tumultn.

Brit.

/ˈtjuːmʌlt/,

/ˈtʃuːmʌlt/, U.S.

/ˈt(j)uˌməlt/

Forms: Also Middle English–1500s -te.

Etymology: < Latin tumultus (u-stem), < tumēre to swell: compare French tumulte (12th cent. in Godefroy Compl.; in Old French also temulte, 1201 in Hatzfeld and Darmesteter).

a. Commotion of a multitude, usually with confused speech or uproar; public disturbance; disorderly or riotous proceeding.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > lack of peacefulness > [noun]

unfritheOE

unpeacea1325

unresta1382

hurling1387

tumult1412

hurlc1440

hurly-burlyc1440

unquietness?c1450

unpeaceableness?c1475

estoure1481

broilery1521

broiling1523

turmoil1526

brulyie1531

unquiet1551

troublesomeness1561

disrest1567

turbulence1598

hurly1600

turbulency1607

inquieta1684

brulyiement1718

agitation1769

dispeace1825

fudder1871

push and shove1895

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > [noun]

riot1400

tumult1412

misgovernail?a1439

rout1439

revel1462

tumultuationc1475

stir1487

rangat?a1513

rangale1513

turmoil1526

ruffle1532

confusion1555

disorder1558

roaring1617

mayhem1976

1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy ii. 5235 Al tumulte stinted, and silence Was þoruȝ þe pres, to ȝif hym audyence.

1562 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. I. 209 Ane seditious persone and rasar of tumult.

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 8 To avoid occasions of tumult.

a1718 M. Prior Henry & Emma 332 When the loud Tumult speaks the Battel nigh.

1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Leila ii. i. 59 The tumult of the camp was to him but a holiday exhibition.

b. (with plural) An instance of this; a popular commotion or disturbance; a riot, an insurrection.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > [noun] > a disturbance or riot

stormOE

disturbance1297

disturblancec1330

riota1393

disturbation1529

ruffle1534

upstir1549

tumult1560

embroilment1609

hubbuba1625

embroil1636

ruction1809

uproaring1827

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [noun] > an insurrection

uparisingc1325

rebelliona1382

risingc1390

risec1400

surrectionc1418

rebela1425

upsetc1425

insurrection1459

mutinewe?c1550

revolt1553

tumult1560

emotion1562

sedition1585

uprising1587

innovation1601

esmeute1652

turgency1660

émeute1782

outbreak1826

uprisal1871

upsurge1930

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxij^v It is like to styre vp suche tumultes in Germany.

c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 71 The late tumults in Belgia.

1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 68 The tumults of a conflagration.

1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) II. xii. 155 A tumult..in which the populace set fire to Milo's house.

†c. transferred. A disorderly crowd, a mob. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > the rabble > a rabble

ginga1275

frapaillec1330

rabblea1398

rascal1415

rafflea1450

mardlec1480

rabblement1543

riff-raff1570

rabble rout?1589

scum1597

skim1606

tumult1629

rebel rout1648

mob1688

drabble1789

attroopment1795

scuff1856

shower1936

1629 J. Gaule Practique Theories Christs Predict. 189 The Tumult shall know [that, etc.].

1649 Εἰκων Βασιλικη vi. 38 To see the barbarous rudenesse of those Tumults who resolved they would take the boldnesse to demand any thing.

2. gen. Commotion, agitation, disturbance; disorderly or noisy movement or action. Also plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > [noun]

winOE

disturbance1297

perturbingc1395

motiona1398

stirrage1513

turmoil1526

disquietness1535

buskling1546

jumbling1562

agitation1569

working1575

tumult1580

commotion1592

emotion1594

turbulence1598

bransle1603

pother1603

tumultuousnessa1617

unevennessa1637

unquietudea1639

disquietal1642

tumbling1660

disquietude1709

rouse1764

maelstrom1834

peacelessness1852

stir-up1900

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > violent or tumultuous action or outbreak

turmoil1526

tumult1580

hurlement1585

pother1603

hurricane1639

burst1649

flare-up1837

firestorm1957

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun]

winOE

torpelness?c1225

disturbance1297

workc1325

disturblingc1330

farec1330

frapec1330

disturbing1340

troublingc1340

blunderc1375

unresta1382

hurling1387

perturbationc1400

turbationc1400

rumblec1405

roara1413

rumourc1425

sturblance1435

troublec1435

stroublance1439

hurlc1440

hurly-burlyc1440

ruffling1440

stourc1440

rumblingc1450

sturbancec1450

unquietness?c1450

conturbationc1470

ruption1483

stir1487

wanrufe?a1505

rangat?a1513

business1514

turmoil1526

blommera1529

blunderinga1529

disturbation1529

bruyllie1535

garboil1543

bruslery1546

agitation1547

frayment1549

turmoiling1550

whirl1552

confusion1555

troublesomeness1561

rule1567

rummage1575

rabble1579

tumult1580

hurlement1585

rabblement1590

disturb1595

welter1596

coil1599

hurly1600

hurry1600

commotion1616

remotion1622

obturbation1623

stirrance1623

tumultuation1631

commoving1647

roiling1647

spudder1650

suffle1650

dissettlement1654

perturbancy1654

fermentationa1661

dissettledness1664

ferment1672

roil1690

hurry-scurry1753

vortex1761

rumpus1768

widdle1789

gilravagea1796

potheration1797

moil1824

festerment1833

burly1835

fidge1886

static1923

comess1944

frammis1946

bassa-bassa1956

1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David xxxv. viii Oh! on my soul let not these tumults hitt.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. vi. 76 It Thunders and Lightens... What tumult's in the Heauens?

1669 W. Charleton Mysterie of Vintners in Two Disc. 171 The tumult will..be recomposed, the liquor refined.

1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 176 Some..are averse to noise And hate the tumult half the world enjoys.

1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby I. i. iii. 37 His heart beat with tumult.

1862 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles (ed. 7) vi. 190 The fiercest tumult of the elements allays itself at last.

3. figurative. Great disturbance or agitation of mind or feeling; confused and violent emotion.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > [noun]

fever1340

motiona1398

quotidian?a1439

rufflea1535

commotion1581

fret1582

hurry1600

puddering1603

tumultuousnessa1617

trepidation1625

feverishness1638

boilingc1660

fermentationc1660

tumult1663

ferment1672

stickle1681

fuss1705

whirl1707

flurry1710

sweat1715

fluster1728

pucker1740

flutter1741

flustration1747

flutteration1753

tremor1753

swithera1768

twitteration1775

state1781

stew1806

scrow1808

tumultuating1815

flurrification1822

tew1825

purr1842

pirr1856

tête montée1859

go1866

faff1874

poultry flutter1876

palaver1878

thirl1879

razzle-dazzle1885

nervism1887

flurry-scurry1888

fikiness1889

foment1889

dither1891

swivet1892

flusterment1895

tither1896

overwroughtness1923

mania1925

stumer1932

tizzy1935

two and eight1938

snit1939

tizz1953

tiswas1960

wahala1966

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. ii. 248 Hostilitie, and ciuill tumult reignes Betweene my conscience, and my Cosins death. ]

1663 S. Patrick Parable of Pilgrim (1687) xxxi. 378 Such contrary passions..I cannot overcome..without suffering a great tumult and disorder.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 164. ¶1 A long Tumult of Passions, which naturally rise in a Lover's Heart.

1777 E. Burke Corr. (1844) II. 199 The wild tumult of joy that the news..caused.

1844 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VIII. lx. 31 A tumult of grief and indignation.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

tumultv.

Etymology: < tumult n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈtumult.

1. intransitive. To make a tumult, commotion, or disturbance; to raise an insurrection, to riot. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > rise in revolt [verb (intransitive)]

arisec825

onriseOE

rise?a1160

stirc1275

inrisea1300

upstanda1300

again-risea1382

rebela1382

raisea1400

insurge1532

to fall offa1535

revolt1548

to rise in arms1563

tumult1570

tumultuatea1734

insurrect1821

insurrectionize1841

to break into rebellion1876

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Piii^v/2 To Tumulte, tumultuare.

1616 J. Hayward Sanctuarie Troubled Soule (new ed.) ii. To Rdr. ⁋2 The sensuall powers did tumult, and breake loose.

1673 J. Milton Psalm II in Poems (new ed.) 131 Why do the Gentiles tumult.

1680 R. L'Estrange tr. Erasmus 20 Select Colloquies xviii. 235 Monks run up and down.., the Rabble Tumult, Erasmus writes Colloquies.

1864 [see tumulting n. at Derivatives].

2. transitive. To put into tumult; to agitate violently.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > cause nervous excitement or agitate [verb (transitive)]

to carry away?1529

agitate1591

fermentate1599

tumultuate1616

alarm1620

overwork1645

uncalm1650

flutter1664

pother1692

to set afloata1713

fluctuate1788

fuss1816

tumult1819

to break up1825

rile1857

to steam up1860

to shake up1884

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > agitate [verb (transitive)] > violently or convulsively

tempest1390

tempest-tossa1616

tumultuate1616

convulse1643

tumult1819

1819 ‘B. Cornwall’ Dramatic Scenes & Other Poems i My heart..seems tumulted By some delicious passion.

a1851 D. M. Moir To Wounded Ptarmigan in Poet. Wks. (1852) The snorting whale..In its anger tumults ocean.

Derivatives

ˈtumulting n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > [noun] > action of rioting

rout1429

tumultuating1611

tumulting1658

rioting1768

1658 Cromwell Speech 4 Feb. in Carlyle Lett. & Sp. (1871) V. 130 To stir up the people of this town into a tumulting.

1864 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia IV. xvii. ii. 519 Tired of..fighting and tumulting.

† ˈtumulter n. one who stirs up a tumult, a rioter (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > sedition > [noun] > seditious person

sower1380

kindler?c1450

stirrerc1450

subvertera1500

subverser1514

subvertor?1532

commotioner1549

provocator1559

seditioner1562

seedsman1587

tumulter1589

turmoiler1591

seditionary1607

seditiary1628

incendiary1631

patriot1644

embroiler1668

agitator1681

seditionist1786

agent provocateur1831

disquietist1834

insurrectionist1845

provocateur1855

galley-growler1867

1589 J. Horsey Most Solemne Coronation Emperor of Russia in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations 819 To subdue the tumulters, and mainteine quietnes.

1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. ii, in Wks. (1847) 497/1 He..punished the tumulters.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online June 2019).

单词	tumult
释义	tumultn. Brit. /ˈtjuːmʌlt/, /ˈtʃuːmʌlt/, U.S. /ˈt(j)uˌməlt/ Forms: Also Middle English–1500s -te. Etymology: < Latin tumultus (u-stem), < tumēre to swell: compare French tumulte (12th cent. in Godefroy Compl.; in Old French also temulte, 1201 in Hatzfeld and Darmesteter). 1. a. Commotion of a multitude, usually with confused speech or uproar; public disturbance; disorderly or riotous proceeding. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > lack of peacefulness > [noun] unfritheOE unpeacea1325 unresta1382 hurling1387 tumult1412 hurlc1440 hurly-burlyc1440 unquietness?c1450 unpeaceableness?c1475 estoure1481 broilery1521 broiling1523 turmoil1526 brulyie1531 unquiet1551 troublesomeness1561 disrest1567 turbulence1598 hurly1600 turbulency1607 inquieta1684 brulyiement1718 agitation1769 dispeace1825 fudder1871 push and shove1895 society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > [noun] riot1400 tumult1412 misgovernail?a1439 rout1439 revel1462 tumultuationc1475 stir1487 rangat?a1513 rangale1513 turmoil1526 ruffle1532 confusion1555 disorder1558 roaring1617 mayhem1976 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy ii. 5235 Al tumulte stinted, and silence Was þoruȝ þe pres, to ȝif hym audyence. 1562 Reg. Privy Council Scotl. I. 209 Ane seditious persone and rasar of tumult. 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 8 To avoid occasions of tumult. a1718 M. Prior Henry & Emma 332 When the loud Tumult speaks the Battel nigh. 1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Leila ii. i. 59 The tumult of the camp was to him but a holiday exhibition. b. (with plural) An instance of this; a popular commotion or disturbance; a riot, an insurrection. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > [noun] > a disturbance or riot stormOE disturbance1297 disturblancec1330 riota1393 disturbation1529 ruffle1534 upstir1549 tumult1560 embroilment1609 hubbuba1625 embroil1636 ruction1809 uproaring1827 society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [noun] > an insurrection uparisingc1325 rebelliona1382 risingc1390 risec1400 surrectionc1418 rebela1425 upsetc1425 insurrection1459 mutinewe?c1550 revolt1553 tumult1560 emotion1562 sedition1585 uprising1587 innovation1601 esmeute1652 turgency1660 émeute1782 outbreak1826 uprisal1871 upsurge1930 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxij^v It is like to styre vp suche tumultes in Germany. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 71 The late tumults in Belgia. 1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 68 The tumults of a conflagration. 1838 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) II. xii. 155 A tumult..in which the populace set fire to Milo's house. †c. transferred. A disorderly crowd, a mob. rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > the rabble > a rabble ginga1275 frapaillec1330 rabblea1398 rascal1415 rafflea1450 mardlec1480 rabblement1543 riff-raff1570 rabble rout?1589 scum1597 skim1606 tumult1629 rebel rout1648 mob1688 drabble1789 attroopment1795 scuff1856 shower1936 1629 J. Gaule Practique Theories Christs Predict. 189 The Tumult shall know [that, etc.]. 1649 Εἰκων Βασιλικη vi. 38 To see the barbarous rudenesse of those Tumults who resolved they would take the boldnesse to demand any thing. 2. gen. Commotion, agitation, disturbance; disorderly or noisy movement or action. Also plural. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > [noun] winOE disturbance1297 perturbingc1395 motiona1398 stirrage1513 turmoil1526 disquietness1535 buskling1546 jumbling1562 agitation1569 working1575 tumult1580 commotion1592 emotion1594 turbulence1598 bransle1603 pother1603 tumultuousnessa1617 unevennessa1637 unquietudea1639 disquietal1642 tumbling1660 disquietude1709 rouse1764 maelstrom1834 peacelessness1852 stir-up1900 the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > violent or tumultuous action or outbreak turmoil1526 tumult1580 hurlement1585 pother1603 hurricane1639 burst1649 flare-up1837 firestorm1957 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun] winOE torpelness?c1225 disturbance1297 workc1325 disturblingc1330 farec1330 frapec1330 disturbing1340 troublingc1340 blunderc1375 unresta1382 hurling1387 perturbationc1400 turbationc1400 rumblec1405 roara1413 rumourc1425 sturblance1435 troublec1435 stroublance1439 hurlc1440 hurly-burlyc1440 ruffling1440 stourc1440 rumblingc1450 sturbancec1450 unquietness?c1450 conturbationc1470 ruption1483 stir1487 wanrufe?a1505 rangat?a1513 business1514 turmoil1526 blommera1529 blunderinga1529 disturbation1529 bruyllie1535 garboil1543 bruslery1546 agitation1547 frayment1549 turmoiling1550 whirl1552 confusion1555 troublesomeness1561 rule1567 rummage1575 rabble1579 tumult1580 hurlement1585 rabblement1590 disturb1595 welter1596 coil1599 hurly1600 hurry1600 commotion1616 remotion1622 obturbation1623 stirrance1623 tumultuation1631 commoving1647 roiling1647 spudder1650 suffle1650 dissettlement1654 perturbancy1654 fermentationa1661 dissettledness1664 ferment1672 roil1690 hurry-scurry1753 vortex1761 rumpus1768 widdle1789 gilravagea1796 potheration1797 moil1824 festerment1833 burly1835 fidge1886 static1923 comess1944 frammis1946 bassa-bassa1956 1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David xxxv. viii Oh! on my soul let not these tumults hitt. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. vi. 76 It Thunders and Lightens... What tumult's in the Heauens? 1669 W. Charleton Mysterie of Vintners in Two Disc. 171 The tumult will..be recomposed, the liquor refined. 1781 W. Cowper Retirem. 176 Some..are averse to noise And hate the tumult half the world enjoys. 1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby I. i. iii. 37 His heart beat with tumult. 1862 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles (ed. 7) vi. 190 The fiercest tumult of the elements allays itself at last. 3. figurative. Great disturbance or agitation of mind or feeling; confused and violent emotion. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > [noun] fever1340 motiona1398 quotidian?a1439 rufflea1535 commotion1581 fret1582 hurry1600 puddering1603 tumultuousnessa1617 trepidation1625 feverishness1638 boilingc1660 fermentationc1660 tumult1663 ferment1672 stickle1681 fuss1705 whirl1707 flurry1710 sweat1715 fluster1728 pucker1740 flutter1741 flustration1747 flutteration1753 tremor1753 swithera1768 twitteration1775 state1781 stew1806 scrow1808 tumultuating1815 flurrification1822 tew1825 purr1842 pirr1856 tête montée1859 go1866 faff1874 poultry flutter1876 palaver1878 thirl1879 razzle-dazzle1885 nervism1887 flurry-scurry1888 fikiness1889 foment1889 dither1891 swivet1892 flusterment1895 tither1896 overwroughtness1923 mania1925 stumer1932 tizzy1935 two and eight1938 snit1939 tizz1953 tiswas1960 wahala1966 a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. ii. 248 Hostilitie, and ciuill tumult reignes Betweene my conscience, and my Cosins death. View more context for this quotation] 1663 S. Patrick Parable of Pilgrim (1687) xxxi. 378 Such contrary passions..I cannot overcome..without suffering a great tumult and disorder. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 164. ¶1 A long Tumult of Passions, which naturally rise in a Lover's Heart. 1777 E. Burke Corr. (1844) II. 199 The wild tumult of joy that the news..caused. 1844 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VIII. lx. 31 A tumult of grief and indignation. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online June 2022). tumultv. Etymology: < tumult n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈtumult. 1. intransitive. To make a tumult, commotion, or disturbance; to raise an insurrection, to riot. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > rise in revolt [verb (intransitive)] arisec825 onriseOE rise?a1160 stirc1275 inrisea1300 upstanda1300 again-risea1382 rebela1382 raisea1400 insurge1532 to fall offa1535 revolt1548 to rise in arms1563 tumult1570 tumultuatea1734 insurrect1821 insurrectionize1841 to break into rebellion1876 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Piii^v/2 To Tumulte, tumultuare. 1616 J. Hayward Sanctuarie Troubled Soule (new ed.) ii. To Rdr. ⁋2 The sensuall powers did tumult, and breake loose. 1673 J. Milton Psalm II in Poems (new ed.) 131 Why do the Gentiles tumult. 1680 R. L'Estrange tr. Erasmus 20 Select Colloquies xviii. 235 Monks run up and down.., the Rabble Tumult, Erasmus writes Colloquies. 1864 [see tumulting n. at Derivatives]. 2. transitive. To put into tumult; to agitate violently. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > excitement > nervous excitement > cause nervous excitement or agitate [verb (transitive)] to carry away?1529 agitate1591 fermentate1599 tumultuate1616 alarm1620 overwork1645 uncalm1650 flutter1664 pother1692 to set afloata1713 fluctuate1788 fuss1816 tumult1819 to break up1825 rile1857 to steam up1860 to shake up1884 the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > agitate [verb (transitive)] > violently or convulsively tempest1390 tempest-tossa1616 tumultuate1616 convulse1643 tumult1819 1819 ‘B. Cornwall’ Dramatic Scenes & Other Poems i My heart..seems tumulted By some delicious passion. a1851 D. M. Moir To Wounded Ptarmigan in Poet. Wks. (1852) The snorting whale..In its anger tumults ocean. Derivatives ˈtumulting n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > unruliness > disorder or riot > [noun] > action of rioting rout1429 tumultuating1611 tumulting1658 rioting1768 1658 Cromwell Speech 4 Feb. in Carlyle Lett. & Sp. (1871) V. 130 To stir up the people of this town into a tumulting. 1864 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia IV. xvii. ii. 519 Tired of..fighting and tumulting. † ˈtumulter n. one who stirs up a tumult, a rioter (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > sedition > [noun] > seditious person sower1380 kindler?c1450 stirrerc1450 subvertera1500 subverser1514 subvertor?1532 commotioner1549 provocator1559 seditioner1562 seedsman1587 tumulter1589 turmoiler1591 seditionary1607 seditiary1628 incendiary1631 patriot1644 embroiler1668 agitator1681 seditionist1786 agent provocateur1831 disquietist1834 insurrectionist1845 provocateur1855 galley-growler1867 1589 J. Horsey Most Solemne Coronation Emperor of Russia in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations 819 To subdue the tumulters, and mainteine quietnes. 1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. ii, in Wks. (1847) 497/1 He..punished the tumulters. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.1412v.1570
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