| 单词 | built-in obsolescence | 
| 释义 | > as lemmasbuilt-in obsolescence   built-in obsolescence n. the practice or process whereby a manufactured product is deliberately intended to become non-functional, obsolete, or undesirable after a limited amount of time, in order to induce consumers to replace the product more frequently; the result of this practice or process; also figurative; = planned obsolescence n. at planned adj. Compounds.Ways in which this practice is implemented include the use of non-durable materials, frequent changes of design, and the discontinuation of customer support and the supply of spare parts. ΘΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > non-use > 			[noun]		 > falling out of use > making obsolete > deliberately, of manufactured goods planned obsolescence1932 1950    Everyday Art Q. Summer 15/2  				Such an opinion of public taste..should strengthen the belief of manufacturers in the desirability of honest evolution and refinement, instead of built-in obsolescence. 1969    New Scientist 25 Sept. 648/1  				We will undoubtedly have a formidable litter problem in our ‘throw away’ world..from..household equipment with built-in obsolescence. 1996    Rolling Stone 18 Apr. 44/3  				They may even escape the built-in obsolescence that's endemic among bubble-grunge bands. 2016    O. Diegel et al.  in  S. S. Muthu  & M. Savalani Handbk. Sustainability in Additive Manufacturing I. 75  				Built-in obsolescence exists in many different products, from vehicles to light bulbs to proprietary software. < as lemmas | 
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