the error of his ways he had undergone a conversion.
1848 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 III. iii. 116 The situation of the British forces..had undergone a rapid improvement.
1884 L. J. Jennings in Croker Papers I. iv. 116 His views underwent a very thorough change in course of time.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > have or possess [verb (transitive)] > possess and use or enjoy
joyc1330
to fare witha1340
rejoicea1375
joisea1400
rejoy?1455
wear1573
undergo1604
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. iv. 18 + 18 His vertues els be they..As infinite as man may vndergoe, Shall in the generall censure take corruption From that particuler fault.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. i. 23 If any in Vienna be of worth To vndergoe such ample grace, and honour, It is Lord Angelo. View more context for this quotation
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > endanger [verb (transitive)] > put at risk > run the risk or brave the dangers of
undergoc1315
venture1548
hazard1550
to venture on (also upon1557
run1592
dare1604
endanger?1611
risk1673
to run the venture of1723
court1930
to go nap on1959
c1315 Shoreham i. 288 Ȝet gret peryl hy vndergoþe Þat cristneþ twyes enne.
8. † b. To perform or discharge (an employment, office, etc.). Obsolete. (Common in 17th cent.)
a. To take in hand; to undertake. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake [verb (transitive)]
underfoc893
fandOE
onfangOE
undernimc1000
takec1175
to take tillc1175
to take toa1250
underfongc1330
undertakea1340
to take in (also on) handa1350
undertakec1385
attamec1386
to take in (also on) handc1390
embrace1393
emprisec1410
to put to one's hand (also hands)c1410
to go upon ——c1450
enterprise?1473
to set (one's) hand to1477
go?a1500
accept1524
assume1530
to hent in (also upon) handc1540
to swallow up1544
to take to task1546
to go into ——?1548
to set in hand1548
to fare about1563
entertain1569
undergo1606
to set about ——1611
to take up1660
to come at ——1901
1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 65 Make me no excuse On thy..vn-worthines To vnder-goe so great a Buisines.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) i. iii. 122 I haue mou'd already Some certaine of the Noblest minded Romans To vnder-goe, with me, an Enterprize.
1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. i. 108 Since him a perfect Agent we may call, Who first considers what he undergoes.
1739 J. Tull Horse-hoeing Husb. (1740) 252 [They] gave me such an Embarras, that if I had foreseen, I would not have underwent.
1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. viii. 670 Responsibility, thus limited,..he had no objection to undergo.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] > an office or function
takec1350
execute1387
servea1450
acquitc1460
supply?a1475
discharge1542
undergo1609
fungify1650
sustain1700
1609 S. Daniel Civile Wares (rev. ed.) iv. xvii. 91 Hauing the chiefest actions vnder-gone, Both forraine and domesticall of late.
1631 T. May tr. J. Barclay Mirrour of Mindes ii. 38 Few they are..able to undergoe perpetuall employment, and not confounded with the different face of businesse.
1667 S. Pepys Diary 11 Sept. (1974) VIII. 432 [He is] a very young man to undergo that place.
1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 266 It has been a Question among the Doctors, Whether an Executor may be compelled to undergo this Office?
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > have or bear (name)
beara1225
weara1586
carry1601
undergo1605
sustain1700
1605 Gunpowder Plot in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III. 26 Mr. Fawkes underwent the name of Mr. Percy's man.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas III. vii. xiv. 197 A large ape, which underwent the name of Cupid.
Derivatives
ˈunderˌgoing adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > [adjective]
angeredc1275
miseasedc1390
woea1398
forpainedc1400
labouringc1425
passive?a1439
painedc1450
loaden1542
sored1557
stressed1559
pinched1566
grieved1586
suffering1609
heavy-laden1611
undergoinga1616
vulned1628
loaded1661
afflicted1690
sick as a parrot1705
crosseda1732
wrung1862
traumatized1935
fraught1966
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 157 I haue..Vnder my burthen groan'd, which rais'd in me An vndergoing stomacke.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1921; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1876
v.c1000