turbulencen.

/ˈtəːbjʊləns/

Forms: Also 1600s -ance.

Etymology: < Latin turbulentia, < turbulentus turbulent adj.: see -ence suffix: compare French turbulance, -ence (14th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), perhaps the immediate source.

1. The state or quality of being turbulent; violent commotion, agitation, or disturbance; disorderly or tumultuous character or conduct; with a and plural, an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > [noun]

winOE

disturbance1297

perturbingc1395

motiona1398

stirrage1513

turmoil1526

disquietness1535

buskling1546

jumbling1562

agitation1569

working1575

tumult1580

commotion1592

emotion1594

turbulence1598

bransle1603

pother1603

tumultuousnessa1617

unevennessa1637

unquietudea1639

disquietal1642

tumbling1660

disquietude1709

rouse1764

maelstrom1834

peacelessness1852

stir-up1900

society > society and the community > dissent > lack of peacefulness > [noun]

unfritheOE

unpeacea1325

unresta1382

hurling1387

tumult1412

hurlc1440

hurly-burlyc1440

unquietness?c1450

unpeaceableness?c1475

estoure1481

broilery1521

broiling1523

turmoil1526

brulyie1531

unquiet1551

troublesomeness1561

disrest1567

turbulence1598

hurly1600

turbulency1607

inquieta1684

brulyiement1718

agitation1769

dispeace1825

fudder1871

push and shove1895

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun] > violent

tempestc1315

combustion1589

turbulence1598

turbulency1607

turbulentness1610

simoom1813

tornado1818

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Torbolenza, turbulence, disturbance.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. iii. 11 I haue dreamt Of bloudy turbulence .

1639 in J. Nicholson Minute Bk. War Comm. Covenanters Kirkcudbright (1855) App. 231 Whatsomever tumilts and turbulances that shall happen to fall out.

1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. II. v. 4 The turbulence of youth..gradually subsided.

1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 78 It required all the personal influence of the king to check the turbulence of his irritated followers.

1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches (1873) III. i. i. 5 A temporary retreat from the turbulence of ecclesiastical politics.

2. Of natural conditions: Stormy or tempestuous state or action; violence.

ΚΠ

1730 J. Thomson Winter in Seasons 194 Congregated clouds, And all the vapoury turbulence of heaven.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. viii. 82 The turbulence of the weather.

1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions I. 301 Capable of resisting the turbulence of the ocean.

1862 E. M. Goulburn Thoughts Personal Relig. iii. vii. 205 Think of Him as calm..amidst the most furious agitations and turbulences of nature.

3. Of fluid flow (see turbulent adj. 2c).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > [noun] > movement of flow > irregular or not steady

turbulence1907

1907 F. W. Lanchester Aerodynamics ii. 53 When a certain critical velocity is exceeded the continuity is broken and the phenomenon of turbulence manifests itself.

1922 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics I. 299/2 The important part played by turbulence in reducing the time of explosion in actual engines, and thus rendering high revolution speeds practicable.

1928 W. N. Shaw Man. Metereol. II. vi. 284 The variation of wind with height is now treated as the effect of turbulence or eddy-motion in the moving air.

1935 Discovery Oct. 390/2 This is remedied either by small fans or, automatically, by injecting some cold air from the dehumidifier with the heated air, causing a form of turbulence in the enclosure.

1980 R. P. Benedict Fund. Pipe Flow iv. 141 A stability theory has been given that explains the origin of turbulence in terms of arbitrary small disturbances which initiate instabilities in the laminar boundary layer.

4. Mechanical disturbance produced in order to speed up the process of combustion in an internal combustion engine.

ΚΠ

1923 H. R. Ricardo Internal-combustion Engine II. 88 We have to rely almost entirely on turbulence or mechanical disturbance to distribute the wan and timid flame rapidly through the combustible mixture.

1931 J. A. Polson Internal Combustion Engines 42 Experiments were conducted both with turbulence and without turbulence of the gaseous mixture. Turbulence was produced by means of a small motor-driven fan.

5. The spirally curved path given to the gas entering the cylinders under pressure as used in supercharged (internal combustion) engines for increasing efficiency.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	turbulence
释义	turbulencen. /ˈtəːbjʊləns/ Forms: Also 1600s -ance. Etymology: < Latin turbulentia, < turbulentus turbulent adj.: see -ence suffix: compare French turbulance, -ence (14th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter), perhaps the immediate source. 1. The state or quality of being turbulent; violent commotion, agitation, or disturbance; disorderly or tumultuous character or conduct; with a and plural, an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > irregular movement or agitation > [noun] winOE disturbance1297 perturbingc1395 motiona1398 stirrage1513 turmoil1526 disquietness1535 buskling1546 jumbling1562 agitation1569 working1575 tumult1580 commotion1592 emotion1594 turbulence1598 bransle1603 pother1603 tumultuousnessa1617 unevennessa1637 unquietudea1639 disquietal1642 tumbling1660 disquietude1709 rouse1764 maelstrom1834 peacelessness1852 stir-up1900 society > society and the community > dissent > lack of peacefulness > [noun] unfritheOE unpeacea1325 unresta1382 hurling1387 tumult1412 hurlc1440 hurly-burlyc1440 unquietness?c1450 unpeaceableness?c1475 estoure1481 broilery1521 broiling1523 turmoil1526 brulyie1531 unquiet1551 troublesomeness1561 disrest1567 turbulence1598 hurly1600 turbulency1607 inquieta1684 brulyiement1718 agitation1769 dispeace1825 fudder1871 push and shove1895 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > commotion, disturbance, or disorder > [noun] > violent tempestc1315 combustion1589 turbulence1598 turbulency1607 turbulentness1610 simoom1813 tornado1818 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Torbolenza, turbulence, disturbance. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. iii. 11 I haue dreamt Of bloudy turbulence . View more context for this quotation 1639 in J. Nicholson Minute Bk. War Comm. Covenanters Kirkcudbright (1855) App. 231 Whatsomever tumilts and turbulances that shall happen to fall out. 1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. II. v. 4 The turbulence of youth..gradually subsided. 1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 78 It required all the personal influence of the king to check the turbulence of his irritated followers. 1853 J. H. Newman Hist. Sketches (1873) III. i. i. 5 A temporary retreat from the turbulence of ecclesiastical politics. 2. Of natural conditions: Stormy or tempestuous state or action; violence. ΚΠ 1730 J. Thomson Winter in Seasons 194 Congregated clouds, And all the vapoury turbulence of heaven. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. viii. 82 The turbulence of the weather. 1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions I. 301 Capable of resisting the turbulence of the ocean. 1862 E. M. Goulburn Thoughts Personal Relig. iii. vii. 205 Think of Him as calm..amidst the most furious agitations and turbulences of nature. 3. Of fluid flow (see turbulent adj. 2c). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > [noun] > movement of flow > irregular or not steady turbulence1907 1907 F. W. Lanchester Aerodynamics ii. 53 When a certain critical velocity is exceeded the continuity is broken and the phenomenon of turbulence manifests itself. 1922 R. Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics I. 299/2 The important part played by turbulence in reducing the time of explosion in actual engines, and thus rendering high revolution speeds practicable. 1928 W. N. Shaw Man. Metereol. II. vi. 284 The variation of wind with height is now treated as the effect of turbulence or eddy-motion in the moving air. 1935 Discovery Oct. 390/2 This is remedied either by small fans or, automatically, by injecting some cold air from the dehumidifier with the heated air, causing a form of turbulence in the enclosure. 1980 R. P. Benedict Fund. Pipe Flow iv. 141 A stability theory has been given that explains the origin of turbulence in terms of arbitrary small disturbances which initiate instabilities in the laminar boundary layer. 4. Mechanical disturbance produced in order to speed up the process of combustion in an internal combustion engine. ΚΠ 1923 H. R. Ricardo Internal-combustion Engine II. 88 We have to rely almost entirely on turbulence or mechanical disturbance to distribute the wan and timid flame rapidly through the combustible mixture. 1931 J. A. Polson Internal Combustion Engines 42 Experiments were conducted both with turbulence and without turbulence of the gaseous mixture. Turbulence was produced by means of a small motor-driven fan. 5. The spirally curved path given to the gas entering the cylinders under pressure as used in supercharged (internal combustion) engines for increasing efficiency. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1915; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.1598
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