bronzen.
/brɒnz/, U.S. /brɑnz/ 1.
a. A brown-coloured alloy of copper and tin, sometimes also containing a little zinc and lead. Formerly included under the term brass n.; the name bronze was introduced for the material of ancient works of art, or perhaps rather for the works of art themselves: see sense 2.The ratio of the constituents in ordinary bronze is about 8 or 9 parts of copper to 1 of tin; in bell-metal the proportion of tin is much greater. See bell-metal n. (A bronze currency was introduced in Great Britain instead of copper in 1860; but from traditional habit, a bronze coin is still called familiarly ‘a copper’.)
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > bronze
bronze1739
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. ii. iii. 170 The brasen Serpent..was of mixt mettall, vulgarly [i.e. in the vulgar Italian tongue] called di bronzo.]
1739 T. Gray Let. 22 May in Corr. (1971) I. 108 Nymphs and tritons, all in bronze.
1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Bronze (bronze Fr.) 1 Brass. 2 Relief or statue cast in brass.
1806 Drennan Imit. Juvenal Sat. viii, in Poet. Register (1806) 131 With ancestry around you plac'd In bronze, or marble, porcelain or paste.
1835 W. Irving Tour on Prairies 50 Like figures of monumental bronze.
1854 J. Scoffern in Orr's Circle Sci., Chem. Chem. 492 Statue bronze contains only about two per cent. of tin, melted with ninety-one per cent. of copper, six per cent. of zinc, and one per cent. of lead.
1866 G. Stephens Old-Northern Runic Monuments I. i. 74 The Age of Bronze follows the Stone Age and precedes the Age of Iron.
1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 13 Feb. 10/2 The prisoner..had in his possession 3s. 6d. in silver and 3s. 4d. in bronze.
b. aluminium-bronze: see aluminium n. and adj. Compounds 3. phosphor-bronze n. an alloy consisting of bronze or copper with a small proportion of phosphorus added, which increases its tenacity.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > bronze > types of
gunmetal1541
white bronze1834
findrinny1839
phosphor-bronze1875
plastic bronze1897
sentoku1902
lead bronze1937
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 555 Experiments on the capacity of phosphor-bronze to resist the oxidation of sea-water.
1878 Printing Trades Jrnl. xxv. 10 In the construction of this beautiful engine steel and phosphor-bronze are used.
c. bronze medal: a medal of bronze, usually one awarded for achieving third place in a competition or athletic contest, as in the Olympic Games (see also quot. 1984); cf. medal n. 2b. Also elliptical as bronze.
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society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > [noun] > winning or win > awards and prizes
garland?a1513
plate1639
cupc1640
dog plate1686
gold medal1694
gold cup1718
sweepstake1773
trophy1822
bronze medal1852
shield1868
statuette1875
pot1885
team honours1895
letter1897
silver medal1908
school colour1913
gold1945
bronze1960
silver1960
Fed Cup1965
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > [noun] > award for merit > decoration > medal > specific
gold medal1694
Albert medal1850
bronze medal1852
silver medal1908
B.E.M.1941
gold1945
1852 C. Fox Let. 29 Sept. in Jrnls. (1972) 207 They have not hesitated to give Anna Maria two bronze medals.
1908 T. A. Cook Olympic Games i. 16 For all these gold, silver, and bronze prize medals have been allotted.
1960 Times 5 Sept. 4/6 Italy..gained a silver and a bronze.
1976 All about Games (Com. Org. des Jeux Olympiques) 20 Canada entered an official 91-member team which won three gold, three silver, and seven bronze medals.
1984 Daily Tel. 25 Apr. 20/4 In December Berry [sc. a lifeboatman] saved two more lives—and won a bronze medal.
2. (with plural) A work of art, as a statue, etc., executed in bronze.
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > modelling > [noun] > casting methods > cast
bronzea1721
plaster cast1773
plaster-bronze1898
a1721 M. Prior Alma iii How little gives thee joy or pain; A print, a bronze, a flower, a root.
1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 217 Its bronzes and bas-reliefs are also very important.
1871 J. Morley Crit. Misc. (1886) I. 67 Gay with the clocks, the bronzes, the tapestries, of the ruined court.
a. Impudence, unblushingness. (Cf. brass n. 4.)
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the mind > emotion > pride > impudence > [noun] > shamelessness
unshamefulnessc950
unshamefastness?a1400
shamelessness1540
unshameless1555
shamefastness1589
unshamefacedness1596
flagrancy1599
blatancy1610
flagrance1634
brass1642
frontlessness1698
barefacedness1702
bronze1729
coolness1751
shamefacedness1827
bold-facedness1832
brazenness1861
unblushingness1891
1729 A. Pope Dunciad (new ed.) iii. 195 Imbrown'd with native Bronze, lo Henley stands.
1768 O. Goldsmith Good Natur'd Man ii. 24 Mrs. Croaker. You don't want assurance when you come to solicit for your friends. Lofty. O, there indeed I'm a bronze.
1823 Ld. Byron (title) The Age of Bronze.
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the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > trickery, playing jokes > [noun] > false tale
bam1728
bronze1817
canard1843
bluff1846
sleigh-ride1931
blag1962
1817 Edinb. Monthly Mag. 1 137 This is not a ‘bronze’—no story of fancy.
4. (More fully bronze powder: see Compounds 2): A metallic powder (usually brass, copper, or tin) used in painting, printing, and the like.
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the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > types of
lac1558
purpurin1558
colourish1598
earth1598
watercolour1598
earth colour1658
encaustic1662
lake1684
virgin tint1706
mosaic gold1746
bronze1753
gold bronze1769
cake colour1784
musive gold1796
sap-colour1816
repaint1827
moist colour1842
bronze powder1846
wax-colour1854
wax pigment1854
bitumen1855
chrome garnet1876
zinc-dust1877
zinc-powder1881
terra nera1882
earth pigment1900
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Bronze, also denotes a colour prepared by the colourmen of Paris.
1846 Print. Appar. Amateurs 47 Printing in gold, silver and copper bronzes.
1854 Brandeis Acc. New York Exhib. in Ure Dict. Arts I. 539 Bronzes, or more correctly metallic powders resembling gold dust, were invented in 1648, by a monk, at Furth, in Bavaria.
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 540 Vanadate of copper has..been recommended as a new bronze.
5. A brown colour like that of bronze.
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the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > bronze
bronze1818
1818 Ld. Byron Beppo xlii. 22 The rich peasant-cheek of ruddy bronze.
6.
a. Made of bronze.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [adjective] > bronze
bronze1839
bronzen1859
bronze-gilt1877
1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) I. 237 The first bronze statue was probably much later than the age of Homer.
1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art i. 23 Bronze crosses of honour.
1875 W. S. Jevons Money (1878) 121 The bronze coinage.
b. Of the colour of bronze, bronze-coloured.
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the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [adjective] > bronze
bronze1828
bronzine1853
bronzy1863
bronze-golden1882
1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. II. 274 Legs spinous, of a shining black bronze-colour.
1872 C. King Mountaineering in Sierra Nevada xiii. 276 Deep bronze foliage.
1883 Truth 31 May 768/2 Scarlet stockings and bronze boots.
Compounds
C1. attributive.
a.
bronze-smith n.
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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > bronze workers
bronze-founder1839
bronze-smith1841
bronzer1865
1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 330 The guilds of tradesmen in Rome..comprehended the goldsmiths, the bronzesmiths, the carpenters.
b. Instrumental.
bronze-bound adj.
bronze-gleaming adj.
bronze-shod adj.
c. Adverbial.
bronze-golden adj.
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the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [adjective] > bronze
bronze1828
bronzine1853
bronzy1863
bronze-golden1882
1882 Garden 10 June 399/2 Its bronze-golden flowers.
bronze-purple adj.
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1880 W. Black White Wings xx A strange bronze-purple gloom.
d. Parasynthetic.
bronze-faced adj.
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the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > tan > [adjective]
brownc1384
nut-brownc1503
weather-beaten1530
tanned1564
tan-faced1614
tan-skinned1614
brown-complexioned1704
tanninga1717
brown-skinned1745
suntanned1796
well-tanned1815
weather-bronzed1837
bronzed1842
weather-tanned1853
saddle-coloured1854
bronze-faced1896
tan1963
1896 Godey's Mag. Apr. 404/1 That gentle figure of contentment, bronze-faced and white-apparelled.
bronze-foreheaded adj.
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1851 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice I. App. xvii. 393 Not all the tubular bridges nor engineering of ten thousand nineteenth centuries cast into one great bronze-foreheaded century.
C2.
bronze-backer n. U.S. angler's name for the black bass.
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the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Centrarchidae (sun-fish) > [noun] > member of genus Micropterus (black bass)
trout1604
black perch1685
Welshman1709
Oswego bass1758
river bass1820
Oswego1857
ringeye1877
slough bass1877
small-mouthed bass1877
smallmouth1880
smallmouth bass1880
smallmouth black bass1880
small-mouthed black bass1881
trout-perch1883
bronze-backer1888
smallie1952
1888 G. B. Goode Amer. Fishes 56 ‘Bronze-backer’ is one of its pet names among the anglers.
1894 Outing 24 452/1 This old bronze-backer [sc. small-mouth bass] weighed..six pounds and five ounces.
bronze diabetes n. a disorder of iron metabolism in which hæmosiderin is deposited in the tissues and the skin becomes bronzed; also called hæmochromatosis.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > metabolic disorders > [noun] > diabetes > types of
insipid diabetes1883
bronzed diabetes1898
haemochromatosis1899
bronze diabetes1901
type 11977
type 21977
1900 E. Kleen On Diabetes Mellitus iv. 137 Bronze-colored diabetes generally appears in men between forty and sixty years old.]
1901 Dunglison's Dict. Med. Sci. (ed. 22) 1214/2 Bronze diabetes, diabetes accompanied with pigmentation of various secretory organs and with sclerosis of the liver and pancreas.
1966 P. E. Lacy in W. A. D. Anderson Pathology (ed. 5) II. xxix. 958/2 The term ‘bronze diabetes’ is sometimes used since increased pigmentation of the skin, diabetes mellitus, and cirrhosis of the liver may be present in hemochromatosis.
bronze disease n. a form of corrosion affecting the surface of bronze.
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the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [noun] > corrosion > of bronze
bronze disease1925
1925 Fink & Eldridge Restoration Anc. Bronzes 42 The usual immediate cause of the bronze disease is the presence of a trace of chloride, and the action is..electrolytic.
1961 Antiquaries Jrnl. 41 31 The bucranium..has a few spots of active copper chloride (‘bronze disease’).
bronze-founder n. one who founds or casts bronze, or fashions articles of bronze.
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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > bronze workers
bronze-founder1839
bronze-smith1841
bronzer1865
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 333 The bronze-founder should study to obtain a rapid fusion.
bronze founding n.
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society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > founding or casting > types of
iron founding1793
bronze founding1869
chill-casting1879
die-casting1911
core-casting1928
slush casting1930
sand casting1939
gravity die-casting1940
investment casting1946
slipforming1968
pressure casting1973
1869 Van Nostrand's Eclectic Engin. Mag. I. 834/1 Brass and bronze-founding is much more of a speciality in France..than it has (hitherto at least) ever been in England.
1885 Eng. Illustr. Mag. Mar. 413/1 There are two methods of bronze founding.
1897 Daily News 18 Jan. 6/4 Two works which Benvenuto Cellini wrote..on bronze founding.
bronze-gilt n. made of bronze and covered with gilding (cf. silver gilt n.).
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [adjective] > bronze
bronze1839
bronzen1859
bronze-gilt1877
1877 W. Jones Finger-ring Lore 207 Bronze-gilt Papal rings.
bronze-liquor n. any liquor used for bronzing.
bronze man n. Archaeology a man living in the bronze period.
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society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [noun] > person of specific prehistoric culture > Bronze Age
bronze man1874
1874 A. H. Sayce Princ. Compar. Philol. iii. 114 The Etruscans may have been the bronze-men of the Swiss lakes.
bronze paint n. (see quot.).
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the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > colouring matter > [noun] > paint
bronze paint1875
1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 539 Bronze paint, commonly called gold paint, is made by mixing gold-coloured bronze powder with pure turpentine.
bronze period n. Archaeology = Bronze Age n.
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society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [noun] > Bronze Age
Bronze Agec1842
bronze period1851
1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. ii. i. 209 The advent of the Bronze Period among the Teutonic races.
1861 Sat. Rev. 7 Sept. 253 Belonging to the earliest or archaic bronze period.
bronze powder n. = sense 4.
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the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > types of
lac1558
purpurin1558
colourish1598
earth1598
watercolour1598
earth colour1658
encaustic1662
lake1684
virgin tint1706
mosaic gold1746
bronze1753
gold bronze1769
cake colour1784
musive gold1796
sap-colour1816
repaint1827
moist colour1842
bronze powder1846
wax-colour1854
wax pigment1854
bitumen1855
chrome garnet1876
zinc-dust1877
zinc-powder1881
terra nera1882
earth pigment1900
1846 Print. Appar. Amateurs 47 The bronze powder is then applied to each impression.
ˈbronze-wing n. a kind of pigeon ( Phaps chalcoptera) found in Australasia.
ΚΠ
1859 H. Kingsley Recoll. Geoffry Hamlyn II. ix. 69 You've no more fight in you than a bronsewing.
bronze-winged pigeon n. (also bronze-winged pigeon) = bronze-wing n.
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the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > [noun] > family Columbidae > member of genus Phaps > phaps chalcoptera (bronze-wing)
bronze-winged pigeon1832
bronze-wing pigeon1835
squatter1872
squatter pigeon1881
1832 in Bischoff Van Diemen's Land ii. 31 The pigeons are by far the most beautiful birds in the island; they are called bronze winged pigeons.
1832 J. Bischoff Sketch Hist. Van Diemen's Land II. 31 By far the most beautiful birds in the island..are called bronze-winged pigeons.
1852 G. C. Mundy Our Antipodes III. ii. 48 I killed..a few bronzed-winged pigeons.
1897 Daily News 24 May 9/4 A pair of Smith's partridge bronze-winged pigeons (Geophaps Smithi) from Northern Queensland.
1927 M. M. Bennett Christison of Lammermoor vii. 72 A bronzewinged pigeon flew past him.
bronze-wing pigeon n.
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the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > [noun] > family Columbidae > member of genus Phaps > phaps chalcoptera (bronze-wing)
bronze-winged pigeon1832
bronze-wing pigeon1835
squatter1872
squatter pigeon1881
1835 T. L. Mitchell Jrnl. 10 Aug. in Three Exped. (1838) I. 305 The bronze-wing pigeon was..the most numerous of that kind of bird.
1936 F. Clune Roaming round Darling xvii. 162 There seemed an unlimited supply of bronze-wing and top-knot pigeons.
1961 Coast to Coast 1959–60 60 A bronze-wing pigeon, lurking in the fine sand, whirred away from almost under my feet.
Draft additions January 2009
bronze liver n. now rare or disused. dark brown or greyish-black discoloration of the liver, caused by the accumulation of pigment in malaria.
ΚΠ
1841 T. Stewardson in Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 1 296 Liver of a natural size, flabby, of a bronze colour, which becomes livid in the small lobe; internally of a uniform light bronze colour.]
1843 Med. News & Libr. 25 96/1 One of the finest specimens he had ever seen of the ‘Bronze Liver’, described by Dr. Stewardson of Philadelphia in his paper in the American Journal of the Medical Sciences.
1859 Trans. Med. Soc. County of Kings 321 The liver was very dark, between a purple and a chocolate color. This description agrees tolerably well with the so-called ‘bronze liver’ of bilious remittent fever.
1903 J. M. Anders Text-bk. Pract. Med. (ed. 6) 89 The pigment that is found in the form of granular masses in all the hepatic tissue-elements..gives to the organ a bronzed appearance (‘bronze liver’).
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
bronzev.
/brɒnz/, U.S. /brɑnz/ 1. transitive. To give a bronze-like surface or appearance to (metal, wood, etc.) by any mechanical or chemical process.
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the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > making or becoming brown > make brown [verb (transitive)] > make bronze
bronze1645
1645 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 196 Figures in plaster and pasteboard, which so resemble copper that..they cannot be distinguished, he has so rare an art of bronzing them.
1846 G. N. Wright Cream Sci. Knowl. 61 The art of bronzing consists in painting the substance to be bronzed of a dark-green colour, and then rubbing the prominences with bronze-coloured dust.
a1852 T. Moore K. Crack vi. 2 Mending their legs and new bronzing their faces.
2. figurative. To render unfeeling or shameless; to harden, to ‘steel’.
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the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > make emotionally unfeeling [verb (transitive)] > make shameless or thick-skinned
braze1604
bronze1726
1726 C. D'Anvers Craftsman (ed. 3) xvi. 137 His face was bronzed over with a glare of confidence.
1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fifth 9 Art, cursed Art! wipes off th'indebted Blush From Nature's Cheek, and bronzes every Shame.
1830 Fraser's Mag. 1 686 Habituation to these distressing calumnies has at length bronzed my feelings.
3. To make like bronze in colour; to brown.
ΚΠ
1792 S. Rogers Pleasures Mem. ii. 42 The bald veteran..richly bronz'd by many a summer sun.
1863 H. W. Longfellow Prelude iv, in Tales Wayside Inn 4 The fire-light..bronzed the rafters overhead.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)]
deceivec1330
defraud1362
falsec1374
abuse?a1439
fraud1563
visure1570
cozen1583
coney-catch1592
to fetch in1592
cheat1597
sell1607
mountebanka1616
dabc1616
nigglea1625
to put it on1625
shuffle1627
cuckold1644
to put a cheat on1649
tonya1652
fourbe1654
imposturea1659
impose1662
slur1664
knap1665
to pass upon (also on)1673
snub1694
ferret1699
nab1706
shool1745
humbug1750
gag1777
gudgeon1787
kid1811
bronze1817
honeyfuggle1829
Yankee1837
middle1863
fuck1866
fake1867
skunk1867
dead-beat1888
gold-brick1893
slicker1897
screw1900
to play it1901
to do in1906
game1907
gaff1934
scalp1939
sucker1939
sheg1943
swizz1961
butt-fuck1979
1817 Edinb. Monthly Mag. 1 137 Beware that you are not ‘bronzed’; take care that what you publish is authentic.
5. intransitive. To become like bronze, to turn brown.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > making or becoming brown > become brown [verb (intransitive)] > become bronze
bronze1880
1880 [implied in: R. Jefferies Great Estate 131 The very tips of the bronzing wheat-ears. (at bronzing adj.)].
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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